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E-grāmata: Asian Informal Workers: Global Risks Local Protection

, (Universitą degli Studi di Firenze, Italy)
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This thoroughly researched volume surveys the nature and extent of 'informal' work in Asia, which is a powerful and under-studied force in the region.

After over half a century of development, even in the fast growing economies of Asia, the formal sector, and industrial jobs have grown rather slowly, and most non-agricultural employment growth has occurred in the informal economy. At the same time as this, there has been a feminization of informal workers and growth in subcontracted homework.

Drawing on detailed case studies carried out in five Asian countries - two low income (India and Pakistan) and three middle income (Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines) – where subcontracted production, usually by women and children working out of home, is now widespread, this insightful book acknowledges that home-based work is the source of income diversification for poor families, but is also the source of exploitation of vulnerable workers and child labour as firms attempt to contain costs.

This wide-ranging and accessible survey, edited by key specialists in this field, along with an impressive team of contributors, examines the social protection needs of these workers arguing convincingly for public action to promote such work and protect these workers as a possible new labour intensive growth strategy in developing countries.

Recenzijas

".. a very interesting book which breaks new ground in examining the interconnection between child labour and women's home-based work...essential reading for anyone working on child labour, women's work, and informal work.



"The policy recommendations are well-argued and innovative... It finds a way through the dilemma that attempts to outlaw child labour in home based work will not work and can harm those they seek to help.

" a book that Routledge can be proud of." - Diane Elson, University of Essex



"...This book is an empirically grounded and policy focussed contribution to debates about how to enhance human security in conditions of flexibility and change." - Bob Deacon, Professor of Global Social Policy, Sheffield University

List of figures
xvii
List of tables
xix
Notes on contributors xxv
Preface xxix
Acknowledgements xxxi
PART I A cross-country analysis of industrial outwork in Asia
1(170)
The empirical context and a theoretical framework
3(29)
Santosh Mehrotra
Mario Biggeri
Background: the informal economy and industrial outwork
6(7)
Homework - a driver of poverty, or a trigger of human development?
13(8)
The capabilities of homeworkers - a micro-level analysis of homeworker households
21(5)
Final remarks
26(6)
Notes
27(5)
Research methodology
32(30)
Santosh Mehrotra
Mario Biggeri
Research plan
33(1)
Research methodology: instruments and data collection
34(5)
Profile of selected sectors
39(23)
Questionnaire guidelines for homeworkers (and control group)
44(16)
Notes
60(2)
Subcontracting and homework in the value chain
62(20)
Santosh Mehrotra
Mario Biggeri
The value chain
64(3)
Forms of insecurity of homeworkers in the value chain in the five Asian countries
67(11)
Final remarks
78(4)
Notes
80(2)
Homeworkers
82(41)
Santosh Mehrotra
Mario Biggeri
The social and economic profile of the households
83(9)
Homeworkers a cross-country analysis
92(21)
Health and economic issues related to women homeworkers: some empirical evidence for India and Pakistan
113(5)
Concluding remarks
118(5)
Notes
120(3)
Child labour in homeworker households
123(48)
Santosh Mehrotra
Mario Biggeri
Homeworker households and child labour
124(3)
Understanding children's work in homeworker households
127(27)
The determinatnts of children's work status and hours worked: an empirical analysis for India, Pakistan and Indonesia
154(8)
Concluding remarks
162(9)
Definition of child activities
164(2)
Notes
166(5)
PART II The Country Studies
171(188)
Subcontracted homework in India: a case study of three sectors
173(37)
Ratna M. Sudarshan
Shanta Venkataraman
Laveesh Bhandari
The informal sector and informal employmen in India
175(1)
Research method
176(3)
Subcontracted manufacturing
179(9)
Income and poverty in homework
188(3)
The homeworker
191(5)
Children in homework
196(6)
From research to action
202(8)
Notes
208(1)
References
209(1)
Hazardous subcontracted homework in Pakistan
210(40)
Shahrukh Rafi Khan
Saba Gul Khattak
Sajid Kazmi
The informal sector in Pakistan
210(3)
Homework in Pakistan
213(1)
Research method
214(4)
Homework sectors
218(7)
Exploitation of homeworkers
225(4)
The impact of homework: a quantitative analysis
229(7)
Conclusions and policy recommendations
236(14)
Description of homework environments in fieldwork reports
240(1)
Case studies
241(2)
Notes
243(4)
Bibliography
247(3)
Women and children homeworkers in Indonesia
250(40)
M. Oey-Gardiner
E. Suleeman
I. Tjandraningsih
W. Hartanto
H. Wijaya
Formal and informal in the Indonesian labour force
251(9)
Research method
260(2)
Sectors
262(8)
Homeworkers in the sectors studied
270(9)
Conclusions and policy recommendations
279(11)
Case studies: homeworkers' earnings
282(1)
Results from FGDs with children about the workplace
283(1)
Notes
283(4)
References
287(3)
Subcontracted homework by women and children in the Philippines
290(32)
R. Rosario Del Rosario
R. Pineda-Ofreneo
The informal labour force and homeworkers
291(5)
Research method
296(1)
Homework sectors
297(7)
Profile of homeworkers
304(6)
Conclusions and recommendations
310(12)
Case studies
315(2)
Notes
317(2)
Bibliography
319(3)
Subcontracted homework in Thailand
322(37)
Narumon Arunotai
Napat Gordon
Ratana Jarubenja
Nitaya Katleeradapan
Narong Petchprasert
Amara Pongsapich
Thailand's industrialisation process and the informal sector
323(1)
The emergence of Home Based Work in Thailand---some features
324(5)
Research method
329(3)
Homework sectors
332(8)
The socio-economic situation of homeworkers
340(9)
Initiatives in favour of homeworkers
349(1)
Conclusions and policy recommendations
350(9)
Case studies
351(3)
Notes
354(3)
References
357(2)
PART III Policy implications
359(94)
Upgrading informal micro-and small enterprises through clusters: towards a policy agenda
361(39)
Santosh Mehrotra
Mario Biggeri
Background
361(4)
Informal activities, clusters and local systems of development
365(3)
Clustering as a process of development: dirt roads, low roads and high roads
368(4)
Empirical evidence on the potential of clusters
372(9)
Policies to promote clusters of small enterprises and homeworkers' activities
381(12)
Concluding remarks
393(7)
International agencies' efforts at promoting clusters
394(3)
Notes
397(3)
Extending social insurance to informal wage workers
400(53)
Santosh Mehrotra
Mario Biggeri
Understanding the historical evolution of social protection in rich countries and its relevance for Asian countries
402(6)
Government and non-governmental initiatives for homeworkers in South and South East Asia
408(5)
Implications of this study for social protection policy
413(14)
Concluding remarks
427(26)
ILO Convention on Home Work No. 177, Ratification of Relevant Conventions and Conventions
428(10)
Ratification of ILO Conventions
438(5)
Organizations for/of homeworkers
443(2)
Main international voluntary certifications, corporate social responsibility (SA 8000) and the Global Compact initiative
445(5)
Notes
450(3)
References 453(16)
Index 469
Santosh Mehrotra is a senior policy advisor for the United Nations Development Program based in Bangkok, Thailand. His books include Development With a Human Face (edited with R. Jolly, 1997); Eliminating Human Poverty: Macro economic Policies for Equitable Growth; and The Economics of Elementary Education in India.

Mario Biggeri is senior lecturer in development economics at the University of Florence, Italy. His research interests include economies of transition, international aid, clusters and informal activities, rural development, and child labour and child's capabilities, and he has published widely in these areas.