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Part 1 Understanding crime and criminology |
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1 | (110) |
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1 Understanding crime and criminology |
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3 | (18) |
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4 | (2) |
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An interdisciplinary subject |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (5) |
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Crime and the criminal law |
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8 | (1) |
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Crime as a social construct |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (4) |
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End of the bipartisan consensus |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (3) |
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18 | (3) |
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2 Crime and punishment in history |
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21 | (28) |
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22 | (1) |
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The emergence of a modern criminal justice system |
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22 | (20) |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (3) |
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Into the twentieth century |
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29 | (1) |
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The victim and prosecution |
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30 | (1) |
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The formalisation of the prosecution process |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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The decline of the profit motive |
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33 | (2) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (2) |
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Crime and violence in history |
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42 | (4) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (3) |
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Questions for further discussion |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (3) |
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3 Crime data and crime trends |
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49 | (34) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (10) |
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England and Wales: Criminal Statistics |
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52 | (1) |
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United States: Uniform Crime Reports |
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52 | (1) |
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Assessing official statistics |
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53 | (2) |
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The impact of legislation |
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55 | (1) |
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Understanding `attrition' |
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56 | (4) |
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Limitations of official statistics |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (9) |
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The Crime Survey for England and Wales |
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62 | (4) |
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66 | (2) |
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Other victimisation surveys |
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68 | (1) |
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Assessing victimisation surveys |
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68 | (1) |
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Comparing official statistics and victimisation surveys |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (6) |
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76 | (4) |
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77 | (2) |
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Assessing the self-report method |
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79 | (1) |
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Questions for further discussion |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (3) |
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83 | (28) |
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84 | (1) |
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Academic study of the media |
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85 | (1) |
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Media representations of crime |
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85 | (5) |
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85 | (1) |
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The crime content in the media |
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86 | (2) |
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Violent crime in the news |
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88 | (2) |
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Are the media criminogenic? |
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90 | (6) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (2) |
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96 | (6) |
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97 | (1) |
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Drug use and deviancy amplification |
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98 | (2) |
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100 | (1) |
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Criticisms of moral panic theory |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (3) |
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The relationship between the police and the media |
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102 | (1) |
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The representation of policing |
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103 | (2) |
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105 | (3) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (2) |
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Questions for further discussion |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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Part 2 Understanding crime: theories and concepts |
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111 | (238) |
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5 Classicism and positivism |
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113 | (18) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (6) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (2) |
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Positivism and criminology |
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120 | (9) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (3) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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Questions for further discussion |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (16) |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (6) |
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Eugenics and `feeble-mindedness' |
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133 | (2) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (5) |
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138 | (1) |
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ADHD and brain dysfunction |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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Assessing biological positivism |
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143 | (1) |
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Questions for further discussion |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (3) |
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7 Psychological positivism |
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147 | (22) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (2) |
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Bowlby and `maternal deprivation' |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (7) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (4) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (3) |
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158 | (1) |
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Piaget, Kohlberg, moral development and offending |
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159 | (2) |
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Eysenck's biosocial theory |
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161 | (2) |
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Intelligence and offending |
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163 | (2) |
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Assessing psychological positivism |
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165 | (1) |
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Questions for further discussion |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (2) |
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8 Durkheim, anomie and strain |
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169 | (18) |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (10) |
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Durkheim and social change |
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171 | (1) |
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Durkheim, suicide and anomie |
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172 | (2) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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Anomie and the `American dream' |
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176 | (2) |
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Assessing Merton's anomie theory |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (4) |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (2) |
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182 | (2) |
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184 | (1) |
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Questions for further discussion |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (2) |
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9 The Chicago School, subcultures and cultural criminology |
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187 | (28) |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (8) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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Shaw and McKay: cultural transmission |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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Differential reinforcement |
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194 | (1) |
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Assessing the Chicago School |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (11) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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American subcultural theory |
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200 | (1) |
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British subcultural theory |
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201 | (4) |
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Assessing subcultural theory |
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205 | (2) |
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207 | (2) |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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Media dynamics of crime and control |
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209 | (1) |
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A critique of cultural criminology |
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209 | (2) |
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Questions for further discussion |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (3) |
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10 Interactionism and labelling theory |
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215 | (18) |
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216 | (3) |
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The emergence of labelling theory |
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219 | (1) |
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Primary and secondary deviance |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (3) |
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220 | (1) |
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Becoming a marijuana user |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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Folk Devils and Moral Panics |
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224 | (1) |
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Braithwaite and `shaming' |
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225 | (2) |
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Assessing labelling theory |
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227 | (3) |
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Questions for further discussion |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (3) |
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233 | (18) |
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234 | (1) |
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Reckless's containment theory |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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Neutralisation and drift theory |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (2) |
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237 | (1) |
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Four elements of the social bond |
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238 | (1) |
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Testing social bond theory |
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239 | (5) |
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Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (2) |
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Assessing the general theory of crime |
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243 | (1) |
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Tittle's control-balance theory |
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244 | (3) |
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Relating control-balance to crime |
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245 | (2) |
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247 | (1) |
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Questions for further discussion |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (2) |
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12 Radical and critical criminology |
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251 | (18) |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (3) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (6) |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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From conflict to peacemaking |
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258 | (3) |
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Radical criminology in Britain |
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261 | (3) |
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261 | (2) |
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Contemporary radical criminology |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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Assessing radical criminology |
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264 | (2) |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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Questions for further discussion |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (3) |
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269 | (16) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (6) |
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The critique of `left idealism' |
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271 | (1) |
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The nature of left realism |
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272 | (1) |
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What is to be Done about Law & Order? |
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273 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (2) |
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276 | (6) |
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276 | (1) |
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Distinguishing left and right realism |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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Murray and the `underclass' |
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279 | (2) |
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281 | (1) |
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Questions for further discussion |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (3) |
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14 Contemporary classicism |
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285 | (22) |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (4) |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (2) |
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291 | (5) |
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Routine activity and crime trends |
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292 | (2) |
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Routine activity theory elaborated |
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294 | (2) |
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Situational crime prevention |
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296 | (4) |
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Defensible space and problem-oriented policing |
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296 | (2) |
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Problem-oriented policing |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (2) |
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300 | (2) |
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Assessing contemporary classicism |
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302 | (1) |
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Questions for further discussion |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (3) |
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307 | (20) |
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308 | (1) |
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Early criminology and the female offender |
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308 | (5) |
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309 | (1) |
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W.I. Thomas and Otto Pollak |
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310 | (1) |
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Sociological criminology and the continued invisibility of women |
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311 | (2) |
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The development of modern feminist criminology |
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313 | (3) |
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Female emancipation and crime |
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313 | (1) |
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Carol Smart and feminist criminology |
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314 | (2) |
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Contemporary feminist criminology |
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316 | (6) |
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Understanding women's involvement in crime |
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317 | (2) |
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Women, prison and punishment |
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319 | (1) |
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The nature of women's imprisonment |
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319 | (2) |
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The criminalisation of women |
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321 | (1) |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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Assessing feminist criminology |
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322 | (2) |
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Questions for further discussion |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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325 | (2) |
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16 Late modernity, governmentality and risk |
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327 | (22) |
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The transition to late modernity |
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328 | (3) |
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328 | (1) |
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Changes in property relations |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (1) |
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Foucault and governmentality |
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331 | (6) |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (2) |
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The dispersal of discipline |
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335 | (1) |
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The discipline of Disney World |
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336 | (1) |
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Risk and the new culture of control |
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337 | (6) |
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Garland and The Culture of Control |
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339 | (2) |
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Risk, crime and criminal justice |
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341 | (2) |
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Assessing governmentality, the new penology and risk |
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343 | (3) |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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Questions for further discussion |
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346 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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347 | (2) |
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Part 3 Understanding crime: types and trends |
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349 | (176) |
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17 Victims, victimisation and victimology |
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351 | (30) |
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Understanding victims and victimology |
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352 | (6) |
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352 | (2) |
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The emergence of victimology |
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354 | (1) |
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355 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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Approaches to victimology |
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356 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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357 | (1) |
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357 | (1) |
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The nature of victimisation |
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358 | (5) |
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The extent of victimisation |
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358 | (1) |
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359 | (2) |
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Victimisation and the vulnerable |
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361 | (1) |
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Victimisation and the homeless |
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361 | (1) |
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Victimisation and the elderly |
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362 | (1) |
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The impact of victimisation |
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363 | (2) |
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364 | (1) |
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364 | (1) |
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Emotional and psychological impact |
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364 | (1) |
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365 | (1) |
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365 | (3) |
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368 | (10) |
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Criminal injuries compensation |
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369 | (1) |
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Court-ordered compensation |
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369 | (1) |
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Feminism and `secondary victimisation' |
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370 | (2) |
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372 | (1) |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (1) |
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One stop shop and victim statements |
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375 | (1) |
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Rebalancing the criminal justice system? |
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376 | (2) |
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Questions for further discussion |
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378 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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378 | (3) |
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18 White-collar and corporate crime |
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381 | (34) |
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382 | (5) |
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Edwin Sutherland and white-collar crime |
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383 | (3) |
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Distinguishing between white-collar and corporate crime |
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386 | (1) |
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Exploring white-collar crime |
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387 | (7) |
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388 | (1) |
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389 | (1) |
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390 | (1) |
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391 | (1) |
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392 | (1) |
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392 | (1) |
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393 | (1) |
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Explaining white-collar and corporate crime |
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394 | (3) |
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394 | (1) |
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395 | (1) |
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395 | (1) |
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395 | (2) |
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397 | (1) |
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Understanding white-collar crime |
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397 | (2) |
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397 | (2) |
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Victims of white-collar crime |
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399 | (2) |
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The extent of white-collar crime |
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401 | (2) |
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The impact of white-collar crime |
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403 | (4) |
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Understanding impact: the qualitative dimension |
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406 | (1) |
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Controlling white-collar crime |
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407 | (5) |
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Regulating white-collar crime |
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410 | (1) |
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411 | (1) |
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Questions for further discussion |
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412 | (1) |
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413 | (1) |
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413 | (2) |
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415 | (30) |
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416 | (2) |
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Traditional forms of organised crime |
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418 | (1) |
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418 | (1) |
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419 | (1) |
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419 | (1) |
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Organised crime in America |
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419 | (8) |
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The organisation of organised crime |
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422 | (1) |
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An alien conspiracy theory |
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423 | (1) |
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The ethnic succession thesis |
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423 | (1) |
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How organised was American organized crime? |
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424 | (3) |
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Organised crime in Britain |
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427 | (3) |
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Transnational organised crime |
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430 | (9) |
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Human trafficking and migrant smuggling |
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430 | (5) |
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435 | (4) |
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Transnational crime control |
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439 | (2) |
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439 | (1) |
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440 | (1) |
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Understanding organised crime |
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441 | (2) |
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Questions for further discussion |
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443 | (1) |
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443 | (1) |
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443 | (2) |
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20 Violent and property crime |
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445 | (44) |
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Understanding violent crime |
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446 | (1) |
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447 | (9) |
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447 | (1) |
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448 | (1) |
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449 | (2) |
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451 | (1) |
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452 | (1) |
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452 | (1) |
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Homicide and social status |
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452 | (2) |
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454 | (2) |
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456 | (5) |
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456 | (3) |
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459 | (2) |
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461 | (8) |
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462 | (2) |
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464 | (1) |
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Violent crime and weapons |
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465 | (2) |
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467 | (1) |
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468 | (1) |
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469 | (7) |
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The emergence of `hate crime' |
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470 | (2) |
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Extent of hate crime and the criminal justice response |
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472 | (2) |
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What is the motivation behind hate crime? |
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474 | (1) |
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474 | (2) |
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|
476 | (1) |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
477 | (9) |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
Crimes against retail and manufacturing premises |
|
|
480 | (2) |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
Injuries and deaths on the road |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
|
483 | (2) |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
Thinking about violent and volume crime |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
Questions for further discussion |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
|
487 | (2) |
|
|
489 | (36) |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
491 | (5) |
|
Changing official attitudes toward drugs |
|
|
492 | (4) |
|
|
496 | (3) |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
499 | (3) |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
A reciprocal relationship? |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
Drugs and criminal justice |
|
|
502 | (8) |
|
Coerced treatment and the Drug Interventions Programme |
|
|
503 | (2) |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
|
506 | (4) |
|
|
510 | (13) |
|
|
511 | (3) |
|
|
514 | (2) |
|
Young people, alcohol and moral panic |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
Alcohol, crime and criminal justice |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
|
518 | (2) |
|
Costs of alcohol misuse and alcohol-related crime |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
Government alcohol policy |
|
|
521 | (2) |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
Questions for further discussion |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
Part 4 Understanding criminal justice |
|
|
525 | (268) |
|
22 Penology and punishment |
|
|
527 | (26) |
|
|
528 | (2) |
|
Utilitarian or consequentialist approaches |
|
|
530 | (6) |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
|
533 | (3) |
|
|
536 | (3) |
|
|
537 | (2) |
|
The sociology of punishment |
|
|
539 | (8) |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
|
544 | (2) |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
Conclusion: an era of mass incarceration? |
|
|
547 | (2) |
|
Questions for further discussion |
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
550 | (3) |
|
23 Understanding criminal justice |
|
|
553 | (24) |
|
Government and criminal justice |
|
|
554 | (3) |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
|
555 | (2) |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
Attorney General's Office |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
The criminal justice system |
|
|
557 | (9) |
|
Major agencies, organisations and actors |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC) |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
Community Safety Partnerships (CSPs) |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
Forensic Science Service (FSS) |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
Volunteers in the criminal justice system |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
Criminal justice in Scotland |
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
561 | (2) |
|
The criminal justice process |
|
|
563 | (3) |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
Expenditure and employment |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
Management and oversight in criminal justice |
|
|
566 | (4) |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary for England, Wales and Northern Ireland (HMIC) |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
Her Majesty's Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate (HMCPSI) |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Prisons for England and Wales (HMIP) |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Probation for England and Wales (HMI Probation) |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
Prisons and Probation Ombudsman |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
Politics and criminal justice reform |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
Understanding criminal justice |
|
|
571 | (4) |
|
Adversarial versus inquisitorial systems |
|
|
571 | (2) |
|
Due process versus crime control |
|
|
573 | (2) |
|
Questions for further discussion |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
|
575 | (2) |
|
24 Crime prevention and community safety |
|
|
577 | (34) |
|
Defining crime prevention |
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
Crime prevention as a policy issue |
|
|
578 | (9) |
|
`Five Towns' and `Safer Cities' |
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
From crime prevention to community safety |
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
Crime and Disorder Act 1998 |
|
|
582 | (2) |
|
From community safety to crime reduction |
|
|
584 | (2) |
|
Reviewing the Crime and Disorder Act |
|
|
586 | (1) |
|
|
587 | (5) |
|
|
588 | (2) |
|
The anti-social behaviour and respect agendas |
|
|
590 | (2) |
|
Crime prevention in practice |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
Situational crime prevention |
|
|
592 | (6) |
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
Social and community crime prevention |
|
|
598 | (6) |
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
The Perry Pre-School Project |
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
Cognitive-behavioural interventions with young people |
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
Community approaches to prevention |
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
|
601 | (3) |
|
Analysis for crime prevention |
|
|
604 | (4) |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
|
604 | (2) |
|
Kirkholt Burglary Prevention Project |
|
|
606 | (2) |
|
Questions for further discussion |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
|
609 | (2) |
|
|
611 | (40) |
|
The organisation of policing |
|
|
612 | (4) |
|
|
616 | (5) |
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
National Intelligence Model (NIM) |
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
Investigation and forensics |
|
|
619 | (2) |
|
|
621 | (4) |
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
Detention at the police station |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
|
625 | (2) |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
Problem-oriented policing |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
Intelligence-led policing |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
A brief history of policing |
|
|
627 | (5) |
|
Emergence of the `new police' |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
The Royal Commission on the Police |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
|
629 | (2) |
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
|
632 | (15) |
|
|
632 | (2) |
|
|
634 | (2) |
|
|
636 | (1) |
|
The causes of police corruption |
|
|
637 | (3) |
|
|
640 | (3) |
|
|
643 | (3) |
|
A revolution in policing? |
|
|
646 | (1) |
|
Questions for further discussion |
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
|
648 | (1) |
|
|
648 | (3) |
|
26 Criminal courts and the court process |
|
|
651 | (26) |
|
|
652 | (1) |
|
The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) |
|
|
652 | (4) |
|
|
653 | (1) |
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
|
655 | (1) |
|
|
656 | (1) |
|
|
656 | (2) |
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
|
658 | (3) |
|
|
658 | (2) |
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
|
661 | (4) |
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
664 | (1) |
|
|
665 | (2) |
|
|
667 | (1) |
|
|
667 | (3) |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
|
668 | (2) |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
|
672 | (2) |
|
Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC) |
|
|
673 | (1) |
|
Questions for further discussion |
|
|
674 | (1) |
|
|
674 | (1) |
|
|
674 | (3) |
|
27 Sentencing and non-custodial penalties |
|
|
677 | (28) |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
|
678 | (3) |
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
Fines and other financial penalties |
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
The Community Rehabilitation Order |
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
The Community Punishment Orders |
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
The suspended sentence of imprisonment |
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
|
681 | (6) |
|
The Criminal Justice Act 1991 |
|
|
682 | (1) |
|
Sentencing reform after the 1991 Act |
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
The Crime (Sentences) Act 1997 |
|
|
684 | (1) |
|
Sentencing reform under New Labour |
|
|
684 | (1) |
|
The Auld Review of Criminal Courts |
|
|
685 | (1) |
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
Criminal Justice Act 2003 |
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
Trends in non-custodial sentencing |
|
|
687 | (4) |
|
|
691 | (7) |
|
Punishment in the community |
|
|
692 | (2) |
|
Crime, Justice and Protecting the Public |
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
|
695 | (1) |
|
The probation service and `what works' |
|
|
695 | (1) |
|
A national probation service |
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
The Carter Review and the emergence of NOMS |
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
The Coalition and a `rehabilitation revolution'? |
|
|
698 | (2) |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
Questions for further discussion |
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
|
702 | (3) |
|
28 Prisons and imprisonment |
|
|
705 | (34) |
|
|
706 | (6) |
|
|
707 | (1) |
|
|
708 | (3) |
|
|
711 | (1) |
|
|
712 | (4) |
|
Imprisonment and penal politics |
|
|
715 | (1) |
|
|
716 | (5) |
|
|
719 | (2) |
|
|
721 | (2) |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
|
723 | (8) |
|
|
725 | (2) |
|
Incarceration and social exclusion |
|
|
727 | (1) |
|
|
728 | (1) |
|
|
729 | (2) |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
Governance, accountability and human rights |
|
|
732 | (4) |
|
|
732 | (1) |
|
Grievance or complaints procedures |
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
Human rights and imprisonment |
|
|
734 | (2) |
|
Questions for further discussion |
|
|
736 | (1) |
|
|
736 | (1) |
|
|
736 | (3) |
|
29 Youth crime and youth justice |
|
|
739 | (28) |
|
|
740 | (9) |
|
Persistent young offenders |
|
|
742 | (2) |
|
|
744 | (1) |
|
Ethnic minority youth and crime |
|
|
744 | (2) |
|
|
746 | (2) |
|
|
748 | (1) |
|
|
749 | (9) |
|
|
749 | (1) |
|
Emergence of a juvenile justice system |
|
|
750 | (1) |
|
|
751 | (1) |
|
|
752 | (2) |
|
The rise of managerialism |
|
|
754 | (1) |
|
|
754 | (1) |
|
Youth Offending Teams (YOTs) |
|
|
755 | (1) |
|
|
755 | (1) |
|
|
755 | (3) |
|
|
758 | (1) |
|
Youth Offender Panels (YOPs) |
|
|
758 | (1) |
|
Contemporary youth justice |
|
|
758 | (6) |
|
|
759 | (1) |
|
Criticisms of the anti-social behaviour agenda |
|
|
759 | (1) |
|
Young people and imprisonment |
|
|
760 | (2) |
|
|
762 | (1) |
|
Referral orders and restorative youth justice |
|
|
763 | (1) |
|
Young people, crime and justice |
|
|
764 | (1) |
|
Questions for further discussion |
|
|
764 | (1) |
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
|
765 | (2) |
|
|
767 | (26) |
|
|
768 | (2) |
|
|
768 | (2) |
|
Criminal justice and restorative justice |
|
|
770 | (1) |
|
Defining restorative justice |
|
|
771 | (1) |
|
The objectives of restorative justice |
|
|
772 | (4) |
|
|
772 | (1) |
|
|
773 | (1) |
|
|
774 | (2) |
|
Types of restorative justice |
|
|
776 | (6) |
|
Court-based restitutive and reparative measures |
|
|
776 | (1) |
|
Victim-offender mediation (VOM) |
|
|
776 | (1) |
|
|
777 | (3) |
|
Healing and sentencing circles |
|
|
780 | (1) |
|
|
780 | (1) |
|
|
780 | (1) |
|
Citizens' panels and community boards |
|
|
780 | (2) |
|
Assessing restorativeness |
|
|
782 | (2) |
|
The limits of restorative justice? |
|
|
784 | (4) |
|
Restorative justice and corporate crime |
|
|
784 | (1) |
|
Restorative justice and domestic violence |
|
|
785 | (3) |
|
Assessing restorative justice |
|
|
788 | (4) |
|
Questions for further discussion |
|
|
792 | (1) |
|
|
792 | (1) |
|
|
792 | (1) |
|
Part 5 Critical issues in criminology |
|
|
793 | (152) |
|
31 Race, crime and criminal justice |
|
|
795 | (34) |
|
|
796 | (1) |
|
|
796 | (1) |
|
Ethnicity and victimisation |
|
|
797 | (8) |
|
|
797 | (1) |
|
|
798 | (1) |
|
|
798 | (4) |
|
|
802 | (1) |
|
Community, conflict and cohesion |
|
|
803 | (2) |
|
|
805 | (4) |
|
|
805 | (2) |
|
|
807 | (1) |
|
|
807 | (2) |
|
Experience of the criminal justice system |
|
|
809 | (13) |
|
|
810 | (1) |
|
Racism and stop and search |
|
|
811 | (1) |
|
|
812 | (2) |
|
|
814 | (2) |
|
Cautioning, arrest and sentencing |
|
|
816 | (2) |
|
Ethnicity and imprisonment |
|
|
818 | (1) |
|
|
819 | (1) |
|
|
819 | (2) |
|
Views of the criminal justice system |
|
|
821 | (1) |
|
Minority representation in the criminal justice system |
|
|
822 | (3) |
|
Questions for further discussion |
|
|
825 | (1) |
|
|
825 | (1) |
|
|
826 | (3) |
|
32 Gender, crime and justice |
|
|
829 | (32) |
|
Female and male offending |
|
|
830 | (4) |
|
|
831 | (3) |
|
Women and the criminal justice process |
|
|
834 | (8) |
|
Cautioning, arrest and prosecution |
|
|
834 | (1) |
|
|
834 | (3) |
|
|
837 | (1) |
|
|
838 | (2) |
|
Understanding women and criminal justice |
|
|
840 | (1) |
|
Women in the criminal justice system: the future |
|
|
841 | (1) |
|
|
842 | (9) |
|
|
842 | (1) |
|
|
843 | (1) |
|
|
844 | (1) |
|
|
844 | (2) |
|
Policing rape and domestic violence |
|
|
846 | (1) |
|
|
847 | (2) |
|
|
849 | (2) |
|
Women's role in social control |
|
|
851 | (4) |
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
Women in the probation and prison services (NOMS) |
|
|
853 | (1) |
|
Women and the legal professions |
|
|
854 | (1) |
|
Masculinity, men and victimisation |
|
|
855 | (2) |
|
|
855 | (2) |
|
|
857 | (1) |
|
Questions for further discussion |
|
|
857 | (1) |
|
|
857 | (1) |
|
|
858 | (3) |
|
33 Criminal and forensic psychology |
|
|
861 | (36) |
|
Psychology and criminology |
|
|
862 | (2) |
|
History of psychology and criminology |
|
|
864 | (1) |
|
Individual factors in crime |
|
|
864 | (6) |
|
Risk and protective factors |
|
|
865 | (1) |
|
|
865 | (1) |
|
|
866 | (1) |
|
Socio-economic, peer, school and community factors |
|
|
867 | (1) |
|
Risk factors and crime prevention |
|
|
867 | (1) |
|
Developmental or life course criminology |
|
|
868 | (1) |
|
|
869 | (1) |
|
Moffitt's theory of offending types |
|
|
869 | (1) |
|
Mental disorder and crime |
|
|
870 | (3) |
|
The prevalence of mental disorders |
|
|
871 | (1) |
|
Mental disorder and offending |
|
|
871 | (1) |
|
Understanding mental disorder and crime |
|
|
872 | (1) |
|
|
873 | (13) |
|
|
874 | (3) |
|
|
877 | (1) |
|
|
878 | (1) |
|
|
878 | (2) |
|
Investigative interviewing |
|
|
880 | (1) |
|
|
881 | (2) |
|
|
883 | (1) |
|
Statement validity analysis |
|
|
884 | (2) |
|
The courtroom and psychology |
|
|
886 | (4) |
|
Recall/eyewitness testimony |
|
|
886 | (1) |
|
|
887 | (1) |
|
|
888 | (1) |
|
|
888 | (1) |
|
|
889 | (1) |
|
Juries and other influences |
|
|
889 | (1) |
|
|
889 | (1) |
|
|
890 | (1) |
|
Treatment of offenders and `What Works' |
|
|
890 | (3) |
|
Cognitive skills programmes |
|
|
892 | (1) |
|
Questions for further discussion |
|
|
893 | (1) |
|
|
894 | (1) |
|
|
894 | (3) |
|
|
897 | (20) |
|
|
898 | (2) |
|
|
900 | (3) |
|
Late modern capitalism and neo-liberalism |
|
|
900 | (1) |
|
|
901 | (2) |
|
Thinking about environmental harm |
|
|
903 | (1) |
|
|
904 | (4) |
|
|
904 | (1) |
|
|
905 | (1) |
|
|
906 | (1) |
|
|
906 | (2) |
|
|
908 | (1) |
|
|
908 | (1) |
|
State, organised crime and the environment |
|
|
909 | (1) |
|
|
910 | (4) |
|
Questions for further discussion |
|
|
914 | (1) |
|
|
914 | (1) |
|
|
914 | (3) |
|
35 Globalisation, terrorism and human rights |
|
|
917 | (28) |
|
|
918 | (3) |
|
Globalisation and criminology |
|
|
919 | (1) |
|
|
919 | (2) |
|
|
921 | (8) |
|
|
922 | (1) |
|
|
922 | (1) |
|
The new international terrorism |
|
|
923 | (1) |
|
Special powers for special circumstances? |
|
|
924 | (1) |
|
Control orders and the PATRIOT Act |
|
|
925 | (1) |
|
Terrorism and the `new wars' |
|
|
926 | (1) |
|
Private military industry |
|
|
926 | (1) |
|
Privatised security in Iraq |
|
|
927 | (2) |
|
|
929 | (5) |
|
|
930 | (1) |
|
|
930 | (1) |
|
|
931 | (1) |
|
|
931 | (1) |
|
War as crime and war crimes |
|
|
932 | (2) |
|
|
934 | (10) |
|
|
934 | (1) |
|
Human rights in the twentieth century |
|
|
934 | (2) |
|
|
936 | (1) |
|
The Human Rights Act 1998 |
|
|
937 | (2) |
|
The impact of the Human Rights Act |
|
|
939 | (2) |
|
Criminology and human rights |
|
|
941 | (1) |
|
Dealing with human rights abuses |
|
|
942 | (2) |
|
Questions for further discussion |
|
|
944 | (1) |
|
|
944 | (1) |
|
|
944 | (1) |
|
|
945 | |
|
36 Understanding criminological research |
|
|
947 | (26) |
|
|
948 | (1) |
|
|
948 | (13) |
|
|
949 | (2) |
|
|
951 | (2) |
|
|
953 | (2) |
|
|
955 | (2) |
|
|
957 | (3) |
|
|
960 | (1) |
|
|
960 | (1) |
|
|
961 | (2) |
|
Random (or probability) sampling |
|
|
961 | (1) |
|
|
961 | (1) |
|
|
962 | (1) |
|
|
962 | (1) |
|
|
963 | (1) |
|
|
963 | (1) |
|
|
963 | (3) |
|
|
964 | (1) |
|
Numerical and categorical data |
|
|
964 | (1) |
|
|
964 | (1) |
|
|
965 | (1) |
|
Probability and significance |
|
|
965 | (1) |
|
Controversy: evaluation and experimentation |
|
|
966 | (4) |
|
|
966 | (1) |
|
Quasi-experimental methods |
|
|
967 | (1) |
|
|
968 | (2) |
|
Questions for further discussion |
|
|
970 | (1) |
|
|
970 | (1) |
|
|
971 | (2) |
|
37 Doing criminological research |
|
|
973 | |
|
|
974 | (1) |
|
|
974 | (3) |
|
Doing a literature review |
|
|
977 | (2) |
|
|
979 | (1) |
|
|
979 | (2) |
|
Hypothetico-deductive theory |
|
|
979 | (1) |
|
|
980 | (1) |
|
|
981 | (2) |
|
Research governance/ethics |
|
|
983 | (1) |
|
|
984 | (1) |
|
|
985 | (3) |
|
|
986 | (1) |
|
|
986 | (1) |
|
|
986 | (2) |
|
|
988 | (1) |
|
|
989 | (1) |
|
|
990 | |