Preface |
|
xi | |
Authors |
|
xiii | |
|
|
1 | (20) |
|
1.1 Symbols and Factors Used in This Book |
|
|
1 | (8) |
|
1.1.1 Symbols Used in Power Systems |
|
|
1 | (4) |
|
1.1.2 Factors and Symbols Used in AC Power Systems |
|
|
5 | (3) |
|
1.1.3 Factors and Symbols Used in DC Power Systems |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
1.2 FFT-Fast Fourier Transform |
|
|
9 | (8) |
|
1.2.1 Central Symmetrical Periodical Function |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
1.2.2 Axial (Mirror) Symmetrical Periodical Function |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
1.2.3 Nonperiodic Function |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
1.2.4 Useful Formulae and Data |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
1.2.5 Examples of FFT Applications |
|
|
12 | (5) |
|
|
17 | (4) |
|
1.3.1 Categorizing Existing Inverters |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
1.3.3 Soft Switching Methods |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
|
19 | (2) |
|
2 Pulse Width-Modulated DC/AC Inverters |
|
|
21 | (10) |
|
|
21 | (2) |
|
2.2 Parameters Used in PWM Operation |
|
|
23 | (6) |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
2.2.1.1 Linear Range (ma ≤ 1.0) |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
2.2.1.2 Over Modulation (1.0 ≤ ma ≤ 3.24) |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
2.2.1.3 Square Wave (Sufficiently Large ma ≥ 3.24) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
2.2.1.4 Small mf (mf ≤ 21) |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
2.2.1.5 Large mf (mf > 21) |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
2.2.2 Harmonic Parameters |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
2.3 Typical PWM Inverters |
|
|
29 | (2) |
|
2.3.1 Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
2.3.2 Current Source Inverter (CSI) |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
2.3.3 Impedance Source Inverter (z-Source Inverter-ZSI) |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
2.3.4 Circuits of DC/AC Inverters |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
3 Voltage Source Inverters |
|
|
31 | (22) |
|
3.1 Single-Phase Voltage Source Inverter |
|
|
31 | (7) |
|
3.1.1 Single-Phase Half-Bridge VSI |
|
|
31 | (3) |
|
3.1.2 Single-Phase Full-Bridge VSI |
|
|
34 | (4) |
|
3.2 Three-Phase Full-Bridge VS1 |
|
|
38 | (2) |
|
3.3 Vector Analysis and Determination of ma |
|
|
40 | (4) |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
|
41 | (2) |
|
3.3.3 ma Calculation with L-C Filter |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
3.4 Multistage PWM Inverter |
|
|
44 | (9) |
|
|
45 | (2) |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
3.4.3 Multilevel PWM Inverter |
|
|
47 | (5) |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
4 Current Source Inverters |
|
|
53 | (8) |
|
4.1 Three-Phase Full-Bridge Current Source Inverter |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
53 | (4) |
|
4.2.1 Negative Polarity Input Voltage |
|
|
53 | (3) |
|
4.2.2 Positive Polarity Input Voltage |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
|
57 | (4) |
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
5 Impedance Source Inverters |
|
|
61 | (12) |
|
5.1 Comparison with VSI and CSI |
|
|
61 | (3) |
|
5.2 Equivalent Circuit and Operation |
|
|
64 | (3) |
|
5.3 Circuit Analysis and Calculations |
|
|
67 | (2) |
|
5.4 Simulation and Experimental Results |
|
|
69 | (4) |
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
6 Quasi-Impedance Source Inverters |
|
|
73 | (14) |
|
6.1 Introduction to ZSI and Basic Topologies |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
6.2 Extended Boost qZSI Topologies |
|
|
74 | (13) |
|
6.2.1 Diode-Assisted Extended Boost qZSI Topologies |
|
|
76 | (3) |
|
6.2.2 Capacitor-Assisted Extended Boost qZSI Topologies |
|
|
79 | (2) |
|
|
81 | (5) |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
7 Soft-Switching DC/AC Inverters |
|
|
87 | (50) |
|
7.1 Notched DC Link Inverters for Brushless DC Motor Drive |
|
|
87 | (16) |
|
|
89 | (5) |
|
7.1.2 Design Considerations |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
7.1.3.1 Non-PWM Operation |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
|
97 | (2) |
|
7.1.4 Simulation and Experimental Results |
|
|
99 | (4) |
|
7.2 Resonant Pole Inverter |
|
|
103 | (15) |
|
7.2.1 Topology of Resonant Pole Inverter |
|
|
104 | (2) |
|
7.2.2 Operation Principle |
|
|
106 | (5) |
|
7.2.3 Design Considerations |
|
|
111 | (3) |
|
7.2.4 Simulation and Experimental Results |
|
|
114 | (4) |
|
7.3 Transformer-Based Resonant DC Link Inverter |
|
|
118 | (19) |
|
|
119 | (7) |
|
7.3.2 Design Considerations |
|
|
126 | (3) |
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
7.3.3.1 Full Duty Cycle Operation |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
7.3.4 Simulation and Experimental Results |
|
|
131 | (4) |
|
|
135 | (2) |
|
8 Multilevel DC/AC Inverters |
|
|
137 | (18) |
|
|
137 | (3) |
|
8.2 Diode-Clamped Multilevel Inverters |
|
|
140 | (5) |
|
8.3 Capacitor-Clamped Multilevel Inverters (Flying Capacitor Inverters) |
|
|
145 | (2) |
|
8.4 Multilevel Inverters Using H-Bridges (HBs) Converters |
|
|
147 | (4) |
|
8.4.1 Cascaded Equal Voltage Multilevel Inverters (CEMI) |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
8.4.2 Binary Hybrid Multilevel Inverter (BHMI) |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
8.4.3 Quasi-Linear Multilevel Inverter (QLMI) |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
8.4.4 Trinary Hybrid Multilevel Inverter (THMI) |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
8.5 Other Kinds of Multilevel Inverters |
|
|
151 | (4) |
|
8.5.1 Generalized Multilevel Inverters (GMI) |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
8.5.2 Mixed-Level Multilevel Inverter Topologies |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
8.5.3 Multilevel Inverters by Connection of Three-Phase Two-Level Inverters |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
9 Trinary Hybrid Multilevel Inverter (THMI) |
|
|
155 | (52) |
|
9.1 Topology and Operation |
|
|
155 | (4) |
|
9.2 Proof of Greatest Number of Output Voltage Levels |
|
|
159 | (24) |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
9.2.2 Comparison of Various Kinds of Multilevel Inverters |
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
9.2.3 Modulation Strategies for THMI |
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
9.2.3.1 Step Modulation Strategy |
|
|
162 | (5) |
|
9.2.3.2 Virtual Stage Modulation Strategy |
|
|
167 | (4) |
|
9.2.3.3 Hybrid Modulation Strategy |
|
|
171 | (2) |
|
9.2.3.4 Subharmonic PWM Strategies |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
9.2.3.5 Simple Modulation Strategy |
|
|
173 | (2) |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
9.2.4.1 Analysis of DC Bus Power Injection |
|
|
175 | (2) |
|
9.2.4.2 Regenerative Power in THMI |
|
|
177 | (2) |
|
9.2.4.3 Method to Avoid Regenerative Power |
|
|
179 | (2) |
|
9.2.4.4 Summary of Regenerative Power in THMI |
|
|
181 | (2) |
|
|
183 | (7) |
|
9.3.1 Experiment to Verify Step Modulation and Virtual Stage Modulation |
|
|
183 | (3) |
|
9.3.2 Experiment to Verify New Method to Eliminate Regenerative Power |
|
|
186 | (4) |
|
9.4 Trinary Hybrid 81-Level Multilevel Inverter |
|
|
190 | (17) |
|
9.4.1 Space Vector Modulation |
|
|
192 | (4) |
|
9.4.2 DC Sources of H-Bridges |
|
|
196 | (3) |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
9.4.4 Simulation and Experimental Results |
|
|
200 | (5) |
|
|
205 | (2) |
|
10 Laddered Multilevel DC/AC Inverters Used in Solar Panel Energy Systems |
|
|
207 | (24) |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
10.2 Progressions (Series) |
|
|
208 | (4) |
|
10.2.1 Arithmetic Progressions |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
10.2.1.1 Unit Progression |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
10.2.1.2 Natural Number Progression |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
10.2.1.3 Odd Number Progression |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
10.2.2 Geometric Progressions |
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
10.2.2.1 Binary Progression |
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
10.2.2.2 Trinary Number Progression |
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
10.3 Laddered Multilevel DC/AC Inverters |
|
|
212 | (9) |
|
|
212 | (1) |
|
|
212 | (1) |
|
10.3.1.2 Change-over Switch |
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
10.3.2 General Circuit of Laddered Inverters |
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
10.3.3 Linear Laddered Inverters (LLIs) |
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
10.3.4 Natural Number Laddered Inverters (NNLIs) |
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
10.3.5 Odd Number Laddered Inverters (ONLIs) |
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
10.3.6 Binary Laddered Inverters (BLIs) |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
10.3.7 Modified Binary Laddered Inverters (MBLIs) |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
10.3.8 Luo Progression Laddered Inverters (LPLIs) |
|
|
218 | (2) |
|
10.3.9 Ye Progression Laddered Inverters (YPLIs) |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
10.3.10 Trinary Laddered Inverters (TLIs) |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
10.4 Comparison of All Laddered Inverters |
|
|
221 | (2) |
|
10.5 Solar Panel Energy Systems |
|
|
223 | (2) |
|
10.6 Simulation and Experimental Results |
|
|
225 | (6) |
|
|
229 | (2) |
|
11 Super-Lift Converter Multilevel DC/AC Inverters Used in Solar Panel Energy Systems |
|
|
231 | (12) |
|
|
231 | (2) |
|
11.2 Super-Lift Converter Used in Multilevel DC/AC Inverters |
|
|
233 | (5) |
|
11.2.1 Seven-Level SL Inverter |
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
11.2.2 Fifteen-Level SL Inverter |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
11.2.3 Twenty-One-Level SC Inverter |
|
|
235 | (3) |
|
11.3 Simulation and Experimental Results |
|
|
238 | (5) |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
12 Switched-Capacitor Multilevel DC/AC Inverters in Solar Panel Energy Systems |
|
|
243 | (10) |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
12.2 Switched Capacitor Used in Multilevel DC/AC Inverters |
|
|
244 | (4) |
|
12.2.1 Five-Level SC Inverter |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
12.2.2 Nine-Level SC Inverter |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
12.2.3 Fifteen-Level SC Inverter |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
12.2.4 Higher-Level SC Inverter |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
12.3 Simulation and Experimental Results |
|
|
248 | (5) |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
13 Switched Inductor Multilevel DC/AC Inverters Used in Solar Panel Energy Systems |
|
|
253 | (10) |
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
13.2 Switched Inductor Used in Multilevel DC/AC Inverters |
|
|
253 | (4) |
|
13.2.1 Five-Level SI Inverter |
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
13.2.2 Nine-Level SL Inverter |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
13.2.3 Fifteen-Level SC Inverter |
|
|
255 | (2) |
|
13.3 Simulation and Experimental Results |
|
|
257 | (6) |
|
|
261 | (2) |
|
14 Best Switching Angles to Obtain Lowest THD for Multilevel DC/AC Inverters |
|
|
263 | (20) |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
14.2 Methods for Determination of Switching Angle |
|
|
263 | (9) |
|
14.2.1 Main Switching Angles |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
14.2.2 Equal-Phase (EP) Method |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
14.2.3 Half-Equal-Phase (HEP) Method |
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
14.2.4 Half-Height (HH) Method |
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
14.2.5 Feed-Forward (FF) Method |
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
14.2.6 Comparison of Methods in Each Level |
|
|
265 | (2) |
|
14.2.7 Comparison of Levels for Each Method |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
14.2.8 THDs of Different Methods |
|
|
267 | (5) |
|
14.3 Best Switching Angles |
|
|
272 | (11) |
|
14.3.1 Using MATLAB® to Obtain Best Switching Angles |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
14.3.2 Analysis of Results of Best Switching Angles Calculation |
|
|
272 | (5) |
|
14.3.3 Output Voltage Waveform for Multilevel Inverters |
|
|
277 | (5) |
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
15 Design Examples for Wind Turbine and Solar Panel Energy Systems |
|
|
283 | (20) |
|
|
283 | (2) |
|
15.2 Wind Turbine Energy Systems |
|
|
285 | (10) |
|
15.2.1 Technical Features |
|
|
285 | (3) |
|
15.2.2 Design Example for Wind Turbine Power System |
|
|
288 | (2) |
|
15.2.2.1 Design Example for Wind Turbine |
|
|
290 | (3) |
|
15.2.2.2 Design Example for Converters |
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
15.2.2.3 Simulation Results |
|
|
293 | (2) |
|
15.3 Solar Panel Energy Systems |
|
|
295 | (8) |
|
15.3.1 Technical Features |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
15.3.2 P/O Super-Lift Luo Converter |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
15.3.3 Closed-Loop Control |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
15.3.6 Simulation Results |
|
|
300 | (2) |
|
|
302 | (1) |
Index |
|
303 | |