Preface |
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xvii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xix | |
Authors |
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xxi | |
Chapter 1 Introduction to Advanced Nutrition |
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1 | (14) |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (3) |
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Nutrition and Health Communication |
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10 | (3) |
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13 | (2) |
Chapter 2 Nutrition and the Cycle of Life |
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15 | (26) |
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Cell Structure and Function |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (4) |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (3) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (2) |
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Childhood and Adolescence |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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Drug Effects on Nutrient Need in the Aging |
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33 | (3) |
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36 | (5) |
Chapter 3 Nutrition, the Microbiota, and Chronic Disease |
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41 | (16) |
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41 | (2) |
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Environmental Effects on the Microbiota |
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43 | (1) |
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Factors Affecting the Microbiota in the Gut |
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43 | (5) |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Immunity, Injury, and Inflammation |
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46 | (2) |
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Injury and the Inflammation Process |
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48 | (3) |
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Relationship of the Microbiota and Inflammation to Chronic Disease |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (5) |
Chapter 4 Metabolism of the Macronutrients |
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57 | (22) |
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57 | (6) |
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57 | (4) |
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61 | (1) |
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Glycogenesis (Glycogen Synthesis) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (3) |
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Glycogenolysis (Glycogen Breakdown) |
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63 | (1) |
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Gluconeogenesis (Glucose Synthesis) |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (2) |
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Lipolysis and Fatty Acid Oxidation |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (8) |
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69 | (6) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (3) |
Chapter 5 Energy |
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79 | (22) |
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79 | (2) |
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How Energy Is Assessed (Intake, Output, Storage) |
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81 | (16) |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (9) |
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85 | (6) |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (3) |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (4) |
Chapter 6 Negative Energy Balance, Starvation, and Malnutrition |
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101 | (16) |
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101 | (1) |
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Set-Point Theory in Body Weight Regulation |
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102 | (2) |
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104 | (7) |
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Protein-Energy Malnutrition |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (2) |
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Recovery from Malnutrition and Starvation |
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108 | (2) |
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110 | (1) |
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Voluntary Starvation: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia |
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111 | (3) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (3) |
Chapter 7 Exercise, Physical Activity, and the Energy Equation |
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117 | (12) |
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117 | (4) |
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Minimum Physical Activity Recommendations |
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121 | (1) |
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Exercise and Nutrient Needs |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (3) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (2) |
Chapter 8 Positive Energy Balance: Obesity |
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129 | (22) |
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129 | (2) |
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Indirect Methods Used to Determine Body Fat |
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131 | (3) |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (6) |
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Treatment of Obesity: Diet Strategies |
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140 | (1) |
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Pharmaceutical Strategies |
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141 | (3) |
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Surgical Strategies for Weight Loss |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (7) |
Chapter 9 Regulation of Food Intake |
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151 | (20) |
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Psychological Aspects of Food Intake |
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151 | (2) |
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Physiological Aspects of Food Intake |
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153 | (13) |
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Sensory Perception of Food |
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153 | (18) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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Smell (Olfaction) and Gustation (Taste) |
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155 | (4) |
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Neuronal Signals for Hunger and Satiety |
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159 | (7) |
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166 | (5) |
Chapter 10 Nutrigenomics |
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171 | (30) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (5) |
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173 | (3) |
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Mutation or Polymorphisms |
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176 | (3) |
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178 | (1) |
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Synthesis of Purines and Pyrimidines |
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179 | (2) |
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181 | (6) |
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Mitochondrial Gene Expression |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (3) |
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Effects of Diet on Genetic Diseases |
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189 | (1) |
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Nutrient-Gene Interactions |
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189 | (1) |
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Genetic Diseases of Interest to Nutrition |
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190 | (5) |
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195 | (6) |
Chapter 11 Protein |
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201 | (56) |
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201 | (4) |
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201 | (4) |
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205 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (2) |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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Classification of Proteins |
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211 | (10) |
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Classification by Solubility and Prosthetic Groups |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (2) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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Other Conjugated Proteins |
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213 | (1) |
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Classification by Function |
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213 | (1) |
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Classification by Nutritive Value |
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213 | (3) |
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216 | (1) |
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Biological Value of Dietary Protein |
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216 | (5) |
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221 | (16) |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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Proteins as Carriers and Receptors |
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225 | (1) |
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Proteins as Regulators of Water Balance |
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225 | (1) |
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Proteins as Biological Buffers |
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226 | (2) |
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Proteins as Structural Elements |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (1) |
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Proteins in the Immune System |
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230 | (1) |
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Proteins in the Endocrine System: Hormones |
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230 | (3) |
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Proteins as Signaling Molecules |
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233 | (2) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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Protein Intake Recommendations |
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237 | (8) |
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238 | (2) |
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Environmental Temperature |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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Protein and Amino Acid Interactions with Other Nutrients |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (4) |
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246 | (3) |
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249 | (1) |
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Integration of the Metabolic Features of Protein Nutrition |
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249 | (3) |
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252 | (5) |
Chapter 12 Carbohydrates |
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257 | (48) |
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257 | (1) |
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Structure, Nomenclature, and Sources |
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257 | (9) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (2) |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (3) |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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Structural Polysaccharides |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (2) |
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268 | (3) |
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271 | (3) |
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272 | (2) |
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Abnormalities in the Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis: Diabetes Mellitus |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (5) |
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277 | (1) |
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Genetics and Diabetes Mellitus |
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277 | (2) |
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279 | (3) |
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279 | (2) |
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Diabetes Secondary to Viral Infections |
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281 | (1) |
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Mutations Associated with Diabetes |
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282 | (10) |
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282 | (1) |
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Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young |
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282 | (2) |
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Genetic Errors in Insulin Structure |
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284 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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Peripheral Insulin Resistance |
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285 | (1) |
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Animal Models for Humans with Type 2 Diabetes |
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286 | (2) |
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Population Surveys Relating Diet to Diabetes |
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288 | (1) |
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Prospective Studies Linking Food Intake to a Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes |
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289 | (1) |
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Dietary Intervention in Diabetes |
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289 | (3) |
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Overall Management of Both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes |
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292 | (1) |
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Other Health Concerns in Carbohydrate Nutrition |
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292 | (3) |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (1) |
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295 | (10) |
Chapter 13 Lipids |
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305 | (50) |
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305 | (1) |
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Structure and Nomenclature |
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306 | (2) |
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306 | (20) |
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306 | (2) |
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Triacylglycerol (Oils and Fats or Triglycerides) |
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308 | (1) |
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308 | (3) |
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311 | (3) |
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314 | (1) |
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Exogenous Lipid Transport |
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314 | (3) |
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Endogenous Lipid Transport |
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317 | (1) |
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Genetic Basis for Lipoproteinemia |
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318 | (1) |
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Defects in Exogenous Fat Transport |
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318 | (6) |
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Diet Effects on Serum Lipids |
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324 | (1) |
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Nutrient-Gene Interactions in Lipid Transport |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (2) |
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326 | (2) |
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328 | (6) |
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334 | (4) |
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338 | (1) |
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Marine Oils and Health Concerns |
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339 | (2) |
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Lipids and Membrane Function |
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341 | (1) |
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Membrane Phospholipid Composition |
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342 | (1) |
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Disease Effects on Membrane Lipids |
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342 | (1) |
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Hormonal Effects on Membrane Lipids |
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343 | (1) |
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Age Effects on Membrane Lipids |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (2) |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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346 | (9) |
Chapter 14 Macrominerals |
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355 | (34) |
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355 | (8) |
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Regulation of Serum Sodium |
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356 | (5) |
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361 | (2) |
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363 | (1) |
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363 | (2) |
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364 | (1) |
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365 | (14) |
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365 | (1) |
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366 | (1) |
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366 | (2) |
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368 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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369 | (2) |
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Calcium Transport and Blood Calcium Regulation |
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371 | (1) |
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371 | (7) |
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371 | (2) |
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373 | (4) |
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377 | (1) |
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377 | (1) |
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377 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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379 | (2) |
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380 | (1) |
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381 | (4) |
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Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion |
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382 | (1) |
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382 | (1) |
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383 | (1) |
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384 | (1) |
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385 | (4) |
Chapter 15 Trace Minerals |
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389 | (46) |
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389 | (3) |
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392 | (2) |
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Antagonisms and Interactions among Trace Minerals |
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394 | (3) |
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Interactions of Vitamins with Minerals |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (6) |
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Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion |
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398 | (2) |
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Other Iron-Containing Compounds |
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400 | (2) |
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402 | (1) |
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402 | (1) |
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Pharmacological Treatment of Iron Deficiency |
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403 | (1) |
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Excess Iron Intake: Toxicology |
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403 | (1) |
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404 | (6) |
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Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion |
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404 | (2) |
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406 | (2) |
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408 | (1) |
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408 | (1) |
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409 | (1) |
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410 | (1) |
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|
410 | (4) |
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Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion |
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411 | (1) |
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412 | (1) |
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412 | (1) |
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413 | (1) |
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414 | (5) |
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Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion |
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414 | (2) |
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416 | (2) |
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Selenium-Mineral Interactions |
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418 | (1) |
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419 | (1) |
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419 | (1) |
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419 | (3) |
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Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion |
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420 | (2) |
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422 | (1) |
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422 | (1) |
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422 | (1) |
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Absorption, Excretion, and Function |
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423 | (1) |
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Food Sources, Recommended Intake |
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423 | (1) |
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423 | (2) |
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Absorption, Excretion, and Function |
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424 | (1) |
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Food Sources, Recommended Intake |
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425 | (1) |
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425 | (1) |
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425 | (1) |
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Toxicity, Mineral Interactions |
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426 | (1) |
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426 | (1) |
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427 | (8) |
Chapter 16 Fat-Soluble Vitamins |
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435 | (56) |
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435 | (17) |
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Structure and Nomenclature |
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435 | (4) |
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439 | (3) |
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442 | (1) |
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442 | (1) |
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443 | (2) |
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443 | (2) |
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445 | (1) |
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445 | (6) |
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445 | (4) |
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449 | (1) |
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449 | (2) |
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451 | (1) |
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Vitamin Degradation and Excretion |
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451 | (1) |
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452 | (1) |
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|
452 | (15) |
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Structure and Nomenclature |
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|
453 | (2) |
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Chemical and Physical Properties |
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455 | (1) |
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456 | (1) |
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456 | (2) |
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458 | (1) |
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459 | (1) |
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459 | (1) |
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459 | (1) |
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460 | (1) |
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|
461 | (2) |
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Regulation of Serum Calcium Levels |
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|
463 | (1) |
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Mode of Action at the Genomic Level |
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464 | (1) |
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465 | (1) |
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466 | (1) |
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466 | (1) |
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|
467 | (8) |
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Structure and Nomenclature |
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|
467 | (2) |
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Chemical and Physical Properties |
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469 | (1) |
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469 | (2) |
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471 | (2) |
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471 | (1) |
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Intracellular Transport and Storage |
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471 | (1) |
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472 | (1) |
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473 | (1) |
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474 | (1) |
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474 | (1) |
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|
475 | (9) |
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Structure and Nomenclature |
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475 | (1) |
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|
476 | (1) |
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Chemical and Physical Properties |
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|
476 | (1) |
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476 | (1) |
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477 | (1) |
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478 | (1) |
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Antagonists, Antivitamins |
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478 | (1) |
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478 | (2) |
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480 | (3) |
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483 | (1) |
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484 | (1) |
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484 | (1) |
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484 | (1) |
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|
485 | (6) |
Chapter 17 Water-Soluble Vitamins |
|
491 | (70) |
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|
491 | (6) |
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Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties |
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492 | (1) |
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493 | (1) |
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Absorption and Metabolism |
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494 | (1) |
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494 | (1) |
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495 | (1) |
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496 | (1) |
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497 | (1) |
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497 | (1) |
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|
497 | (8) |
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498 | (1) |
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498 | (1) |
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499 | (1) |
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500 | (1) |
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|
500 | (1) |
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501 | (2) |
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|
503 | (2) |
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505 | (1) |
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|
505 | (1) |
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|
505 | (6) |
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Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties |
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|
506 | (1) |
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|
507 | (1) |
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|
507 | (1) |
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Absorption and Metabolism |
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508 | (1) |
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509 | (2) |
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511 | (1) |
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511 | (1) |
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|
511 | (5) |
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Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties |
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|
512 | (1) |
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513 | (1) |
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Absorption and Metabolism |
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513 | (1) |
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|
513 | (2) |
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|
515 | (1) |
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|
516 | (1) |
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|
516 | (6) |
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Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties |
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|
516 | (1) |
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|
516 | (1) |
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Absorption and Metabolism |
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|
517 | (1) |
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|
517 | (4) |
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|
521 | (1) |
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522 | (1) |
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|
522 | (5) |
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Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties |
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|
522 | (1) |
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|
523 | (1) |
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Absorption and Metabolism |
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|
523 | (1) |
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|
523 | (3) |
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526 | (1) |
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527 | (1) |
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|
527 | (3) |
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Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties |
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|
527 | (1) |
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|
528 | (1) |
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Absorption and Metabolism |
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528 | (1) |
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|
529 | (1) |
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|
529 | (1) |
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530 | (1) |
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|
530 | (7) |
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Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties |
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|
530 | (2) |
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|
532 | (1) |
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Absorption and Metabolism |
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|
532 | (1) |
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|
532 | (3) |
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|
535 | (1) |
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|
536 | (1) |
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|
537 | (4) |
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Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
Absorption and Metabolism |
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|
538 | (1) |
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|
539 | (1) |
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|
540 | (1) |
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|
541 | (1) |
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|
541 | (2) |
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Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties |
|
|
541 | (1) |
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|
542 | (1) |
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Absorption and Metabolism |
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|
542 | (1) |
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|
543 | (1) |
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|
543 | (1) |
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|
543 | (4) |
|
Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
Absorption and Metabolism |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
|
545 | (2) |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
|
547 | (4) |
|
Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
Absorption and Metabolism |
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
|
548 | (2) |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
Other Compounds That May or May Not Be Vitamins |
|
|
551 | (2) |
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
|
553 | (8) |
Chapter 18 Case Studies |
|
561 | (10) |
|
Case Study 1 Marcus Wants to Stop Gaining Weight |
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
Case Study 2 Discovering a Concentration Camp |
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
Case Study 3 Helen's Dilemma |
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
Case Study 4 Andrew Likes to Play Baseball |
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
Case Study 5 What's a Person To Do? |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
Case Study 6 Exercising Bodies |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
Case Study 7 Gramma Is Tired |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
Case Study 8 Your Family Tree |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
Case Study 9 An African Adventure |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
Case Study 10 BoBo Hates Milk; It Gives Him a Tummy Ache |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
Case Study 11 Steven Has a Belly Ache |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
Case Study 12 Julia Is Thin |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
Case Study 13 Herbert Is on a Food Supplement Kick |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
Case Study 14 Sylvia, Raymond, and Reginald Have a Fat Mother with Type 2 Diabetes |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
Case Study 15 A New Food Product |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
Case Study 16 Shelly Needs Help |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
Case Study 17 Harry's Complaint |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
Case Study 18 Elsie Can't Drive at Night |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
Case Study 19 Uncle John Is an Alcoholic |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
Case Study 20 Little Lizzie Has Scurvy |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
Case Study 21 Aunt Tillie Is Getting Shorter |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
Case Study 22 Mike Writhes on the Floor |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
Case Study 23 Nebraska Pioneer Women |
|
|
568 | (3) |
Glossary |
|
571 | (17) |
Index |
|
588 | |