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E-grāmata: Criminal Litigation

(Barrister (currently non-practising)), (Solicitor and Senior Lecturer, Keele University)
  • Formāts: 368 pages
  • Sērija : Legal Practice Course Manuals
  • Izdošanas datums: 24-Jun-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780192658210
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Criminal LitigationPalielināt
  • Formāts: 368 pages
  • Sērija : Legal Practice Course Manuals
  • Izdošanas datums: 24-Jun-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780192658210
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Criminal Litigation offers a comprehensive and practical guide to the areas of criminal litigation covered on the Legal Practice Course. Making effective use of realistic case studies backed up by online documentation, the text combines theory with practical considerations and encourages
students to focus on putting their knowledge into a practical context. Written in an informal and accessible style, it covers all procedural and evidential issues that arise in criminal cases. The more complex areas of criminal litigation are examined using numerous diagrams, flowcharts, and
examples, while potential changes in the law are highlighted by specially designed 'Looking Ahead' boxes. Chapters end with key points summaries and self-test questions, enabling students to quickly sum up what they have read and test their own knowledge.

Digital formats and resources
This edition is available for students and institutions to purchase in a variety of formats, and is supported by online resources.
- Access to a digital version of this book comes with every purchase to enable a more flexible learning experience--12 months' access to this title on Law Trove will be available from 15 July 2021. Access must be redeemed by 30 June 2022.
- The online resources include case study documentation; web links; three additional chapters covering 'Advising at the Police Station - Practical Steps', 'White Collar Crime - Regulatory Offences', and 'Sentencing in Road Traffic Cases'; answers to self-test questions; video case studies; and
criminal Litigation Express Train timeline.
Guided tour of the book xiv
Online resources contents xvi
Foreword xvii
Preface xviii
Acknowledgements xx
Table of cases
xxi
Table of legislation and other instruments
xxv
Part I INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL LITIGATION
1(46)
1 Introduction
3(32)
1.1 Introduction
4(1)
1.2 Philosophy of Criminal Litigation
5(1)
1.3 Online resources
6(2)
1.4 Research sources
8(1)
1.5 Classifying criminal offences
8(2)
1.6 Personnel and organisations within the criminal justice system
10(1)
1.7 The criminal courts and personnel
11(2)
1.8 The European Convention on Human Rights 1950 (ECHR 1950)
13(3)
1.9 Criminal Procedure Rules (Crim PR) 2020
16(1)
1.10 Professional conduct---an introduction
17(18)
2 An Introduction to the Law of Criminal Evidence and Advocacy
35(12)
2.1 Introduction
35(1)
2.2 The purpose of the law of criminal evidence
36(1)
2.3 Facts in issue
36(1)
2.4 Core concepts
36(2)
2.5 Procedure for deciding the admissibility of disputed evidence
38(1)
2.6 Assessing the evidence---the prosecuting solicitor's role
38(1)
2.7 Assessing the evidence---the defence solicitor's role
39(1)
2.8 Types of evidence
39(1)
2.9 Clarifying the evidential issues
40(1)
2.10 Concluding remarks on criminal evidence
41(1)
2.11 Advocacy
41(6)
Part II INVESTIGATION AND THE DECISION TO CHARGE
47(116)
3 The Powers to Stop, Search, and Arrest
49(16)
3.1 Introduction
49(1)
3.2 Stop and search before arrest
50(1)
3.3 Stop and search at common law
50(1)
3.4 Statutory powers to stop and search in a public place before arrest
50(2)
3.5 Specific powers to stop and search before arrest
52(1)
3.6 The consequences of an unlawful stop and search
52(1)
3.7 Powers of arrest
53(5)
3.8 Street bail
58(1)
3.9 Searching the suspect's person and/or property upon arrest
58(4)
3.10 The European Convention on Human Rights 1950
62(3)
4 Detention and Interrogation
65(24)
4.1 Introduction
66(1)
4.2 Interviewing a volunteer at the police station or elsewhere
67(1)
4.3 Action immediately following arrest
68(1)
4.4 The role of the custody officer
68(3)
4.5 Detention before charge (following arrest)---s. 37(3) PACE 1984
71(2)
4.6 Reviewing a suspect's detention
73(1)
4.7 The suspect's right to intimation and/or legal advice
74(3)
4.8 Other rights and safeguards enjoyed by the suspect whilst in detention
77(1)
4.9 The treatment of vulnerable suspects and the provision of an appropriate adult (AA)
77(2)
4.10 Interviewing the suspect
79(1)
4.11 The requirement to caution
80(1)
4.12 What constitutes a fair interview?
81(1)
4.13 How should an interview be recorded?
82(1)
4.14 Charging a suspect
82(4)
4.15 Concluding remarks
86(3)
5 The Right to Silence at the Police Station
89(11)
5.1 Introduction
89(1)
5.2 What are the risks associated with s. 34 CJPOA 1994?
90(4)
5.3 Drawing inferences from a failure to account under ss. 36 and 37 CJPOA 1994
94(2)
5.4 The importance of correctly directing the jury
96(1)
5.5 The practical aspects associated with remaining silent
96(4)
6 Challenging Unlawfully and Unfairly Obtained Evidence
100(16)
6.1 Introduction
100(1)
6.2 What is unlawfully or unfairly obtained evidence?
101(1)
6.3 What is a confession?
101(1)
6.4 A suspect's rights at the police station
102(1)
6.5 Challenging the admissibility of a confession under ss. 76 and 78 PACE 1984
103(3)
6.6 The procedure for determining the admissibility of a confession
106(1)
6.7 Editing a confession
106(1)
6.8 Evidence obtained in consequence of an inadmissible confession
106(1)
6.9 Challenging the admissibility of other non-confession prosecution evidence
107(1)
6.10 Common law discretion
107(1)
6.11 Discretion under s. 78 PACE 1984
107(3)
6.12 Abuse of process
110(1)
6.13 Illegally/unfairly obtained evidence---practical considerations
111(5)
7 Obtaining Identification Evidence
116(16)
7.1 Introduction
116(1)
7.2 The dangers of eye-witness identification
117(1)
7.3 How is eye-witness identification obtained?
117(1)
7.4 Distinguishing between known and unknown suspects
117(1)
7.5 When must an identification procedure be held?
118(2)
7.6 Is a formal identification procedure a mandatory requirement?
120(2)
7.7 The formal identification procedures
122(1)
7.8 The consequences of failing to comply with Code D
123(1)
7.9 Recognition by police officers from photographic and CCTV images
124(1)
7.10 Prior identification on social media
124(1)
7.11 Voice identification
125(1)
7.12 Dock identifications
125(1)
7.13 Forensic identification procedures
125(2)
7.14 DNA evidence
127(1)
7.15 Facial mapping
128(1)
7.16 The practical issues associated with identification evidence
128(4)
8 The Decision to Prosecute and the Prosecution's Duties of Disclosure of Evidence
132(31)
8.1 Introduction
133(1)
8.2 Statutory charging under the CJA 2003
134(5)
8.3 CPS prosecuting policies
139(2)
8.4 The threshold test
141(1)
8.5 The selection of charges---section 6, Code for Crown Prosecutors
142(1)
8.6 Alternatives to prosecution
142(2)
8.7 Can the defence solicitor influence the decision to charge?
144(1)
8.8 Pre-trial disclosure of evidence---an introduction
145(2)
8.9 Used and unused material
147(1)
8.10 Disclosure obligations on the police
148(2)
8.11 The CPS obligation to disclose `used' material---'IDPC (Initial Details of the Prosecution Case)
150(1)
8.12 CPS obligations to disclose unused material (Crim PR, Part 15)
151(3)
8.13 Disclosing information held by third parties
154(1)
8.14 Withholding relevant evidence
154(1)
8.15 Further information on disclosure
155(8)
Part III FROM CHARGE TO TRIAL
163(134)
9 Funding of Criminal Defence Services and First Appearance Process
165(22)
9.1 Introduction
166(1)
9.2 Legal aid---a human right?
166(1)
9.3 Legal aid agency
166(1)
9.4 Pre-charge advice and assistance
167(1)
9.5 Funded representation in court
167(1)
9.6 Representation orders
168(1)
9.7 The interests of justice test (CRM14)
168(4)
9.8 Means testing (CRM15)
172(1)
9.9 The means test as applied to cases tried in the magistrates' court
172(3)
9.10 The means test in cases triable on indictment
175(2)
9.11 What work can be done under a representation order?
177(1)
9.12 Disbursements
177(1)
9.13 Acquitted defendants and Defendants' Costs Order
178(1)
9.14 Wasted costs
178(1)
9.15 First appearance before the magistrates' court in summary-only and either-way offences
178(3)
9.16 Preparing for the first appearance before the magistrates' court
181(6)
10 The Law and Practice Relating to Court Bail
187(22)
10.1 Introduction
187(1)
10.2 What is bail?
188(1)
10.3 A right to bail?
188(1)
10.4 Section 25 CJPOA 1994
189(1)
10.5 Grounds for refusing bail
189(1)
10.6 Grounds for denying bail for an indictable imprisonable offence (Sch. 1 Part 1 para. 2 BA 1976)
189(3)
10.7 Substantiating the grounds for opposing bail---the statutory factors (Sch. 1 Para. 9 BA 1976)
192(1)
10.8 Grounds for denying bail for a summary-only imprisonable offence (Sch. 1 Part 1A)
193(1)
10.9 Grounds for denying bail for a non-imprisonable offence (Sch. 1 Part II)
193(1)
10.10 Bail conditions
194(2)
10.11 Bail in practice
196(2)
10.12 Procedure at a contested bail hearing
198(1)
10.13 Remand periods
199(1)
10.14 How many bail applications can be made?
200(1)
10.15 Where bail is refused
200(1)
10.16 Appeal by the prosecution
201(1)
10.17 Reconsidering bail
201(1)
10.18 Varying bail conditions
201(1)
10.19 Where an accused fails to surrender to bail
202(1)
10.20 Bail granted by the Crown Court
202(1)
10.21 Bail and the High Court
203(1)
10.22 Human rights and bail
203(1)
10.23 Bail---the practical considerations
203(6)
11 Prosecuting an Either-Way Offence
209(17)
11.1 Introduction
209(1)
11.2 Plea before venue
210(1)
11.3 The allocation hearing/mode of trial enquiry---ss. 17-20 MCA 1980
211(5)
11.4 The reasons for electing trial in the magistrates' court or in the Crown Court
216(2)
11.5 The special procedure in criminal damage cases
218(1)
11.6 Special rules relating to certain either-way offences
218(1)
11.7 Sending an either-way offence to the Crown Court
218(2)
11.8 Post-allocation matters where case is to be sent to the Crown Court
220(1)
11.9 Application for dismissal of the either-way offence sent to the Crown Court
221(1)
11.10 Changing the allocation decision
222(4)
12 Prosecuting Summary Offences
226(22)
12.1 Introduction
226(1)
12.2 Commencing a prosecution in the magistrates' court
227(1)
12.3 Pleading guilty by post
228(1)
12.4 Defendant unaware of court proceedings
228(1)
12.5 Joinder of offences and defendants in the information
228(2)
12.6 The early stages of a summary-only/either-way offence
230(2)
12.7 Preparing for trial (defence perspective)
232(3)
12.8 Preparing for trial (prosecution perspective)
235(1)
12.9 Rights of audience before magistrates' court and terms of address
236(1)
12.10 Failure of the defendant to attend trial
236(1)
12.11 The procedure at a summary trial on a not guilty plea
236(12)
13 Crown Court Proceedings Pre-Trial
248(31)
13.1 Introduction
249(1)
13.2 The Digital Case System (DCS)
249(1)
13.3 The defendant's first court appearance for an indictable-only offence---s. 51 Crime and Disorder Act 1998
250(1)
13.4 Better Case Management (BCM)
251(1)
13.5 The Plea and Trial Preparation Hearing (PTPH)
252(3)
13.6 Crown Court bail
255(1)
13.7 Preparatory steps in the early stages of an indictable-only offence
255(1)
13.8 Disclosing `used' material in indictable-only cases
255(1)
13.9 Disclosing `unused' material---CPIA 1996
256(5)
13.10 What if the pre-trial disclosure of evidence reveals a weak prosecution case?
261(1)
13.11 Preparatory hearings
261(1)
13.12 Preparing for trial
262(17)
14 Trial Before the Crown Court
279(18)
14.1 Introduction
280(1)
14.2 The indictment
280(3)
14.3 Supporting the advocate at trial
283(1)
14.4 Last-minute checklist
283(1)
14.5 First day of the trial
284(1)
14.6 Plea bargaining
284(1)
14.7 Arraignment and pleas
285(1)
14.8 During the trial
286(1)
14.9 The course of trial on indictment---Crim PR, Part 25.9
287(1)
14.10 The course of trial---presenting evidence---Crim PR, Part 25.11
288(2)
14.11 Defence submission of no case to answer
290(1)
14.12 The defence case
290(1)
14.13 The closing speeches
291(1)
14.14 The summing-up and directing the jury---Crim PR, Part 25.14
291(2)
14.15 The verdict
293(1)
14.16 The procedure after the jury's decision---Crim PR, Part 25.16
294(1)
14.17 Acquitted defendants
294(1)
14.18 The prosecution's right of appeal
294(1)
14.19 Judge-only trials on indictment
295(2)
Part IV PROVING THE CASE---THE RULES OF CRIMINAL EVIDENCE
297(98)
15 The Burden of Proof
299(7)
15.1 Introduction
299(1)
15.2 The legal burden of proof---the general rule
299(1)
15.3 Exceptions to Woolmington---reverse burden clauses
300(1)
15.4 The standard of proof required to discharge the legal burden
301(1)
15.5 The evidential burden
301(1)
15.6 Discharging the legal and evidential burdens of proof---an example
302(1)
15.7 Challenges to reverse burden clauses under Article 6 European Convention on Human Rights 1950 (ECHR 1950)
302(1)
15.8 Formal admissions---s. 10 CJA 1967
303(1)
15.9 Burdens of proof---practical considerations
304(2)
16 Witness Evidence
306(23)
16.1 Introduction
306(1)
16.2 Dealing with witnesses before testifying
307(1)
16.3 Witness evidence---the preliminary issues
307(3)
16.4 Testifying under a special measures direction
310(1)
16.5 Types of special measures
311(3)
16.6 The practical issues of witness evidence
314(1)
16.7 Taking the oath or affirming
315(1)
16.8 Examination-in-chief
315(4)
16.9 Cross-examination
319(4)
16.10 Cross-examining the witness on his physical or mental disability
323(1)
16.11 Re-examination
324(1)
16.12 Cross-examining the complainant in a sexual offence
324(5)
17 Corroboration, the `Turnbull Guidelines', and Opinion Evidence
329(14)
17.1 Introduction
329(1)
17.2 What is meant by corroboration?
330(1)
17.3 Corroboration required as a matter of law
330(1)
17.4 Corroboration and the exercise of judicial discretion
330(2)
17.5 The requirements of corroborative evidence
332(1)
17.6 The `Turnbull guidelines'
332(4)
17.7 Opinion evidence
336(1)
17.8 Facts personally perceived by the witness
336(1)
17.9 Expert witnesses
336(3)
17.10 Expert evidence---practical considerations
339(4)
18 Hearsay Evidence
343(18)
18.1 Introduction
343(1)
18.2 Hearsay evidence---the general rule
344(1)
18.3 Identifying hearsay evidence
344(3)
18.4 The statutory exceptions to the hearsay rule
347(1)
18.5 Hearsay evidence under the CJA 2003
347(1)
18.6 The unavailable witness---s. 116 (first-hand hearsay)
348(2)
18.7 Business documents---s. 117
350(1)
18.8 Hearsay admissible under the preserved common law rules---s. 118 CJA 2003
351(2)
18.9 Admitting hearsay by agreement---s. 114(1)(c) CJA 2003
353(1)
18.10 The `safety-valve'---s. 114(1)(d) and s. 121 CJA 2003
353(2)
18.11 Miscellaneous hearsay provisions
355(1)
18.12 Important safeguards when admitting hearsay evidence
355(2)
18.13 Procedure for admitting hearsay evidence---Crim PR, Part 20
357(1)
18.14 Hearsay evidence and the ECHR 1950
357(2)
18.15 Hearsay evidence---trial considerations
359(2)
19 Character Evidence and the Accused as a Witness at Trial
361(27)
19.1 Introduction
361(1)
19.2 The accused as a competent defence witness
362(1)
19.3 The course of the defendant's evidence
362(1)
19.4 Adverse inferences from the defendant's silence at trial---s. 35 CJPOA 1994
363(2)
19.5 Disclosing evidence of the defendant's character
365(2)
19.6 Admitting evidence of the defendant's bad character
367(1)
19.7 Gateways to admission
368(9)
19.8 Bad character admitted between co-defendants---s. 101(1)(e) CJA 2003
377(3)
19.9 Bad character to correct a false impression given by the defendant---s. 101(1)(f) CJA 2003
380(1)
19.10 Bad character admitted under s. 101(1)(g) CJA 2003
381(2)
19.11 The practice and procedure for admitting evidence of a defendant's bad character
383(1)
19.12 Relevance and use that can be made of bad character adduced under s. 101 and the importance of the direction to the jury
384(1)
19.13 Miscellaneous matters
385(3)
20 Private Privilege
388(7)
20.1 Introduction
388(1)
20.2 Legal professional privilege in criminal cases
389(1)
20.3 The rationale for legal professional privilege
390(1)
20.4 Legal professional privilege and the courts
390(1)
20.5 Waiving/losing legal professional privilege
391(1)
20.6 Powers of search and legal professional privilege
392(1)
20.7 The privilege against self-incrimination
392(3)
Part V POST-CONVICTION: SENTENCING AND APPEALS
395(66)
21 Sentencing Procedure and the General Principles of Sentencing
397(19)
21.1 Introduction
397(1)
21.2 Sentencing Act 2020 (the Code)
398(1)
21.3 The role of the CPS on sentence
398(1)
21.4 The procedure on sentencing
399(2)
21.5 Hierarchy of sentences
401(1)
21.6 Sentencing purposes
401(1)
21.7 The basis of sentencing under the Code
401(2)
21.8 Sentencing Council for England and Wales
403(2)
21.9 Sentencing guidelines in the Crown Court
405(1)
21.10 How does the defence solicitor assess the seriousness of an offence?
406(1)
21.11 Magistrates' Court Sentencing Guidelines (MCSGs)
406(1)
21.12 Personal offender mitigation
406(1)
21.13 Discount for timely guilty pleas
406(1)
21.14 What constrains sentencing?
407(2)
21.15 The Crown Court's sentencing powers
409(1)
21.16 What informs the process of sentencing?
410(1)
21.17 Victim personal statements
410(1)
21.18 Taking other offences into consideration
411(5)
22 Specific Types of Sentence and the Plea in Mitigation
416(34)
22.1 Introduction
417(1)
22.2 When can a discretionary custodial sentence be imposed? (ss. 221--232 Sentencing Code)
417(1)
22.3 Custody between the ages of 18 and 21
418(1)
22.4 Length of custodial sentence
418(3)
22.5 Suspended sentence of imprisonment (ss. 286--305 Sentencing Code)
421(1)
22.6 Concluding remarks on discretionary custodial sentences with reference to SC guidelines
421(1)
22.7 Fixed4ength sentences
422(1)
22.8 Sentencing dangerous offenders
422(4)
22.9 Community order (ss. 200--220 Sentencing Code)
426(1)
22.10 Community sentences under the Sentencing Code
427(1)
22.11 The requirements
428(3)
22.12 Guilty plea credit
431(1)
22.13 Enforcement of community orders under the Code (Sch. 10)
431(1)
22.14 Deferring sentence (ss. 3--13 Sentencing Code)
432(1)
22.15 Fines (ss. 118--132 Sentencing Code)
432(2)
22.16 Compensation orders (ss. 133--146 Sentencing Code)
434(1)
22.17 Conditional discharge (ss. 80--82 Sentencing Code)
435(1)
22.18 Absolute discharge (s. 79 Sentencing Code)
435(1)
22.19 Bind over (ss. 376--378 Sentencing Code)
435(1)
22.20 Ancillary orders
436(2)
22.21 The plea in mitigation
438(1)
22.22 Structuring a plea in mitigation
439(4)
22.23 Advocacy and the plea in mitigation
443(1)
22.24 Professional conduct
443(7)
23 Appeals
450(11)
23.1 Introduction
450(1)
23.2 Reopening a case---s. 142 MCA 1980
451(1)
23.3 Appeal to the Crown Court---s. 108 MCA 1980 (Crim PR, Part 34)
451(1)
23.4 Appeal by way of case stated---s. III MCA 1980 and s. 28 Senior Courts Act 1981 (Crim PR, Part 35)
452(1)
23.5 Judicial review
453(1)
23.6 Appeal from the Crown Court (Crim PR, Parts 36 and 39)
454(2)
23.7 Appeal against sentence from the Crown Court (Crim PR, Part 39)
456(1)
23.8 Appeal to the Supreme Court (Crim PR, Part 43)
457(1)
23.9 Attorney General's references (Crim PR, Part 41)
457(1)
23.10 Criminal cases review commission
457(1)
23.11 Does the prosecution enjoy a right to appeal?
458(3)
Part VI YOUTH JUSTICE
461(49)
24 Youth Justice---Introduction
463(12)
24.1 Introduction
463(1)
24.2 The terminology of youth justice
464(1)
24.3 The youth justice organisations
465(1)
24.4 The statutory aims of the youth justice system
466(1)
24.5 Parental responsibility
467(1)
24.6 Police station detention and the young person
467(2)
24.7 Dealing with a young client---a defence perspective
469(1)
24.8 Preventing juvenile offending
470(2)
24.9 The decision to prosecute or to divert
472(1)
24.10 The procedure upon charge
473(1)
24.11 Funding the young person's right to legal representation
473(2)
25 Prosecuting Young Offenders
475(17)
25.1 Introduction
475(1)
25.2 The young person's first court appearance
476(3)
25.3 Where will the young person be tried?
479(8)
25.4 Safeguarding the young person's right to a fair trial in the Crown Court
487(1)
25.5 Trial of a young person in the adult magistrates' court
487(1)
25.6 Proceedings in the youth court
488(4)
26 Sentencing Young Offenders
492(18)
26.1 Introduction
493(2)
26.2 Sentencing procedure in the youth court
495(1)
26.3 Deferring sentence---s. 1 Sentencing Code 2020
496(1)
26.4 Referral order---ss. 83--108 Sentencing Code and paras. 6.19--6.22 Sentencing Children and Young People---Overarching Principles---Definitive Guideline (2017)
496(2)
26.5 Fine---ss. 118--132 Sentencing Code and paras. 6.17--6.18 Sentencing Children and Young People---Overarching Principles---Definitive Guideline (2017)
498(1)
26.6 Conditional discharge---s. 80 Sentencing Code and para. 6.14 Sentencing Children and Young People---Overarching Principles---Definitive Guideline (2017)
498(1)
26.7 Absolute discharge---s. 79 Sentencing Code and para. 6.13 Sentencing Children and Young People---Overarching Principles---Definitive Guideline (2017)
498(1)
26.8 Reparation order---ss. 109--116 Sentencing Code and paras. 6.15--6.16 Sentencing Children and Young People---Overarching Principles---Definitive Guideline (2017)
499(1)
26.9 Youth rehabilitation order (YRO)---ss. 173--199 Sentencing Code and paras. 6.23--6.41 Sentencing Children and Young People---Overarching Principles---Definitive Guideline (2017)
499(4)
26.10 Detention and training order---ss. 233--248 Sentencing Code and paras. 6.50--6.53 Sentencing Children and Young People---Overarching Principles---Definitive Guideline (2017)
503(1)
26.11 Endorsement or disqualification of the young offender's driving licence/record
504(1)
26.12 Compensation order---ss. 139--140 Sentencing Code
504(1)
26.13 Parenting orders---ss. 365--375 Sentencing Code and para. 3.3 Sentencing Children and Young People---Overarching Principles---Definitive Guideline (2017)
505(1)
26.14 Parental bind over---ss. 376--378 Sentencing Code and para. 3.3 Sentencing Children and Young People---Overarching Principles---Definitive Guideline (2017)
505(1)
26.15 Criminal Behaviour Order (CBO) and an Anti-Social Behaviour Injunction (ASBI)
505(1)
26.16 Victim surcharge
506(1)
26.17 Sentencing the young offender in the adult magistrates' court
506(1)
26.18 Sentencing the young offender in the Crown Court
506(1)
26.19 Sentencing a `dangerous' young offender
507(1)
26.20 Crossing a significant age threshold between commission of an offence and sentence
508(2)
Appendix 1 Additional chapters 510(1)
Appendix 2 Extracts from R v Lenny Wise 511(80)
Appendix 3 Extracts from Magistrates' Court Sentencing Guidelines 591(32)
Index 623
Martin Hannibal is a Barrister (currently non-practising). He has wide experience of teaching and examining criminal litigation and advanced criminal practice on undergraduate and professional programmes and on the LPC.



Lisa Mountford is a Solicitor with extensive experience as a senior lecturer teaching and examining on criminal law programmes and on LPC criminal litigation and evidence courses.
Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām
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