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E-grāmata: Climate Displacement in Mexico: Towards Vulnerable Population Protection

  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 12-Nov-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783031103353
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Climate Displacement in Mexico: Towards Vulnerable Population ProtectionPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 12-Nov-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783031103353
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This book presents the updated results of an investigation carried out in 2019. The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) 's Climate Change Research Program (PINCC) funded the research coordinated by Armelle Gouritin. The research aims to answer the following questions: Do the Mexican legal  framework and public policies address forced internal climate mobility? If not, what could be the elements of a legal framework and public policies to address the phenomenon? As we approached the phenomenon, we felt the phenomenon was extremely  complex and entailed numerous tensions that would generate other questions throughout the research process. 


Climate forced internal displacement is projected to be a huge-scale phenomenon in Mexico. Against this background, the book provides the first critical diagnosis of the Mexican current politico-legal Mexican framework and finds it is lagging behind in terms of prevention and attention. The book analyses the three-level Mexican governance (federal, state and local  levels) and identifies serious loopholes according to a rights-based approach that more  particularly focuses on women, indigenous peoples, and persons and communities with scarce economic resources. The results inform up-coming legislative and political processes and provide benchmarks that can be applied in other case-studies, including other national frameworks’ critical analysis.

1 Examining the Phenomenon: The Link Between Migration and Climate Change
1(38)
Armelle Gouritin
1.1 Internal Forced Climate Migration in Mexico
1(2)
1.2 Typology: Six Scenarios that Generate Climate Internal Forced Migration
3(8)
1.2.1 Sudden-Onset Disasters
4(1)
1.2.2 Slow-Onset Phenomena
5(2)
1.2.3 "Sinking" Islands and Coasts
7(1)
1.2.4 Areas Designated Unsuitable for Human Settlement
8(1)
1.2.5 Conflicts or Violence Caused by the Scarcity of Natural Resources
9(1)
1.2.6 "Development Projects" Related to Renewable Energies
10(1)
1.3 Particularly Vulnerable Populations
11(7)
1.3.1 People with Limited Economic Resources
12(1)
1.3.2 Indigenous Peoples
13(4)
1.3.3 Women
17(1)
1.4 Definition and Criteria
18(9)
1.4.1 Internal Migration
19(1)
1.4.2 Climate Migration
19(5)
1.4.3 Criteria to Assess the Forced Character
24(3)
1.5 Conclusion
27(12)
References
28(11)
2 Analytical Grid: Territory and Human Rights
39(54)
Armelle Gouritin
2.1 The Territory: Elements of Analysis and Challenges
39(9)
2.1.1 Notion of Territory
39(1)
2.1.2 The Territory as a Unit of Analysis
40(2)
2.1.3 Challenges for Origin and Destination Territories
42(4)
2.1.4 Particular Challenges for Cities and Indigenous Peoples
46(2)
2.2 Introduction to the Protection Requirements
48(4)
2.2.1 Challenges When Establishing the Protection Requirements
48(2)
2.2.2 Deficiencies Within the International and Regional Legal Panorama
50(2)
2.3 The Differentiated Rights-Based Approach
52(20)
2.3.1 A Rights-Based Approach
52(2)
2.3.2 A Differentiated Approach
54(8)
2.3.3 Legal Basis
62(10)
2.4 An Environmental Rights Approach
72(9)
2.4.1 Contributions of Environmental Rights to the Protection Requirements
72(2)
2.4.2 Environmental Rights: Content and Legal Foundations
74(3)
2.4.3 Environmental Rights' Potential: A Panorama
77(4)
2.5 Conclusion
81(12)
References
82(11)
3 Shortcomings of Legal Frameworks and Public Policies
93(52)
Armelle Gouritin
3.1 State-of-the-Art: The Shortcomings of Current Academic Knowledge
93(3)
3.2 Deficiencies in the Mexican Legislative Framework
96(18)
3.2.1 Critical Analysis of Mexican Norms at Federal Level
96(9)
3.2.2 Shortcomings of the 2020 Draft General Law to Prevent, Address, and Comprehensively Repair Internal Displacement
105(4)
3.2.3 Critical Assessment of the Legislative Frameworks at State Level: Chiapas and Guerrero
109(5)
3.3 Public Policy Instruments: Main Shortcomings
114(17)
3.3.1 National Instruments That Address Climate Change
114(10)
3.3.2 Federal Planning Instruments: Territorial and Ecological Development and Planning
124(4)
3.3.3 The Specific Case of Federal Instruments that Address Sudden-Onset Disasters
128(3)
3.4 Conclusion
131(14)
References
137(8)
4 Shortcomings at the Sub-national Level: Illustration with the State of Tabasco
145(38)
Armelle Gouritin
Jose Antonio Leon Mella
4.1 Sub-national Public Policy Instruments and Internal Forced Climate Mobility: A Critical Stance
146(6)
4.1.1 Climate Policy Instruments
147(1)
4.1.2 Territorial and Ecological Planning
148(2)
4.1.3 State Development Plan 2019-2024
150(1)
4.1.4 Risk Management Instruments
151(1)
4.2 The 2007 Flood and Women in the Centra Municipality
152(10)
4.2.1 Presentation of the 2007 Flood and 2011 Operational Guidelines
153(1)
4.2.2 Diagnosis of the Centra Municipality's Instruments
154(3)
4.2.3 Case Study: The 2007 Flood
157(5)
4.3 Sea-Level Rise Scenario and Chontal People in the Centla Municipality
162(13)
4.3.1 Analysis Framework
162(6)
4.3.2 Shortcomings of Municipal Instruments
168(7)
4.4 Conclusion
175(8)
References
176(7)
5 Addressing the Phenomenon in Mexico: Risks from the Protection Requirements Perspective
183(22)
Armelle Gouritin
5.1 Recognizing Forced Internal Climate Migrants
184(2)
5.1.1 The Necessary Recognition
184(1)
5.1.2 Risks Associated with the Recognition
185(1)
5.2 Facilitating and Organizing the Relocation of Migrants
186(8)
5.2.1 Relocation and Climate Mobility Scenarios
186(1)
5.2.2 Risks Associated with Forced Relocation
187(3)
5.2.3 Very High Risks in Mexico
190(4)
5.3 Preventive and Reactive Adaptation Measures
194(7)
5.3.1 Resilience Strengthening to Prevent Mobility
194(5)
5.3.2 Celebrating Forced Mobility as a Successful Reactive Adaptation
199(2)
5.4 Initial Thoughts on How to Overcome the Risks and Articulate the Solutions
201(3)
5.5 Conclusion
204(1)
References 205(10)
General Conclusion 215
Armelle Gouritin is a lawyer. She is a Conacyt Professor commissioned to Flacso México since November 2016. Her research agenda is mainly dedicated to environmental law with a focus on international law, regional law and environmental responsibility; and the link between human rights and environmental protection. In her books, chapters and articles she formulates legal and public policy proposals. Her research projects place special emphasis on the integration of human rights and environmental responsibility to achieve environmental justice (distributive, procedural and corrective). She has critically investigated the link between human rights and environmental protection with respect to environmental responsibility (approach: international, inter-American and European Union law); the link between human rights, damage caused by hydrocarbons, climate change, environmental risks generated by new technologies, and biodiversity (anthropocentric and eco-centered approach). Another area of research is the special situation of indigenous peoples and their environmental rights.

Dr. Gouritin has carried out studies for consultancies, NGOs, and public institutions on climate change (in Mexico), the rights of children with disabilities (in France), the prohibition of hate speech (in France), environmental responsibility (for the European Commission), and environmental rights (in Europe).  She has a degree in Public International Law from the University of Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, with master's degrees in International Law from the Free University of Brussels and in Human Rights from the Saint Louis University (Brussels). She has a doctorate in Law from the Free University of Brussels.
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