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Courts and Criminal Justice in America [Hardback]

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  • Formāts: Hardback, 512 pages, height x width: 276x216 mm, weight: 1014 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 18-Jan-2011
  • Izdevniecība: Pearson
  • ISBN-10: 013174576X
  • ISBN-13: 9780131745766
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Courts and Criminal Justice in AmericaPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 512 pages, height x width: 276x216 mm, weight: 1014 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 18-Jan-2011
  • Izdevniecība: Pearson
  • ISBN-10: 013174576X
  • ISBN-13: 9780131745766
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780131745766.html
Keywords:
The most popular two Criminal Justice authors of the century have joined for a collaboration of excellence! Featuring a balanced and modern presentation, COURTS AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN AMERICA, 1/e book addresses the need for a volume that covers hot button issues as well as the basic structure of the court system and court process. Its up-to-date coverage highlights several recent trends, such as the addition of Sonia Sotomayor to the Supreme Court, advents in problem-solving courts, and technological innovations. Special sections feature court cases with lasting impact and stories of courts in the news. Written by a respected author team, the book gives a comprehensive look at the courts, their personnel and the context in which they operate.
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
About the Authors xiv
PART I: FOUNDATIONS
Legal Foundations
2(28)
Introduction
3(1)
Courts and Their Importance
4(3)
What Is a Court?
4(1)
Courts in American Government
4(3)
Courts in the News: Two Federal Courts Offer Digital Audio Recordings Online
7(1)
Legal Basis for the Courts
7(5)
Early Legal Codes
8(1)
Common Law and Precedent
8(2)
Other Sources of Law
10(1)
Role of the Courts
11(1)
Protection of Individuals
12(1)
Presumptions
12(1)
Courts in the News: Gun Rights Upheld
13(6)
Constitutional Rights
14(4)
Adversarial System
18(1)
Types of Disputes
19(11)
Civil Law and Procedure
20(2)
Criminal Law
22(4)
Summary
26(1)
Key Terms
27(1)
Review Questions
28(1)
What Will You Do?
28(2)
Who Controls the Courts?
30(30)
Introduction
31(1)
Legislative Control
31(6)
Jurisdiction
31(2)
Types of Direct Controls
33(2)
Indirect Controls
35(2)
Executive Control
37(1)
Executive Appointment Process for the Judiciary
37(1)
Executive Presence in the Courts
37(1)
Reshaping the Judiciary?
37(1)
Courts in the News: Chinese Courts as Instruments of Communist Party Control
38(1)
Control from Above
39(1)
Jurisdictional Authority
39(1)
Rule Setting
39(1)
Interpretation of Higher-Court Decisions
39(1)
Courts in the News: Paying For America's Courts
40(2)
Control from the People
42(3)
Voter Behavior
42(1)
Public Participation
43(1)
Interest Group Formation
43(2)
Courts in the News: Don't They Get It?
45(1)
Control from the Legal Profession
46(5)
Professional Associations
46(4)
Think Tanks
50(1)
Lasting Impact: The State of California v. Orenthal James Simpson (1995)
51(1)
Control from Within
52(8)
Judicial Restraint and Activism
52(1)
Courtroom Workgroup
53(1)
Summary
54(1)
Key Terms
55(1)
Review Questions
56(1)
What Will You Do?
56(4)
PART II: TYPES OF COURTS
Federal Courts
60(28)
Introduction
61(1)
Brief History of the Federal Courts
61(4)
U.S. Constitution and the Courts
61(1)
Landmark Legislation
62(3)
Courts in the News: Court Relationships
65(1)
Structure of the Federal Courts
66(8)
U.S. District Courts
66(2)
Appellate Courts
68(2)
U.S. Supreme Court
70(4)
Lasting Impact: District of Columbia, et al. v. Dick Anthony Heller (2008)
74(5)
Other Article III Courts
75(1)
Article I Tribunals
76(3)
Federal Judicial Administration and Caseloads
79(9)
Administrative Levels
79(1)
Caseloads
80(3)
Summary
83(1)
Key Terms
84(1)
Review Questions
85(1)
What Will You Do?
85(3)
State Courts
88(28)
Introduction
89(1)
History of State Courts
89(5)
Colonial Period
89(1)
Early State Courts
90(1)
Contemporary State Courts
90(4)
State Court Structure
94(2)
Limited Jurisdiction Courts
94(2)
Courts in the News: New York State Courts Examined
96(3)
General Jurisdiction Courts
97(1)
Intermediate Appellate Courts
97(1)
State Supreme Courts
98(1)
State Court Workloads
99(5)
Caseload Statistics
99(2)
Dispositions
101(3)
Lasting Impact: Ewing v. California (2003)
104(2)
State Court Administration
106(3)
Administrative Office of the Courts
106(1)
Management of the Workload
107(2)
Recent Developments
109(7)
Time Constraints and Safety Concerns
109(1)
Public Support and Political Problems
110(1)
Summary
111(1)
Key Terms
112(1)
Review Questions
113(1)
What Will You Do?
113(3)
Juvenile Courts
116(29)
Introduction
117(1)
Development of Care for Children
117(1)
Poor Laws
117(1)
Chancery Courts
118(1)
Creation of American Juvenile Justice
118(4)
Child Savers
119(1)
Refuge Movement
119(1)
Juvenile Court
119(3)
Lasting Impact: In re Gault
122(4)
Lasting Impact: Roper v. Simmons
126(1)
Juvenile Courts Today: Priorities, Organization, and Process
127(3)
Priorities
127(1)
Organization
128(2)
Courts in the News: Cyberbullying
130(4)
Process
131(3)
Treatment of Juveniles as Adults
134(2)
Legislative Exclusion
134(1)
Waivers
134(2)
Courts in the News: Court Rulings are Consistent on Video Game Violence
136(1)
Concurrent Jurisdiction
137(1)
Changing Landscape of Juvenile Justice
137(8)
Increased Sanctions
137(1)
More Accountability
138(1)
Less Privacy
138(2)
Summary
140(1)
Key Terms
141(1)
Review Questions
142(1)
What Will You Do?
142(3)
Specialized Courts
145(27)
Introduction
146(1)
Origins and Distinguishing Features of Specialized Courts
146(2)
Origins and Historical Milestones
146(1)
Distinguishing Features
147(1)
Courts in the News: Alternative Courts
148(2)
Varieties of Specialized Courts
150(11)
Drug Courts
152(2)
Domestic-Violence Courts
154(1)
Community Courts
155(2)
Gun Courts
157(1)
Sex Offense Courts
157(1)
Homeless Courts
158(1)
Mental Health Courts
158(2)
Reentry Courts
160(1)
Courts in the News: Special Veterans' Courts
161(1)
Threats to and Keys to Success for Specialized Courts
162(10)
Possible Threats
162(3)
Keys to Success
165(1)
Summary
166(1)
Key Terms
166(1)
Review Questions
167(1)
What Will You Do?
167(5)
PART III: THE PEOPLE INVOLVED
Judges
172(32)
Introduction
173(1)
Federal Judges
174(8)
Backgrounds
174(1)
Qualifications
175(1)
Appointment Process
175(2)
Compensation
177(2)
Judicial Career Stages
179(3)
State Judges
182(6)
Types and Qualifications
182(1)
Selection Process
183(3)
Appointment Methods and Diversity on the Bench
186(1)
Compensation
186(1)
Retention
186(2)
Retirement and Removal
188(1)
Judicial Ethics
188(4)
Professional Associations
189(1)
State Commissions
189(1)
Complaints about Judicial Conduct
189(3)
Judicial Ethical Dilemmas
192(1)
What Makes a Good Judge?
192(1)
Judicial Decision Making
192(3)
Personal Ideology and Attitudes
193(1)
Election Considerations
193(1)
Public Opinion
193(1)
Strategic Considerations
194(1)
Consensus Seeking
194(1)
Laws
195(1)
Limits on Judicial Decisions
195(9)
Importance of Impartiality
195(1)
Decisions Limited to Actual Controversies
196(1)
No Involvement with Political Questions
196(1)
Laws Overturned on Narrow Grounds
197(1)
No Rulings on the Wisdom of Legislation
197(1)
Summary
198(1)
Key Terms
199(1)
Review Questions
200(1)
What Will You Do?
200(4)
Prosecutors
204(28)
Introduction
205(1)
Types of Prosecutors
205(4)
Federal Level
205(2)
State Level
207(1)
County Level
208(1)
City Level
209(1)
Prosecution throughout History
209(2)
Choices Shaping American Prosecution
209(1)
Increased Prominence
210(1)
Evolution of the Prosecution Role
211(3)
Progressive Era
211(1)
Discovery of Discretion
212(1)
New Prosecution Paradigm
213(1)
Lasting Impact: North Carolina State Bar v. Michael B. Nifong (2007)
214(1)
Charging Decisions
215(6)
Prosecutorial Discretion
215(2)
Alternatives to Traditional Prosecution
217(2)
Protections for Prosecutors
219(1)
Ethics
220(1)
Prosecutors on the Job
221(11)
Office Structure and Organization
222(1)
Contrasting Goals and Styles
223(1)
Retention and Pay
224(1)
Threats and Violence against Prosecutors
225(1)
Summary
226(1)
Key Terms
227(1)
Review Questions
228(1)
What Will You Do?
228(4)
Defense Attorneys
232(27)
Introduction
233(1)
History of Criminal Defense
233(2)
Growth of the Criminal Defense Bar
234(1)
Criminal Defense Bar Today
235(1)
Types of Defense Attorneys
235(4)
Privately Retained Counsel
235(3)
Indigent Defense Systems
238(1)
Courts in the News: If You Ever Need a Lawyer
239(5)
Defense Attorneys on the Job
244(2)
Craft of Defense Attorneys
244(1)
Insider Justice
245(1)
Myth of the Zealous Advocate
245(1)
Defense Attorneys, Their Clients, and the Public
246(1)
Lasting Impact: U.S. v. Ahmed Abdel Sattar, Lynne Stewart, and Mohammed Yousry (2005)
247(4)
Defense Attorneys' Perceptions of Their Clients
248(1)
Defendants' Perceptions of Their Attorneys
248(1)
Public Perceptions of Defense Attorneys
249(1)
Defense Attorneys' Satisfaction with Their Work
249(2)
Defense Ethics
251(8)
Ethical Dilemmas for the Defense
251(1)
Professional Organizations
252(1)
Codes of Ethics and Conduct
252(1)
Death-Row Volunteering
253(1)
Summary
254(1)
Key Terms
255(1)
Review Questions
256(1)
What Will You Do?
256(3)
Defendants and Victims: Their Roles and Rights
259(32)
Introduction
260(1)
Defendants and the Courts
260(2)
Defendant Characteristics
260(2)
Defendants During the Court Process
262(1)
Right to Counsel
262(1)
Lasting Impact: Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
263(8)
Right to Confrontation
267(4)
Courts in the News: Mental Incompetency Rulings: A Growing Problem for U.S. Courts
271(4)
Right to Compulsory Process
272(1)
Defendant's Marginal Role
272(3)
Victims and the Courts
275(1)
Victimization
275(1)
Lasting Impact: People v. Goetz (73 N.Y 2D 751) (1988)
276(3)
Victim Attitudes and Images
277(1)
Victim Involvement
278(1)
Lasting Impact: Payne v. Tennessee (1991)
279(12)
Summary
285(1)
Key Terms
286(1)
Review Questions
287(1)
What Will You Do?
287(4)
PART IV: THE COURT PROCESS
Arrest and Beyond
291(27)
Introduction
292(1)
Arrest and Probable Cause
293(1)
Exclusionary Rule
293(2)
Arguments for and against the Exclusionary Rule
294(1)
Lasting Impact: Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
295(4)
Exceptions to the Exclusionary Rule
296(2)
Extensions of the Exclusionary Rule
298(1)
Initial Appearance
299(1)
Pretrial Release
300(3)
Pretrial Release Hearing
300(1)
Mechanisms for Release (or Continued Detention)
300(2)
Bail Decision
302(1)
Courts in the News: Bounty Hunters
303(1)
Charging of the Offender
304(5)
Charging in Grand Jury Jurisdictions
304(2)
Preliminary Hearing
306(2)
Double Jeopardy
308(1)
Arraignment
309(1)
Discovery
309(3)
Forms of Discovery
310(2)
Courts in the News: What Really Happens When you Expunge a Criminal Record Today?
312(6)
Summary
313(2)
Key Terms
315(1)
Review Questions
316(1)
What Will You Do?
316(2)
Plea Bargaining and Guilty Pleas
318(25)
Introduction
319(1)
Plea Bargaining
319(6)
Definition of Plea Bargaining
319(1)
History and Rise of Plea Bargaining
320(1)
Arguments for and against Plea Bargaining
320(2)
Attempts to Restrict Plea Bargaining
322(2)
Supreme Court's View on Plea Bargaining
324(1)
Plea Bargaining Process
324(1)
Lasting Impact: Santobello v. New York (1971)
325(5)
Courts in the News: Detroit Mayor Pleads Out
330(3)
Steps Following a Plea Agreement
331(2)
Factors Affecting Plea Agreements
333(1)
Guilty Pleas
333(10)
Elements of a Valid Guilty Plea
333(3)
Contesting a Guilty Plea
336(2)
Summary
338(1)
Key Terms
339(1)
Review Questions
340(1)
What Will You Do?
340(3)
The Jury and the Thai
343(31)
Introduction
344(1)
The Jury
344(13)
History of the Jury Trial
344(1)
Jury Process
345(7)
Jury Decision Making
352(5)
The Trial
357(1)
Courts in the News: Post-Traumatic Stress Counseling for Jurors
358(16)
Speedy Trial
359(1)
Public Trial
360(3)
Order of Events
363(6)
Summary
369(1)
Key Terms
370(1)
Review Questions
371(1)
What Will You Do?
371(3)
Sentencing, Appeals, and Habeas Corpus
374(28)
Introduction
375(1)
Sentencing
375(8)
Goals of Sentencing
375(2)
Types of Sentences
377(6)
Lasting Impact: Furman v. Georgia
383(1)
Lasting Impact: Gregg v. Georgia
384(2)
Determination of the Appropriate Sentence
385(1)
Constitutional Rights during Sentencing
386(1)
Appeals
386(7)
Types of Appeals
386(1)
Consequences of Appeals
387(1)
Appellate Process
387(6)
Habeas Corpus
393(9)
Is Habeas Corpus Important?
393(1)
Limitations on Habeas Corpus
394(1)
Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996
395(1)
Summary
396(1)
Key Terms
397(1)
Review Questions
398(1)
What Will You Do?
398(4)
PART V: CURRENT ISSUES AND THE FUTURE OF COURTS
Differential Treatment and Wrongful Convictions
402(30)
Introduction
403(1)
Differential Treatment
403(2)
Offense Seriousness
403(1)
Celebrated Cases
403(1)
Race/Ethnicity
404(1)
Offender's Gender
405(1)
Rush to Judgment
405(1)
Differential Treatment: The Wedding Cake Model
405(2)
Celebrated Cases
405(1)
Felonies
406(1)
Misdemeanors
406(1)
Differential Treatment: Racial and Ethnic Disparities
407(2)
Police-Citizen Encounters
407(1)
Pretrial Period
408(1)
Lasting Impact: Terry v. Ohio (1968)
409(2)
Trial
410(1)
Lasting Impact: Chicago v. Morales (1999)
411(5)
Sentencing
412(2)
Imprisonment and Corrections
414(2)
Capital Punishment
416(2)
Differential Treatment: Gender Discrimination
418(2)
Is Gender Discrimination a Problem?
419(1)
Rush to Judgment: Wrongful Convictions
420(12)
Innocence Movement
421(2)
Exonerations
423(2)
Summary
425(1)
Key Terms
426(1)
Review Questions
427(1)
What Will You Do?
427(5)
Technology, Alternatives, and the Future
432(29)
Introduction
433(1)
Technology in the Courts
433(4)
Wired Courts
433(2)
Uses for Technology
435(2)
Demonstration Projects
437(1)
Alternatives to Traditional Adjudication
437(1)
Alternative Dispute Resolution
437(1)
Courts in the News: Wikipedia is not an Authoritative Source
438(7)
Restorative Justice
441(4)
Courtrooms of the Future
445(2)
Redefinition of Courts and Roles
445(1)
Withering of the Juvenile Justice System?
446(1)
Lasting Impact: Daubert et al. v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (1993)
447(1)
Customer Service
448(1)
Emerging Problems and Pressing Issues
448(13)
Human Trafficking
449(1)
Elder Abuse and Neglect
450(1)
Identity Theft
451(1)
Immigration
452(2)
Summary
454(1)
Key Terms
455(1)
Review Questions
456(1)
What Will You Do?
456(5)
Glossary 461(18)
Table of Cases 479(4)
Name Index 483(6)
Subject Index 489