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11 | (4) |
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15 | (18) |
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15 | (10) |
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1.2 Research questions and hypotheses |
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25 | (3) |
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1.3 Overview of the following chapters |
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28 | (5) |
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PART I Transitivization, Reaction Objects and Construction Grammar |
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2 The Process Of Transitivization In The History Of English |
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33 | (24) |
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2.1 Old and Modern English valency |
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33 | (7) |
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2.2 The rise of double-functioned or amphibious verbs |
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40 | (4) |
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2.3 Causes of the process of transitivization: Visser's proposal |
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44 | (11) |
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2.3.1 Loss of OE transitivizing/causativizing affixes (be-, ge-, Gmc -jl-i) |
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45 | (1) |
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2.3.1.1 The prefix be- (Marchand 1969) |
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45 | (2) |
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2.3.1.2 The prefix ge- (Lindemann 1970) |
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47 | (1) |
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2.3.1.3 The Germanic suffix *-(i)ja- (Garcia Garcia 2012) |
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48 | (2) |
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2.3.2 Inflectional syncretism followed by reanalysis of the dative/genitive complement |
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50 | (2) |
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2.3.3 Twofold interpretation of be + past participle: Perfect and passive |
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52 | (2) |
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2.3.4 Changes in the complementation patterns of intransitive verbs normally construed with a prepositional object |
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54 | (1) |
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2.3.5 Use of verbs expressing human and animal sounds and other verbs such as smirk, smile and persist as if they were synonyms of say |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (2) |
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3 Reaction Objects: Review Of The Literature |
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57 | (42) |
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3.1 The object in descriptive reference grammars |
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57 | (21) |
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3.1.1 Historical grammars |
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57 | (1) |
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3.1.1.1 Otto Jespersen (1909--1949) |
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57 | (11) |
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3.1.1.2 F. Th. Visser (1963--1973) |
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68 | (3) |
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3.1.2 Contemporary grammars |
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71 | (1) |
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3.1.2.1 Quirk et al. (1985) |
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71 | (2) |
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3.1.2.2 Huddleston and Pullum et al. (2002) |
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73 | (4) |
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77 | (1) |
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3.2 Reaction object constructions and other related object types |
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78 | (21) |
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3.2.1 Nonprototypical objects |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (2) |
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83 | (6) |
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89 | (8) |
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97 | (2) |
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4 Construction Grammar: Synchronic And Diachronic Perspectives |
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99 | (28) |
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4.1 Cognitive Linguistics and Construction Grammar |
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99 | (2) |
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4.2 The origins of Construction Grammar |
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101 | (4) |
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4.2.1 From idioms to Construction Grammar |
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101 | (4) |
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4.3 Construction grammars: Common grounds |
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105 | (8) |
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4.3.1 Grammatical constructions |
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105 | (3) |
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4.3.2 Surface generalizations |
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108 | (1) |
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4.3.3 A network of constructions |
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109 | (1) |
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4.3.4 Crosslinguistic variability and generalization |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (2) |
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4.4 Construction Grammar and language change |
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113 | (9) |
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4.4.1 Defining constructional change |
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113 | (4) |
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4.4.2 Dynamic network of constructions: Links, gains, losses and reconfigurations |
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117 | (5) |
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122 | (5) |
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PART II Hands-On with Data: A Usage-Based Approach to the History of the ROC |
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127 | (78) |
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5.1 Characterization of the ROC |
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127 | (22) |
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5.1.1 The modern reaction object construction: An overview |
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127 | (12) |
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5.1.2 The reaction object construction in the network of English constructions |
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139 | (10) |
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5.2 On the emergence of the ROC |
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149 | (56) |
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149 | (1) |
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5.2.1.1 Jespersen (1909--1949) |
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149 | (1) |
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5.2.1.2 Visser (1963--1973) |
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149 | (3) |
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152 | (2) |
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154 | (32) |
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186 | (9) |
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5.2.3.1 The ROC and the cognate object construction |
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195 | (4) |
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5.2.3.2 The ROC and the way-construction |
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199 | (4) |
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5.2.3.3 The ROC and the dummy it object construction |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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6 Development Of The Roc In British English |
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205 | (64) |
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6.1 Data sources and methodology |
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206 | (7) |
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6.2 Frequency of occurrence and prototypical verbs in the construction |
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213 | (11) |
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6.2.1 A collexeme analysis of ROCs: Identifying typical verbs in the construction |
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216 | (1) |
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6.2.1.1 Some methodological considerations |
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216 | (3) |
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6.2.1.2 Results and discussion |
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219 | (4) |
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223 | (1) |
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6.3 Distribution and function |
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224 | (45) |
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6.3.1 Distribution of reaction objects across verb classes |
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224 | (1) |
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6.3.1.1 Verbs of manner of speaking |
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224 | (13) |
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6.3.1.2 Verbs of nonverbal communication |
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237 | (2) |
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239 | (4) |
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243 | (1) |
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6.3.1.2.3 The verbs wave, frown, snort and wink |
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244 | (2) |
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6.3.1.2.4 The verbs sigh, sob, weep, grin and laugh |
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246 | (2) |
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6.3.1.2.5 Structural variation with nod and wave |
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248 | (6) |
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6.3.2 Diachronic distribution |
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254 | (1) |
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6.3.3 Textual distribution |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (5) |
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6.3.3.2 Narrative fiction |
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260 | (4) |
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264 | (5) |
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7 Development Of The Roc In American English |
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269 | (38) |
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7.1 Data sources and methodology |
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270 | (14) |
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7.2 Frequency and distribution |
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284 | (3) |
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7.3 Productivity of the ROC and the way-construction |
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287 | (20) |
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307 | (20) |
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8.1 The reaction object construction |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (6) |
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8.3 Writing the history of the ROC: A proposal of when, how and why the ROC develops |
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314 | (6) |
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8.4 Theoretical implications and suggestions for further research |
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320 | (7) |
List of Figures |
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327 | (4) |
List of Tables |
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331 | (4) |
Summary |
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335 | (2) |
List of References |
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337 | (32) |
Author's Bio |
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369 | |