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E-grāmata: China's Energy Economy: Situation, Reforms, Behavior, and Energy Intensity

  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Sērija : Lecture Notes in Energy 13
  • Izdošanas datums: 02-Feb-2012
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783642258879
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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Sērija : Lecture Notes in Energy 13
  • Izdošanas datums: 02-Feb-2012
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783642258879

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In the new millennium, understanding China's energy economy is crucial for politicians, businesspeople and energy economists, as China's energy policy choices will mean both challenges and opportunities for the world in terms of an increasing share of primary energy consumption and investment. This book initially reviews the literature on China's energy economy and in so doing reveals that many important areas have been overlooked or are outdated in their coverage. Given the size of China and its global importance, the book then review s China's current energy situation and fills the gaps in the literature for those who are interested in and concerned about China's economic development and energy reform in the new millennium.   The book is different from previous studies in several important ways: Firstly, it presents recent,  pioneering research rather than a simple textbook, several sections of which have been published in high-quality energy journals. Secondly, the book first subdivides China's energy intensity change into aspects of budget constraint, technological change, factor substitution, energy demand and economic growth using a newly developed econometric approach. Thirdly, it provides many new and different econometric findings and derives many new policy implications for China's energy economy. And lastly, it brings to light a wealth of new knowledge for those who are interested in China's energy economy, the world energy market and global environmental and climate change issues.

This book presents pioneering research on China's energy economy, using a new econometric approach to assess budget constraints, technological change, energy demand and economic growth. Provides new econometric findings and derives new policy implications.
1 Introduction
1(14)
1.1 The Motivations for This Study
1(5)
1.1.1 The Importance of China's Energy Economy
1(4)
1.1.2 China's Energy Economics Is Still in Its Transition
5(1)
1.1.3 The Importance of Understanding China's Energy Economy
5(1)
1.2 The Foci of This Study
6(1)
1.3 The Motivation for Each Topic
6(6)
1.3.1 A Survey of the Literature
6(1)
1.3.2 China's Energy Situation in the New Millennium
7(1)
1.3.3 Energy Reforms and Market Development
7(1)
1.3.4 Tests for the Emergence of an Energy Market
7(1)
1.3.5 Factor Substitution and the Demand for Energy
8(1)
1.3.6 The Changes and Determinants of Energy Intensity
9(3)
1.4 Organization of the Study
12(1)
1.5 Published Work
13(2)
2 A Survey of the Literature
15(34)
2.1 The Topics to Be Reviewed and the Approaches to Be Used
15(1)
2.1.1 The Topics to Be Reviewed
15(1)
2.1.2 The Organizing Approaches Used in This Survey
16(1)
2.2 Economic Growth and Energy Consumption
16(9)
2.2.1 What Do Existing Surveys of the Literature Show?
16(2)
2.2.2 What Can Be Learnt from This Survey?
18(5)
2.2.3 Why Do the Results Differ?
23(2)
2.3 The Changes in Energy Intensity of China
25(9)
2.3.1 The Definition of Energy Intensity
26(1)
2.3.2 The Methods Used to Decompose Energy Intensity
26(2)
2.3.3 What Can Be Learnt from Existing Studies?
28(5)
2.3.4 Some Observations
33(1)
2.4 Substitution of and Demand for Energy
34(5)
2.4.1 The Existing Studies
34(3)
2.4.2 Some Observations
37(2)
2.5 Energy Price Convergence in China
39(1)
2.5.1 The Importance of Energy Price Convergence
39(1)
2.5.2 An Area Where Less Research Has Been Undertaken
39(1)
2.5.3 Where More Work Needs to Be Done
40(1)
2.6 The Reforms in China's Energy Industry
40(3)
2.6.1 The Reforms of the Regulatory System
41(1)
2.6.2 The Reforms of Pricing Deregulation
42(1)
2.6.3 Some Observations and Conclusions
42(1)
2.7 Main Findings of the Existing Studies
43(6)
3 China's Energy Situation in the New Millennium
49(36)
3.1 An Historical Perspective of China's Energy Situation
49(2)
3.2 China's Energy Resources
51(5)
3.2.1 Coal Reserves
52(1)
3.2.2 Petroleum Reserves
52(1)
3.2.3 Natural Gas Reserves
53(1)
3.2.4 Renewable Energy
54(2)
3.3 Energy Industry Regulation
56(1)
3.4 Capacity Building in the Energy Sector
56(2)
3.5 Energy Transportation
58(4)
3.6 Energy Pricing Mechanisms
62(1)
3.7 Energy Efficiency
63(5)
3.8 Energy Supply, Demand and Trade
68(7)
3.8.1 Primary Energy Supply and Demand
68(5)
3.8.2 Electricity Supply and Demand
73(1)
3.8.3 Energy Trade Patterns
73(2)
3.9 Renewable Energy Laws, Programs and Policy
75(4)
3.9.1 Unfavorable Energy Situation
75(1)
3.9.2 Renewable Energy Laws and Regulations
75(1)
3.9.3 Renewable Energy Research and Programs
76(1)
3.9.4 Renewable Energy Development Policies
77(2)
3.10 Looking Ahead: Challenges and Opportunities
79(6)
3.10.1 Factors Affecting Energy Demand
79(2)
3.10.2 Factors Affecting Energy Supply
81(4)
4 Methods and Estimation
85(16)
4.1 Univariate Unit Root Tests
86(1)
4.2 Panel Unit Root and Cointegration Tests
87(4)
4.3 The Second Order Translog Cost Function
91(1)
4.4 Aggregate Energy Price Index
92(1)
4.5 Elasticities of Substitution and Demand
93(1)
4.6 Assumptions for Regional Dummy Variables
94(2)
4.7 Estimation Procedure
96(1)
4.8 Model Specification Tests
96(2)
4.9 Decomposition of Energy Intensity
98(3)
5 Data Description
101(24)
5.1 The Importance of Data
101(1)
5.2 Energy Prices
102(1)
5.3 Energy Consumption
103(4)
5.4 Factor Inputs
107(5)
5.5 Output and Deflator
112(2)
5.6 Cost Series Construction
114(11)
5.6.1 Total Factor Cost Series
114(1)
5.6.2 Total Energy Cost Series
115(10)
6 Energy Reforms and Changing Prices
125(16)
6.1 Changing Energy Regulation in China
125(5)
6.1.1 The Previous Regulatory System
125(1)
6.1.2 The Emergence of a New Regulatory System
126(2)
6.1.3 Deregulation of Specific Sectors
128(2)
6.2 Reforms of the Energy Pricing Mechanism
130(3)
6.2.1 The Features of Energy Reforms
130(1)
6.2.2 Evolution of Energy Price Policies
131(2)
6.3 The Changes in Energy Prices
133(2)
6.3.1 Historical Observations
134(1)
6.3.2 Observations Across Provinces
134(1)
6.4 Reconciling Energy Reforms and Price Changes
135(6)
7 Factor Substitution and the Demand for Energy
141(22)
7.1 Estimates for the Aggregate Economy
141(8)
7.1.1 Inter-factor Substitution and Demand
141(4)
7.1.2 Inter-fuel Substitution and Demand
145(4)
7.2 Estimates for the Regional Aggregate Economy
149(3)
7.2.1 Inter-factor Substitution and Demand
149(3)
7.2.2 Inter-fuel Substitution and Demand
152(1)
7.3 Estimates for the National Industrial Economy
152(7)
7.3.1 Inter-factor Substitution and Demand
154(2)
7.3.2 Inter-fuel Substitution and Demand
156(3)
7.4 Further Discussion
159(1)
7.5 Conclusions and Implications
160(3)
8 Technological Change and the Decomposition of Energy Intensity
163(8)
8.1 Decomposition for the Aggregate Economy
163(1)
8.2 Decomposition in the Industrial Economy
164(1)
8.3 A Comparison of Decompositions Between the Two Sectors
165(2)
8.4 Further Discussion
167(3)
8.5 Conclusions and Implications
170(1)
9 Gradual Reforms and the Emergence of Energy Market
171(40)
9.1 Spatial Price Trends
171(10)
9.1.1 Coal
172(2)
9.1.2 Gasoline
174(3)
9.1.3 Diesel
177(2)
9.1.4 Electricity
179(2)
9.2 Unit Root Tests
181(14)
9.2.1 The ADF Unit Root Tests
181(9)
9.2.2 Panel Unit Root Tests
190(5)
9.3 Inter-fuel Price Trends and Cointegration Tests
195(14)
9.3.1 Inter-fuel Price Trends
195(9)
9.3.2 Panel Cointegration Tests
204(5)
9.4 Comparisons with Other Studies
209(1)
9.5 Conclusions and Implications
209(2)
10 Conclusions and Implications
211(8)
10.1 Main Findings and Conclusions
211(1)
10.2 An International Perspective on Energy Markets
212(2)
10.2.1 The Energy Industry as a Special Case?
212(1)
10.2.2 Market vs. Regulation?
213(1)
10.2.3 Why Regulate the Energy Sector More Than Others?
213(1)
10.2.4 How to Evaluate China's Energy Reforms?
214(1)
10.3 Policy Implications
214(2)
10.4 Policy Directions
216(1)
10.5 Some Future Work
217(2)
Appendices 219(36)
References 255