Preface |
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xi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xiv | |
About the Authors |
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xvi | |
Part I Foundations |
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Chapter 1 Legal Foundations |
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1 | (29) |
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2 | (1) |
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Courts and Their Importance |
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2 | (3) |
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2 | (1) |
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Courts in American Government |
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3 | (2) |
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Legal Basis for the Courts |
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5 | (5) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (6) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (4) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (9) |
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17 | (4) |
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Courts In The News: Texas Sues The United States To Block Syrian Refugees |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (11) |
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Courts In The News: The Jodi Arias Murder Trial |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (3) |
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Chapter 2 Who Controls the Courts? |
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30 | (23) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (6) |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (2) |
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36 | (2) |
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Courts In The News: Tan Yong And Li Yan: Domestic Violence And The Chinese Court System |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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Executive Appointment Process for the Judiciary |
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38 | (1) |
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Executive Presence in the Courts |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (2) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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Interpretation of Higher-Court Decisions |
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39 | (2) |
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Other Forms of Control over the Courts |
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41 | (7) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (2) |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (1) |
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Judicial Restraint and Activism |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (2) |
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50 | (3) |
Part II Types Of Courts |
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53 | (28) |
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54 | (1) |
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Brief History of the Federal Courts |
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54 | (4) |
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U.S. Constitution and the Courts |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (3) |
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Structure of the Federal Courts |
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58 | (11) |
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58 | (2) |
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60 | (4) |
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Courts In The News: Equal Protection In Sentencing: The Case Of Crack Cocaine |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (5) |
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Lasting Impact: District Of Columbia, Et Al. V. Dick Anthony Heller (2008) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (4) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (3) |
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Federal Judicial Administration and Caseloads |
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73 | (3) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (2) |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (3) |
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81 | (26) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (6) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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Contemporary State Courts |
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84 | (4) |
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88 | (5) |
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Limited Jurisdiction Courts |
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88 | (1) |
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General Jurisdiction Courts |
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89 | (1) |
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Intermediate Appellate Courts |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (3) |
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Courts In The News: New York State Courts Examined |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (5) |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (3) |
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Lasting Impact: Ewing V. California (2003) |
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96 | (2) |
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State Court Administration |
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98 | (1) |
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Administrative Office of the Courts |
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98 | (1) |
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Management of the Workload |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (3) |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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Public Support and Political Problems |
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100 | (2) |
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102 | (2) |
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104 | (3) |
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Chapter 5 Juvenile Courts |
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107 | (32) |
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108 | (1) |
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History of Juvenile Justice |
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109 | (9) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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Creation of American Juvenile Justice |
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110 | (8) |
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Lasting Impact: In Re Gault |
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116 | (2) |
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Juvenile Courts Today: Priorities, Organization, and Process |
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118 | (10) |
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118 | (2) |
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Lasting Impact: Roper V. Simmons |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (2) |
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122 | (6) |
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Courts In The News: Cyberbullying |
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123 | (4) |
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Courts In The News: The Steubenville Rape Case |
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127 | (1) |
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Treatment of Juveniles as Adults |
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128 | (2) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (2) |
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130 | (1) |
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Changing Landscape of Juvenile Justice |
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130 | (2) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (3) |
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135 | (4) |
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Chapter 6 Specialized Courts |
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139 | (28) |
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140 | (1) |
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Origins and Distinguishing Features of Specialized Courts |
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140 | (7) |
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Origins and Historical Milestones |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (5) |
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Courts In The News: Newark Youth Court |
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144 | (3) |
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Varieties of Specialized Courts |
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147 | (10) |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (2) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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Threats to and Keys to Success for Specialized Courts |
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157 | (4) |
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157 | (3) |
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Courts In The News: Special Veterans' Courts: Brooklyn's Treatment Program |
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158 | (2) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (2) |
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163 | (4) |
Part III The People Involved |
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167 | (33) |
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168 | (1) |
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The Judicial Role and Functions |
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168 | (10) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (3) |
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Courts In The News: Judicial Impartiality |
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170 | (2) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (3) |
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178 | (6) |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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Appointment Methods and Diversity on the Bench |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (2) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (3) |
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Professional Associations |
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184 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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Complaints about Judicial Conduct |
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185 | (1) |
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Judicial Ethical Dilemmas |
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186 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (3) |
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Personal Ideology and Attitudes |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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Courts In The News: Judicial Misconduct |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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Limits on Judicial Decisions |
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190 | (3) |
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Importance of Impartiality |
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190 | (1) |
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Decisions Limited to Actual Controversies |
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191 | (1) |
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No Involvement with Political Questions |
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192 | (1) |
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Laws Overturned on Narrow Grounds |
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192 | (1) |
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No Rulings on the Wisdom of Legislation |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (3) |
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196 | (4) |
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200 | (32) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (5) |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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Prosecution Throughout History |
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206 | (6) |
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Choices Shaping American Prosecution |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (3) |
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Lasting Impact: The Duke Rape Case: North Carolina State Bar V. Michael B. Nifong (2007) |
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210 | (2) |
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212 | (4) |
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212 | (2) |
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Alternatives to Traditional Prosecution |
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214 | (2) |
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Protections for Prosecutors |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (3) |
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Rules of Professional Conduct |
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217 | (2) |
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Courts In The News: Prosecutorial Misconduct |
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218 | (1) |
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Key Ethical Dilemmas for Prosecutors |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (4) |
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Office Structure and Organization |
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220 | (1) |
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Contrasting Goals and Styles |
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220 | (3) |
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223 | (1) |
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Threats and Violence against Prosecutors |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (3) |
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227 | (5) |
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Chapter 9 Defense Attorneys |
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232 | (26) |
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233 | (1) |
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The Function of Defense Attorneys |
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233 | (2) |
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Lasting Impact: McDonald V. Chicago: The Right To Bear Arms |
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234 | (1) |
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History of Criminal Defense |
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235 | (1) |
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Growth of the Criminal Defense Bar |
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235 | (1) |
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Criminal Defense Bar Today |
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236 | (1) |
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Types of Defense Attorneys |
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236 | (5) |
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Privately Retained Counsel |
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236 | (2) |
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238 | (3) |
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Defense Attorneys on the Job |
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241 | (3) |
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Craft of Defense Attorneys |
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241 | (2) |
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Courts In The News: Does Your Lawyer Make A Difference? |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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Myth of the Zealous Advocate |
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243 | (1) |
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Defense Attorneys, Their Clients, and the Public |
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244 | (4) |
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Defense Attorneys' Perceptions of Their Clients |
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245 | (1) |
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Defendants' Perceptions of Their Attorneys |
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245 | (1) |
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Public Perceptions of Defense Attorneys |
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246 | (1) |
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Defense Attorneys' Satisfaction with Their Work |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (3) |
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Ethical Dilemmas for the Defense |
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248 | (1) |
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Professional Organizations |
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248 | (1) |
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Codes of Ethics and Conduct |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (3) |
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254 | (4) |
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Chapter 10 Defendants and Victims: Their Roles and Rights |
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258 | (32) |
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259 | (1) |
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Defendant Characteristics |
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259 | (2) |
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Criminal Defendants' Rights |
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261 | (13) |
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261 | (6) |
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Lasting Impact: Gideon V. Wainwright (1963) |
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264 | (3) |
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267 | (5) |
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Courts In The News: Mental Incompetency Rulings: A Growing Problem For U.S. Courts |
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271 | (1) |
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Right to Compulsory Process |
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272 | (2) |
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The Defendant's Marginal Role |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (3) |
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Victim-Offender Relationships |
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275 | (1) |
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Victim Attitudes and Images |
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275 | (2) |
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Victim Involvement in the Court Process |
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277 | (8) |
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The Movement to Get Victims Involved |
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277 | (2) |
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Lasting Impact: Payne V. Tennessee (1991) |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (2) |
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Courts In The News: Helping Victims Who Cannot Help Themselves |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (4) |
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285 | (2) |
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287 | (3) |
Part IV The Court Process |
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Chapter 11 Pretrial Procedures |
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290 | (33) |
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291 | (1) |
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Arrest and Probable Cause |
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291 | (12) |
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292 | (3) |
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Courts In The News: Arresting A Rapist |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (1) |
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Fruit of the Poisonous Tree |
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296 | (2) |
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Courts In The News: Interrogating The Boston Marathon Bomber |
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297 | (1) |
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Arguments for and against the Exclusionary Rule |
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298 | (3) |
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Lasting Impact: Mapp V. Ohio (1961) |
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298 | (3) |
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Exceptions to the Exclusionary Rule |
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301 | (2) |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (5) |
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303 | (1) |
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Mechanisms for Release (or Continued Detention) |
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304 | (2) |
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306 | (2) |
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308 | (4) |
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Charging in Grand Jury Jurisdictions |
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308 | (2) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (3) |
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313 | (2) |
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315 | (4) |
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319 | (4) |
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Chapter 12 Plea Bargaining and Guilty Pleas |
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323 | (29) |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (8) |
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Definition of Plea Bargaining |
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325 | (2) |
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Courts In The News: Stephen Parks And His Coat Tax Scheme |
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326 | (1) |
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History and Rise of Plea Bargaining |
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327 | (1) |
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Arguments for and against Plea Bargaining |
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328 | (3) |
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Courts In The News: Linda Weston And The Basement Of Horrors Case |
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329 | (2) |
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Attempts to Restrict Plea Bargaining |
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331 | (1) |
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Supreme Court's View on Plea Bargaining |
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332 | (1) |
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The Plea Bargaining Process |
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333 | (8) |
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Constitutional Rights during Plea Bargaining |
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333 | (2) |
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Lasting Impact: Santobello V. New York (1971) |
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335 | (1) |
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335 | (2) |
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337 | (1) |
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Judicial and Statutory Inducements |
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337 | (1) |
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Steps Following a Plea Agreement |
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338 | (3) |
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Factors Affecting Plea Agreements |
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341 | (1) |
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341 | (6) |
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Elements of a Valid Guilty Plea |
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341 | (4) |
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345 | (2) |
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347 | (2) |
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349 | (3) |
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Chapter 13 The Jury and the Trial |
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352 | (34) |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (2) |
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History of the Jury Trial |
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354 | (1) |
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355 | (7) |
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Situations When the Right to a Jury Trial Applies |
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355 | (1) |
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Waiving of the Right to a Jury Trial |
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356 | (1) |
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Selection of Impartial Jurors |
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356 | (6) |
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Jury Consultants: Useful? |
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362 | (1) |
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362 | (5) |
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Jury Size and Voting Requirements |
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362 | (2) |
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Courts In The News: Jury Convicts CEO |
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363 | (1) |
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Factors Affecting Jurors' Decisions |
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364 | (1) |
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Jury Nullification and Vilification |
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365 | (1) |
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Do Jurors Tell the Truth? |
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366 | (1) |
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Time for Professional Jurors? |
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366 | (1) |
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367 | (1) |
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367 | (3) |
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Courts In The News: For Some, Serving On A Jury Can Be Traumatic |
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368 | (1) |
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369 | (1) |
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370 | (3) |
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371 | (1) |
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Alternatives to Trial Closure |
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372 | (1) |
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373 | (6) |
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374 | (1) |
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374 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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376 | (1) |
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Final Motions and Closing Arguments |
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376 | (1) |
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377 | (1) |
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377 | (1) |
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377 | (2) |
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379 | (2) |
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381 | (5) |
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Chapter 14 Sentencing, Appeals, and Habeas Corpus |
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386 | (32) |
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387 | (1) |
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388 | (1) |
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389 | (1) |
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390 | (1) |
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390 | (1) |
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390 | (1) |
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390 | (1) |
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390 | (11) |
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391 | (1) |
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391 | (2) |
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393 | (1) |
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393 | (1) |
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394 | (1) |
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395 | (4) |
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Courts In The News: Life Sentences For Juveniles |
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396 | (2) |
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Lasting Impact: Furman V. Georgia |
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398 | (1) |
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Lasting Impact: Gregg V. Georgia |
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399 | (1) |
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399 | (2) |
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Determination of the Appropriate Sentence |
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401 | (1) |
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Constitutional Rights during Sentencing |
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401 | (1) |
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402 | (7) |
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402 | (1) |
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402 | (1) |
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403 | (6) |
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409 | (3) |
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Is Habeas Corpus Important? |
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409 | (1) |
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Limitations on Habeas Corpus |
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410 | (1) |
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Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 |
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411 | (1) |
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412 | (3) |
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415 | (3) |
Part V Current Issues And The Future Of Courts |
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Chapter 15 Differential Treatment and Wrongful Convictions |
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418 | (32) |
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419 | (1) |
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420 | (2) |
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420 | (1) |
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420 | (1) |
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421 | (1) |
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421 | (1) |
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421 | (1) |
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Research on Race, Ethnicity, and Case Processing |
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422 | (12) |
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Police-Citizen Encounters |
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423 | (1) |
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423 | (3) |
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Lasting Impact: Terry V. Ohio (1968) |
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425 | (1) |
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426 | (2) |
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Lasting Impact: Chicago V. Morales (1999) |
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427 | (1) |
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428 | (2) |
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Imprisonment and Corrections |
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430 | (2) |
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432 | (2) |
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434 | (1) |
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Is Gender Discrimination a Problem? |
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434 | (1) |
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The Rush to Judgment: Wrongful Convictions |
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435 | (7) |
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436 | (2) |
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438 | (13) |
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Courts In The News: Wrongful Convictions |
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439 | (2) |
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Courts In The News: Reduce Wrongful Convictions? Modernize The Trial |
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|
441 | (1) |
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442 | (2) |
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444 | (6) |
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Chapter 16 Technology, Alternatives, and the Future |
|
|
450 | (29) |
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451 | (1) |
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451 | (4) |
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452 | (2) |
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454 | (1) |
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455 | (1) |
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Alternatives to Traditional Adjudication |
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455 | (7) |
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Courts In The News: Improving Courtroom Security With Technology |
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|
456 | (1) |
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Alternative Dispute Resolution |
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457 | (1) |
|
|
458 | (4) |
|
|
462 | (3) |
|
Redefinition of Courts and Roles |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
Withering of the Juvenile Justice System? |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
Lasting Impact: Daubert Et Al. V. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (1993) |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
Emerging Problems and Pressing Issues |
|
|
465 | (6) |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
|
467 | (2) |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
|
469 | (2) |
|
|
471 | (2) |
|
|
473 | (6) |
Glossary |
|
479 | (17) |
Table of Cases |
|
496 | (4) |
Name Index |
|
500 | (5) |
Subject Index |
|
505 | |