National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Water Science and Technology Board, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Committee on Modernizing Probable Maximum Precipitat
For more than 75 years, high-hazard structures in the U.S., including dams and nuclear power plants, have been engineered to withstand floods resulting from the most unlikely but possible precipitation, termed Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP). F...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Committee on Independent Study on Potential Environ
In response to the buildup of U.S. and Russian nuclear arsenals during the Cold War, a series of major scientific studies conducted in the 1980s issued warnings about the potential for a nuclear winter scenario - the possibility that a large-scale...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Environmental Change and Society, Board on Atmospheric Sciences
Atypical weather events, such as extreme tropical cyclones, pose substantial threats to life, property and livelihoods in the U.S. and worldwide. Despite major advances in forecasting capabilities, communicating about extreme weather events with dec...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Water Science and Technology Board, Board on Earth Sciences and Resources, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Lyly Luhachack-
Earth systems science aims to discover and integrate knowledge on the structure, nature, and scales of interactions among natural (e.g., physical, chemical, and biological) and social (e.g., cultural, socioeconomic, and geopolitical) processes. Clim...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Earth Sciences and Resources, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Committee on Tipping Points, Cascading Impacts, a
Earth is a complex system, with myriad interactions and feedbacks among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere, as well as the people, institutions, and technologies that respond to and influence these dynamics. A systems-...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Water Science and Technology Board, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Committee on Modernizing Probable Maximum Precipitat
For more than 75 years, high-hazard structures in the U.S., including dams and nuclear power plants, have been engineered to withstand floods resulting from the most unlikely but possible precipitation, termed Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP). F...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Polar Research Board, Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Committee on Greenh
Climate change is fundamentally changing ecosystems and their fire conditions, and the 2023 fire season highlighted the urgency of developing and implementing solutions to address wildland fires. Wildland fires transfer carbon between the land and t...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, National Academy of Engineering, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Board
Across multiple domains of science, engineering, and medicine, excitement is growing about the potential of digital twins to transform scientific research, industrial practices, and many aspects of daily life. A digital twin couples computational mo...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Environmental Change and Society, Board on Atmospheric Sciences
Roughly every four years, the U.S. Global Change Research Program produces a congressionally mandated assessment of global change science and the impacts, adaptation, and mitigation of climate change in the United States. The draft Fifth National Cl...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Committee on Development of a Framework for Evaluating Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inf
Climate change, driven by increases in human-produced greenhouse gases and particles (collectively referred to as GHGs), is the most serious environmental issue facing society. The need to reduce GHGs has become urgent as heat waves, heavy rain even...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Environmental Change and Society, Board on Atmospheric Sciences
More intense heat waves, extended wildfire seasons and other escalating impacts of climate change have made it more important than ever to fill knowledge gaps that improve societys understanding, assessment, and response to global change. The US Gl...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, April Melvin
Wildland fires pose a growing threat to air quality and human health. Fire is a natural part of many landscapes, but the extent of area burned and the severity of fires have been increasing, concurrent with human movement into previously uninhabited...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Polar Research Board, Ocean Studies Board, Board on Earth Sciences and Resources, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate
Sediments, ice, corals, and trees are just some of the natural storehouses of information that help tell the complicated history of Earths climate. Paleoclimate researchers use these proxies, in combination with numerical models, to gain understa...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Environmental Change and Society, Board on Atmospheric Sciences
The US Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) is a collection of 13 Federal entities charged by law to assist the United States and the world to understand, assess, predict, and respond to human-induced and natural processes of global change. Globa...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Space Studies Board, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Committee on Futu
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and other U.S. science research agencies operate a fleet of research aircraft and other airborne platforms that offer diverse capabilities. To inform NASAs future investments in airborne plat...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Policy and Global Affairs, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Committee on Science, Technology, and Law, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Committee on De...
Climate change is creating impacts that are widespread and severe for individuals, communities, economies, and ecosystems around the world. While efforts to reduce emissions and adapt to climate impacts are the first line of defense, researchers ar...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Committee for the Review of the BOEM "Air Quality Modeling in the Gulf of Mexico" Study
Emissions associated with oil and gas exploration, development, and production on the Gulf waters can result in increased levels of air pollutants that contribute to a range of air quality impacts in the Gulf of Mexico Region (GOMR). Criteria air p...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Ocean Studies Board, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Lauren Everett
Improved observations of the atmospheric boundary layer (BL) and its interactions with the ocean, land, and ice surfaces have great potential to advance science on a number of fronts, from improving forecasts of severe storms and air quality to cons...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Environmental Change and Society, Board on Atmospheric Sciences
Climate change poses many challenges that affect society and the natural world. With these challenges, however, come opportunities to respond. By taking steps to adapt to and mitigate climate change, the risks to society and the impacts of continued...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Committee to Review the Draft Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report
The second State of the Climate Cycle Report (SOCCR2) aims to elucidate the fundamental physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the carbon cycle and to discuss the challenges of accounting for all major carbon stocks and flows for the North...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Ocean Studies Board, Committee on Sustaining Ocean Observations to Understand Future Cha
The ocean is an integral component of the Earths climate system. It covers about 70 of the Earths surface and acts as its primary reservoir of heat and carbon, absorbing over 90 of the surplus heat and about 30 of the carbon dioxide associated...Lasīt vairāk
