Contributors |
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xv | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxiii | |
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Section A Overview and Background on Diet and Arthritis/Inflammation Modifications |
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1 | (94) |
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1 Foods and Arthritis: An Overview |
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3 | (20) |
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3 | (1) |
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2 Prevalence of Arthritis |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 The Role of Diet in Arthritis |
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4 | (1) |
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5 Foods That Avoid in Arthritis |
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5 | (2) |
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6 Food Ingredients That Can Cause Inflammation and Arthritis |
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7 | (2) |
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7 Best Foods for Arthritis |
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9 | (10) |
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19 | (4) |
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2 Probiotics for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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23 | (14) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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6 Probiotics as RA Therapy |
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26 | (7) |
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7 Limitations of Current Research |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (3) |
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3 Integrative and Complementary Medicine Use in Adults With Chronic Lower Back Pain, Neck Pain, and Arthritis/Musculoskeletal Diseases |
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37 | (14) |
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37 | (1) |
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2 Costs, Quality of Life, and Patient Satisfaction With CAM |
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38 | (1) |
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3 Trends in CAM Usage for Treating Lower Back Pain |
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39 | (1) |
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4 Trends in CAM Usage for Treating Neck Pain |
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39 | (1) |
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5 Trends in CAM Usage for Treating Musculoskeletal Diseases |
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40 | (1) |
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6 Trends in CAM Usage for Treating Arthritis |
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40 | (1) |
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7 Summary of Our Previous Research |
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40 | (6) |
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46 | (1) |
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9 Summary and Future Directions |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (4) |
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4 Antiinflammatory and Antiarthritic Activities of Some Foods and Spices |
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51 | (18) |
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51 | (1) |
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2 Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum Linn., Family: Fabaceae) |
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52 | (3) |
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3 Turmeric (Curcumalonga L., Family: Zingiberaceae) |
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55 | (3) |
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4 Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Family: Zingiberacae) |
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58 | (5) |
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63 | (6) |
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5 Improvement of Standard Antirheumatic Therapy by Phytochemicals |
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69 | (26) |
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70 | (1) |
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2 Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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71 | (1) |
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3 Effect of Natural Polyphenols in Human and Experimental Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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72 | (6) |
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4 Innovative Combination Treatment of Methotrexate With Natural Compounds in the Adjuvant Arthritis |
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78 | (10) |
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5 Conclusion and Perspectives |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (7) |
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Section B Nutrients and Inflammation Modification During Arthritis |
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95 | (126) |
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6 Nutrients and Dietary Supplements for Osteoarthritis |
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97 | (42) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (12) |
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110 | (18) |
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4 Micronutrients (Trace Elements) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (9) |
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7 Dietary Short Chain Fatty Acids: How the Gut Microbiota Fight Against Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases |
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139 | (22) |
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1 The Host and the Gut Microbiota |
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140 | (2) |
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2 Diet, Gut Microbiota, and SCFAs |
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142 | (2) |
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3 A Leaky Gut: The Origin of Inflammatory Diseases |
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144 | (2) |
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4 Microbial Metabolites and Mucosal Immunology |
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146 | (2) |
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5 Mechanisms of Action in the Gut |
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148 | (1) |
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6 SCFAs and HDAC Inhibition of Immune Function |
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149 | (2) |
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7 Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites as Therapeutics |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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152 | (9) |
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8 Vitamin K and Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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161 | (14) |
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Bahram Pourghassem Gargari |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (2) |
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4 Rheumatoid Arthritis and Vitamin K |
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164 | (7) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (4) |
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9 Regulation of Immune Cell Function by Short Chain Fatty Acids and Their Impact on Arthritis |
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175 | (14) |
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Marco Aurelio Ramirez Vinolo |
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175 | (1) |
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2 SCFAs Production, Absorption, and Molecular Targets |
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175 | (1) |
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3 Impact of the SCFAs on Components of the Innate Immune System |
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176 | (4) |
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4 Impact of the SCFAs on the Adaptive Immune System |
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180 | (2) |
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5 Impact of SCFAs on Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts |
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182 | (1) |
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6 Impact of Short Chain Fatty Acids on Arthritis |
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183 | (2) |
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7 Concluding Remarks and Perspectives in the Field |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (4) |
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10 Effects of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D on Bone Mineral Density and Disease Activity in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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189 | (14) |
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189 | (2) |
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2 Effects of Vitamin D on Bone Mineral Density |
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191 | (2) |
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3 Vitamin D in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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193 | (3) |
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4 Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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196 | (3) |
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199 | (4) |
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11 Vitamin D and Autoimmunity |
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203 | (18) |
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1 Metabolism of Vitamin D and Its Regulation |
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203 | (2) |
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2 Immunomodulation and Vitamin D |
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205 | (1) |
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3 Vitamin D and Autoimmune Diseases |
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206 | (5) |
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4 Vitamin D Receptor and Autoimmune Diseases |
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211 | (3) |
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5 Vitamin D Supplementation in Autoimmune Diseases |
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214 | (2) |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (5) |
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Section C Foods in Arthritis |
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221 | (70) |
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12 Prebiotic Fibers and Their Potential Effects on Knee Osteoarthritis and Related Pain |
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223 | (10) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (4) |
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13 Zingiber officinale: Antiinflammatory Actions and Potential Usage for Arthritic Conditions |
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233 | (12) |
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Srikumar Padmalayam Sadanandan |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (4) |
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237 | (4) |
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4 Potential Antiinflammatory Activity of Zingiber officinale |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (3) |
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14 Garlic and Its Role in Arthritis Management |
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245 | (8) |
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245 | (1) |
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2 Garlic---A Natural Remedy for Arthritis |
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246 | (1) |
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3 Antiinflammatory Effects of Dietary Garlic |
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247 | (1) |
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4 Inhibitory Role of Garlic-Derived Compounds in Arthritis Signaling Pathways |
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247 | (3) |
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250 | (3) |
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15 Cinnamon and Arthritic Care |
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253 | (8) |
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253 | (2) |
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2 Cinnamon, Oxidative Stress, and Arthritis |
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255 | (1) |
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3 Cinnamon, Inflammation, and Arthritis |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (3) |
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16 Biochemistry and Biology of Avocado and Soy Unsaponifiables in Osteoarthritis |
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261 | (12) |
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1 Clinical Studies Involving ASU in Osteoarthritis |
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265 | (5) |
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270 | (3) |
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17 Current Review on Mangosteen Usages in Antiinflammation and Other Related Disorders |
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273 | (18) |
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275 | (3) |
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2 Mangosteen Compounds as Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs |
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278 | (3) |
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3 Effects Against Neurological Disorders |
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281 | (1) |
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4 Effects Against Arthritis |
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282 | (2) |
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5 Effects Against Cancer Development |
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284 | (1) |
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6 Effects Against Dental Problems |
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285 | (1) |
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7 Effects Against Digestive Disorders |
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285 | (1) |
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8 Effects on Dermal and Muscular Conditions |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (4) |
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Section D Nutraceuticals and Herbs in Modifications of Arthritis |
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291 | (164) |
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18 Role of Flavonoids in Management of Inflammatory Disorders |
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293 | (30) |
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294 | (3) |
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2 Flavonoids and Inflammation-Mediated Chronic Disorders |
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297 | (3) |
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3 Mechanism of Flavonoids in Inflammatory Disorders |
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300 | (4) |
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4 Bioavailability of Flavonoids |
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304 | (1) |
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5 Major Flavonoids Reported for Inflammatory Disorders |
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305 | (10) |
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6 Conclusion and Perspectives |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (7) |
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19 Nawarathne Kalka: Antiinflammatory Actions and Potential Usage for Arthritic Conditions |
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323 | (20) |
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Diyathi Tharindhi Karunaratne |
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323 | (1) |
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2 Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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324 | (1) |
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3 Role Played by the AA Metabolism Pathway on Inflammation |
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325 | (1) |
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4 Specifications for Nawarathna Kalka |
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326 | (11) |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (6) |
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20 Naringenin: A Promising Flavonoid for Herbal Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Associated Inflammatory Disorders |
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343 | (12) |
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343 | (2) |
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2 Effect of Naringenin on COX |
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345 | (1) |
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3 Effect of Naringenin on LPS-Stimulated Nitric Oxide (NO) Production |
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345 | (3) |
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4 Effect of Naringenin on TNF-α |
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348 | (2) |
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5 Effect of Naringenin on the NF-κB Pathway |
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350 | (3) |
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6 Effect of Naringenin on Dendritic Cell Maturation |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (2) |
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21 Endophytic Fungi as a New Source of Antirheumatoid Metabolites |
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355 | (30) |
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355 | (2) |
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2 What is Meant by Inflammation and Cell Molecular Signaling? |
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357 | (1) |
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3 Natural Products From Plants Against Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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357 | (1) |
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4 Higher Fungi as Source of Antiinflammatory |
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358 | (1) |
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5 Antiinflammatory Activity of Higher Fungi |
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359 | (2) |
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6 Why Do We Study Endophytic Fungi? |
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361 | (2) |
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7 Endophytic Fungi as a Tool for Conservation of Higher Plants |
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363 | (1) |
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8 Antiinflammatory Activity of Endophytic Fungi |
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364 | (1) |
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9 Antirheumatoid Activity of Endophytic Fungi |
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365 | (1) |
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10 How to Study Antirheumatoid Activity of Endophytic Fungi? |
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366 | (2) |
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11 Egyptian Endophytic as a Promising Source of Antirheumatoid-Producing Taxa |
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368 | (1) |
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12 Chaetomium globosum KC811080 as a Promising Antirheumatoid Producer |
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369 | (7) |
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376 | (1) |
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376 | (9) |
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22 Herbal Formulations and Their Bioactive Components as Dietary Supplements for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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385 | (16) |
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385 | (1) |
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2 Currently Prescribed Drugs for Treating RA |
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386 | (1) |
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3 Herbal Formulations as Therapeutics for Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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386 | (6) |
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4 Bioactive Components in Herbal Extracts With Antiinflammatory Action Against RA |
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392 | (1) |
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392 | (3) |
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395 | (1) |
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395 | (6) |
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23 The Potential of Plants of the Genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) for the Prevention and Treatment of Arthritic and Autoimmune Diseases |
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401 | (24) |
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401 | (6) |
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2 Autoimmune Inflammatory Disease Etiology and Progression |
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407 | (4) |
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3 The Genus Syzygium as Natural Medicines |
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411 | (6) |
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417 | (1) |
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417 | (8) |
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24 Curcumin: An Antiinflammatory Compound From Turmeric and Its Role in Alleviating Arthritis |
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425 | (12) |
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425 | (1) |
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2 Curcumin---A Boon for the Arthritis Patient |
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426 | (1) |
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3 Curcumin From Laboratory to Clinical Trials |
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427 | (1) |
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4 Curcumin as a Regulator of the Arthritis Signaling Pathway |
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428 | (2) |
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5 Concomitant Effect of Arthritis Drugs With Curcumin |
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430 | (1) |
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6 Arthritis Treatment With Curcumin Nanoparticles |
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431 | (1) |
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7 Curcumin Analogs and Derivatives in Arthritis Treatment |
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431 | (1) |
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432 | (5) |
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25 Nuclear Factor Kappa B Inhibition as a Therapeutic Target of Nutraceuticals in Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, and Related Inflammation |
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437 | (18) |
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437 | (1) |
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438 | (1) |
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3 NF-kB Mediator in Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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438 | (2) |
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440 | (1) |
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5 Herbals With Potential Antiarthritic Activities via NF-κB |
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441 | (5) |
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6 Nutraceuticals Target the NF-κB Pathway in Arthritis |
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446 | (2) |
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448 | (1) |
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448 | (7) |
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Section E Plants Extracts and Compounds in Arthritis |
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455 | (134) |
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26 The Beneficial Role of Rutin, A Naturally Occurring Flavonoid in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention: A Systematic Review and Update |
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457 | (24) |
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457 | (1) |
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2 Biosynthesis of Flavonoidal Compounds |
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458 | (1) |
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3 Pharmacological Importance of Flavonoidal Compounds |
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458 | (2) |
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4 Metabolism of Flavonoids |
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460 | (1) |
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5 Biological Sources of Rutin |
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460 | (1) |
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6 Medicinal Importance of Rutin |
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461 | (1) |
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7 Pharmacological Activities of Rutin |
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461 | (11) |
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472 | (1) |
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473 | (1) |
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Conflict of Interest Statement |
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474 | (1) |
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474 | (7) |
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27 Ocimum basilicum L.: Antiinflammatory Actions and Potential Usage for Arthritic Conditions |
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481 | (8) |
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Luis Flavio Souza de Oliveira |
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481 | (1) |
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2 Basil (O. basilicum L.) |
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482 | (1) |
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3 Isolated Compounds in Basil |
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482 | (1) |
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4 Immunological and Antiinflammatory Activities |
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483 | (1) |
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5 Biological Activity of Basil |
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483 | (1) |
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484 | (1) |
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484 | (1) |
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485 | (1) |
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485 | (4) |
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28 Antiinflammatory Properties of Schinus terebinthifolius and Its Use in Arthritic Conditions |
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489 | (18) |
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Maria das Gracas Henriques |
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489 | (1) |
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2 Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi---Nomenclature, Folk Medicine, and Chemical Properties |
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490 | (3) |
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3 Ethnopharmacological and Pharmacological Properties |
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493 | (1) |
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494 | (3) |
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497 | (1) |
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497 | (1) |
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498 | (1) |
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499 | (1) |
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499 | (1) |
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500 | (1) |
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500 | (7) |
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29 Hemidesmus indicus and Usage for Arthritic Conditions |
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507 | (16) |
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507 | (1) |
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2 Importance of Herbal Medicines |
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508 | (1) |
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3 Present-Day Scenario for Herbal Medicines |
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508 | (1) |
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509 | (2) |
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5 Therapeutic Evidence of H. indicus |
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511 | (1) |
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6 Conventional Treatment: NSAIDs |
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512 | (1) |
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7 Alternative Treatment: Natural Sources |
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513 | (1) |
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8 Protective Effect of Tissue Necrosis |
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514 | (2) |
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516 | (1) |
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516 | (7) |
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30 Phyllanthus spp. as a Potential Alternative Treatment for Arthritic Conditions |
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523 | (12) |
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523 | (2) |
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2 Methods of Evaluating Antiarthritic Properties In Vitro and In Vivo |
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525 | (1) |
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3 Antiarthritic Potential of Phyllanthus |
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525 | (6) |
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531 | (1) |
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531 | (4) |
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31 Purple Willow (Salix purpurea L.) and Its Potential Uses for the Treatment of Arthritis and Rheumatism |
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535 | (18) |
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535 | (3) |
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2 Pharmacological Activity of Willow Bark |
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538 | (4) |
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3 The Potential of S. purpurea Bark for Rheumatism Treatment |
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542 | (4) |
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546 | (2) |
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548 | (5) |
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32 Methylsulfonylmethane: Antiinflammatory Actions and Usage for Arthritic Conditions |
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553 | (22) |
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553 | (3) |
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556 | (2) |
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3 Overview of Mechanisms of MSM Actions |
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558 | (1) |
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559 | (1) |
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5 Combating Inflammation and Arthritic Symptoms |
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560 | (7) |
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567 | (1) |
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567 | (8) |
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33 Therapeutic Potential of Thymoquinone in Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Related Autoimmune Diseases |
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575 | (14) |
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575 | (9) |
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2 Thymoquinone Against Rheumatoid and Autoimmune Diseases |
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584 | (3) |
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587 | (2) |
Index |
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589 | |