Atjaunināt sīkdatņu piekrišanu

Environmental Science and Technology: A Sustainable Approach to Green Science and Technology, Second Edition 2nd edition [Hardback]

4.00/5 (14 ratings by Goodreads)
(University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, Columbia, USA)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 672 pages, height x width: 254x178 mm, weight: 1383 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 20-Oct-2006
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0849395127
  • ISBN-13: 9780849395123
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
  • Hardback
  • Cena: 236,78 €
  • Grāmatu piegādes laiks ir 3-4 nedēļas, ja grāmata ir uz vietas izdevniecības noliktavā. Ja izdevējam nepieciešams publicēt jaunu tirāžu, grāmatas piegāde var aizkavēties.
  • Daudzums:
  • Ielikt grozā
  • Piegādes laiks - 4-6 nedēļas
  • Pievienot vēlmju sarakstam
  • Formāts: Hardback, 672 pages, height x width: 254x178 mm, weight: 1383 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 20-Oct-2006
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0849395127
  • ISBN-13: 9780849395123
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Formally established by the EPA nearly 15 years ago, the concept of green chemistry is beginning to come of age. Although several books cover green chemistry and chemical engineering, none of them transfer green principles to science and technology in general and their impact on the future. Defining industrial ecology, Environmental Science and Technology: A Sustainable Approach to Green Science and Technology provides a general overview of green science and technology and their essential role in ensuring environmental sustainability.

Written by a leading expert, the book provides the essential background for understanding green science and technology and how they relate to sustainability. In addition to the hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere traditionally covered in environmental science books, this book is unique in recognizing the anthrosphere as a distinct sphere of the environment. The author explains how the anthrosphere can be designed and operated in a manner that does not degrade environmental quality and, in most favorable circumstances, may even enhance it.

With the current emphasis shifting from end-of-pipe solutions to pollution prevention and control of resource consumption, green principles are increasingly moving into the mainstream. This book provides the foundation not only for understanding green science and technology, but also for taking its application to the next level.
Preface v
The Author ix
Sustainability Through Green Science and Technology
1(34)
Sustainability
1(3)
As We Enter the Anthropocene
2(1)
Achieving Sustainability
2(1)
The Economics of Sustainability
3(1)
Natural Capital and the Quality of Life
4(2)
Sustainability and the Common Good
6(2)
The Master Equation
8(1)
The Goals and Priorities of Green Science and Technology
9(1)
Green Science
10(1)
Green Technology
11(1)
Life-Cycle Analysis
12(2)
The Eco-Economy and Eco-Efficiency
14(1)
Design for Environment
15(1)
Green Products and Services
16(1)
Twelve Principles of Green Science and Technology
17(18)
Depletion of Earth's Resources and Environmental Destruction
18(1)
Number of People Times Demand Per Person
19(1)
Technology Will Be Used
20(1)
The Anthrosphere
21(1)
Energy: Key to Sustainability
21(1)
Protection of Climate
22(1)
Maintenance and Enhancement of Biological and Food Productivity
23(1)
Reduction of Material Demand
24(1)
Minimization of Toxic, Dangerous, Persistent Substances
25(1)
Quality of Life
26(1)
The Risks of No Risks
27(1)
The Achievement of Sustainability
27(1)
Literature Cited
28(1)
Supplementary References
29(2)
Questions and Problems
31(4)
The Five Environmental Spheres
35(26)
Introduction
35(1)
The Hydrosphere
35(5)
The Atmosphere
40(4)
The Geosphere
44(3)
The Biosphere
47(4)
The Anthrosphere
51(5)
The Sociosphere
54(2)
Cycles of Matter
56(5)
Supplementary References
58(1)
Questions and Problems
59(2)
Green Chemistry, Biology, and Biochemistry
61(38)
Introduction
61(1)
Introduction to Chemistry: Atoms and Elements
61(2)
Atoms
62(1)
Elements and the Periodic Table
63(3)
Chemical Compounds and Chemical Bonds
66(3)
Chemical Compounds with Covalent Bonds
66(1)
Ionic Bonds
67(2)
Dealing with Matter Quantitatively: The Mole
69(1)
Chemical Reactions and Equations
69(1)
Physical Properties and States of Matter
70(2)
Thermal Properties of Matter
72(1)
Acids, Bases, and Salts
73(2)
Acids
73(1)
Bases
73(1)
Salts
74(1)
Dissociation of Acids and Bases in Water
74(1)
Hydrogen Ion Concentration and pH
74(1)
Organic Chemistry
75(1)
Molecular Geometry in Organic Chemistry
76(1)
Hydrocarbons
76(5)
Alkanes
77(1)
Formulas of Alkanes
77(1)
Naming Organic Compounds
78(1)
Reactivity of Alkanes
79(1)
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
79(2)
Green Chemistry
81(2)
Biology
83(2)
Cells: Basic Units of Life
85(1)
Prokaryotic Cells
85(1)
Eukaryotic Cells
86(1)
Metabolism and Control in Organisms
86(4)
Enzymes in Metabolism
87(1)
Nutrients
88(1)
Regulation of Metabolism
89(1)
Biochemicals and Biochemistry
90(9)
Carbohydrates
90(2)
Proteins
92(1)
Lipids: Fats, Oils, and Hormones
93(1)
Nucleic Acids
93(3)
Literature Cited
96(1)
Questions and Problems
96(3)
Water: A Unique Substance Essential for Life
99(22)
A Fantastic Molecule
99(1)
Water as an Essential Resource
100(2)
Occurrence of Water
102(3)
Water Utilization
105(2)
Standing Bodies of Water
107(2)
Flowing Water
109(2)
Sedimentation by Flowing Water
109(1)
Free-Flowing Rivers
110(1)
Groundwater
111(1)
Impoundment and Transfer of Water
112(2)
Water: A Very Useful Green Substance
114(1)
Water Technology and Industrial Use
115(6)
Supplementary References
118(1)
Questions and Problems
118(3)
Aquatic Biology, Microbiology, and Chemistry
121(28)
Organisms in Water
121(3)
Physical and Chemical Factors in Aquatic Life
123(1)
Life in the Ocean
124(1)
Life at the Interface of Seawater with Freshwater and with Land
125(1)
Freshwater Life
126(2)
Microorganisms in Water
128(3)
Algae in Water
128(1)
Fungi in Water
128(1)
Bacteria in Water
129(1)
Factors Affecting Bacterial Growth
129(2)
Microorganisms and Elemental Transitions
131(3)
Microbial Degradation of Organic Matter
133(1)
Acid-Base Phenomena in Aquatic Chemistry
134(2)
Alkalinity
134(1)
Acidity
134(1)
Carbon Dioxide in Water
135(1)
Phase Interactions and Solubility
136(5)
Gases
137(1)
Carbon Dioxide and Carbonate Species in Water
138(1)
Sediments
138(1)
Colloids in Water
139(2)
Oxidation-Reduction
141(2)
Metal Ions and Calcium in Water
143(1)
Calcium and Hardness in Water
143(1)
Complexation and Speciation of Metals
144(5)
Organometallic Compounds
146(1)
Supplementary References
146(1)
Questions and Problems
147(2)
Keeping Water Green
149(32)
Water Pollution: Green Water May Not Be So Green
149(1)
Nature and Types of Water Pollutants
149(1)
Heavy Metals
150(3)
Organically Bound Metal Water Pollutants
151(1)
Heavy Metal Pollutants and Green Technology
152(1)
Inorganic Water Pollutants
153(2)
Acidity
154(1)
Water Pollutants That are Just Too Nutritious
154(1)
Organic Water Pollutants
155(2)
Oxygen-Demanding Substances
155(1)
Sewage
156(1)
Detergents in Sewage
156(1)
Pesticides in Water
157(4)
Insecticides
158(2)
Herbicides
160(1)
The Infamous Dioxin
161(1)
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBS)
161(1)
Radioactive Substances in Water
162(2)
Municipal Water Treatment and Green Ozone for Water Disinfection
164(2)
Treatment of Water for Industrial Use
166(1)
Wastewater Treatment
167(2)
Water as a Green Resource
169(3)
Alternative Green Uses of Water
172(1)
Water: A Most Useful Substance
173(2)
Hot Water: Pressurized Subcritical Hot Water
175(1)
Supercritical Water
176(5)
Literature Cited
177(1)
Supplementary References
177(1)
Questions and Problems
178(3)
The Atmosphere: A Protective Blanket Around Us
181(24)
Living at the Bottom of a Sea of Gas
181(3)
The Protective Atmosphere
182(1)
Atmospheric Chemistry and Photochemistry
183(1)
Formation of Ions in the Atmosphere
183(1)
Composition of the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Weather
184(2)
The Properties of Gases and the Gas Laws
186(1)
The Atmosphere as a Medium for the Transfer of Mass and Energy
187(3)
Meteorology
190(4)
Topographical Effects
191(1)
Temperature Inversions
191(1)
Influence of Ocean Currents
192(1)
Global Air Circulation
193(1)
Weather, Weather Fronts, and Storms
194(3)
Climate
197(1)
Microclimate
198(1)
Atmospheric Particles
199(1)
The Atmosphere as a Reservoir of Natural Capital
200(5)
Supplementary References
202(1)
Questions and Problems
202(3)
Environmental Chemistry of the Atmosphere
205(38)
Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry
205(1)
Photochemical Processes
206(2)
Chain Reactions in the Atmosphere: Hydroxyl and Hydroperoxyl Radicals in the Atmosphere
208(2)
Oxidation Processes in the Atmosphere
210(2)
Acid-Base Reactions in the Atmosphere
212(1)
Air Pollution
213(1)
Environmental Fate and Transport in the Atmosphere
214(2)
Reactions of Atmospheric Oxygen
216(2)
Ozone and the Ozone Layer
217(1)
Carbon Oxides
218(2)
Carbon Monoxide
218(1)
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
219(1)
Reactions of Atmospheric Nitrogen and Its Oxides
220(3)
Air Pollutant Nitrogen Compounds
221(1)
Atmospheric Reactions of NOx
222(1)
Harmful Effects of Nitrogen Oxides
222(1)
Ammonia as an Atmospheric Pollutant
223(1)
Sulfur Compounds in the Atmosphere
223(2)
Sulfur Dioxide Reactions in the Atmosphere
223(1)
Effects of Atmospheric Sulfur Dioxide
224(1)
Hydrogen Sulfide, Carbonyl Sulfide, and Carbon Disulfide
224(1)
Fluorine, Chlorine, and Their Gaseous Inorganic Compounds
225(1)
Chlorine and Hydrogen Chloride
225(1)
Water in Atmospheric Chemistry
226(1)
Atmospheric Particles and Atmospheric Chemistry
226(4)
Formation and Composition of Inorganic Particles
227(1)
Radioactive Particles
228(1)
Organic Particles in the Atmosphere
229(1)
Effects of Particles
229(1)
Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere
230(5)
Pollutant Hydrocarbons
231(1)
Organooxygen Compounds
231(1)
Organonitrogen Compounds
232(1)
Organohalides
233(1)
Organosulfur Compounds
234(1)
Photochemical Smog and Its Harmful Effects
235(8)
Supplemental References
238(1)
Questions and Problems
239(4)
Sustaining an Atmosphere for Life on Earth
243(42)
Blue Skies for a Green Earth
243(2)
Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming
245(7)
Methane
247(1)
Radiative Forcing and Feedback Mechanisms
248(1)
Particles and Global Warming
249(1)
The Outlook for Global Warming
249(2)
Serious Concern over Changes in Climate
251(1)
Green Science and Technology to Alleviate Global Warming
252(4)
Minimization
252(2)
Counteracting Measures
254(1)
Adaptation
255(1)
Drought and Desertification
256(1)
Green Science and Technology to Combat Desertification
257(2)
Acid Precipitation
259(3)
Green Remedies for Acid Precipitation
262(1)
Stratospheric Ozone Destruction
263(4)
The Antarctic Ozone Hole
266(1)
The Nobel Prize in Environmental Chemistry
267(1)
Green Solutions to Stratospheric Ozone Destruction
267(2)
Photochemical Smog
269(7)
Effects of Smog
270(1)
The Urban Aerosol and Acid Fog
271(1)
Effects of Smog on Plants and Crops
271(2)
Green Solutions to the Smog Problem
273(2)
Hybrids
275(1)
Green Transportation Alternatives
276(1)
Catastrophic Atmospheric Events
276(3)
Nuclear Winter
276(2)
Visitors from Outer Space
278(1)
Are There Green Remedies for Atmospheric Catastrophes?
279(1)
Sensible Measures
279(6)
Literature Cited
280(1)
Supplementary References
280(3)
Questions and Problems
283(2)
The Geosphere
285(38)
The Geosphere
285(2)
Earth Science
286(1)
Sustainability of the Geosphere and Geodiversity
287(1)
The Nature of Solids in the Geosphere
287(2)
Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rock
287(1)
Structure and Properties of Minerals
288(1)
The Restless Earth
289(3)
Structural Geology
290(1)
Internal Processes
291(1)
Surface Processes
292(1)
Sediments
292(1)
Interaction with the Atmosphere and Hydrosphere
293(2)
Life Support by the Geosphere
295(1)
Geochemistry
295(3)
Physical and Chemical Aspects of Weathering
296(1)
Isotopic Geochemistry
297(1)
Water on and in the Geosphere and Water Wells
298(2)
Economic Geology
300(1)
Geospheric Resources
300(1)
Geospheric Sources of Useful Minerals
301(3)
Deposits from Igneous Rocks and Magmatic Activity
302(1)
Deposits from Hydrothermal Activity
302(1)
Deposits Formed by Sedimentary or Metamorphic Processes
303(1)
Evaluation of Mineral Resources
304(1)
Extraction and Mining
305(1)
Metals
306(1)
Nonmetal Mineral Resources
307(5)
How Long Well Essential Minerals Last?
312(1)
Green Sources of Minerals
313(10)
Exploitation of Lower Grade Ores
315(1)
Remote Sources of Minerals
315(1)
Waste Mining
316(1)
Recycling
317(1)
Supplementary References
317(3)
Questions and Problems
320(3)
Soil, Agriculture, and Food Production
323(38)
Agriculture
323(2)
Crop and Livestock Faming
324(1)
Influence of Agriculture on the Environment
324(1)
Agriculture and Sustainability
324(1)
Soil: Essential for Life, Key to Sustainability
325(1)
What Is Soil?
325(1)
Soil Formation and Horizons
326(3)
Soil Horizons
327(2)
Soil Macrostructure and Microstructure
329(2)
Soil Macrostructure
329(1)
Soil Microstructure
330(1)
Water in Soil
330(1)
Inorganic and Organic Matter in Soil
331(2)
The Inorganic Components of Soil
331(1)
Organic Matter in Soil
332(1)
Soil Humus
333(1)
Nutrients and Fertilizers in Soil
333(5)
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium in Soil
333(3)
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilizers
336(1)
Micronutrients in Soil
337(1)
Adjustment of Soil Acidity
338(1)
Soil and the Biosphere
338(1)
Wastes and Pollutants in Soil
339(2)
Degradation of Pesticides in Soil
340(1)
Biodegradation and the Rhizosphere
341(1)
Soil Loss and Deterioration
341(3)
Factors in Soil Sustainability
342(1)
Erosion
343(1)
Soil Conservation and Restoration
344(2)
Soil Restoration
345(1)
Water Resources and Soil
346(1)
Shifting Cultivation: Slash and Burn
346(1)
Process Intensification in Agriculture
347(1)
Sustainable Agricultural Management
348(2)
Agroforestry
350(1)
Protein from Plants and Animals
351(1)
Agricultural Applications of Genetically Modified Organisms
352(9)
The Major Transgenic Crops and Their Characteristics
353(2)
Future Crops
355(2)
Supplementary References
357(1)
Questions and Problems
358(3)
Geospheric Hazards and Sustaining a Green Geosphere
361(30)
Managing the Geosphere
361(1)
The Angry Earth
361(1)
Earthquakes
362(3)
Tsunamis from Earthquakes
364(1)
Mitigating Earthquake Effects
364(1)
Volcanoes
365(2)
Mitigating Effects of Volcanoes
366(1)
Surface Processes
367(3)
Mass Movements and Landslides
367(2)
Subsidence
369(1)
Expansive Soil
370(1)
Permafrost
370(1)
The Vulnerable Coasts
370(4)
Tropical Cyclones
371(1)
Tsunamis
372(1)
Coastal Erosion
372(1)
Preserving the Coastline
373(1)
Engineering Geology
374(1)
The Crysosphere and Vanishing Permafrost
375(1)
Construction on the Geosphere
376(2)
Digging in the Dirt
378(4)
Excavations Below the Surface
379(1)
Green Underground Storage
380(1)
Salt Dome Storage
381(1)
Modifying the Geosphere to Manage Water
382(1)
Derelict Lands and Brownfields: Recycling Land
383(8)
Literature Cited
385(1)
Supplementary References
386(1)
Questions and Problems
387(4)
The Biosphere: Ecosystems and Biological Communities
391(32)
Life and the Biosphere
391(2)
Organisms and Green Science and Technology
393(1)
Ecology and Life Systems
394(2)
What is a Biological Community?
396(1)
Physical Characteristics and Conditions
397(2)
Effects of Climate
399(1)
Species
400(2)
Populations
402(1)
Survival of Life Systems, Productivity, Diversity, and Resilience
403(2)
Relationships Among Species
405(3)
Changing Communities
408(2)
Human Effects
410(1)
Human Actions to Preserve and Improve Life on Earth
411(2)
Laws and Regulations
413(1)
Organisms Interacting with Foreign Chemicals
414(3)
Biodegradation
417(6)
Supplementary References
419(1)
Questions and Problems
420(3)
Toxic Effects on Organisms and Toxicological Chemistry
423(24)
Toxic Substances and Green Science and Technology
423(3)
Toxicology
423(3)
Synergism, Potentiation, and Antagonism
426(1)
Dose-Response Relationships
426(1)
Relative Toxicities
427(1)
Reversibility and Sensitivity
428(1)
Hypersensitivity and Hyposensitivity
429(1)
Xenobiotic and Endogenous Substances
429(1)
Toxicological Chemistry
430(2)
Kinetic Phase and Dynamic Phase
432(3)
Kinetic Phase
432(1)
Dynamic Phase
432(3)
Teratogenesis, Mutagenesis, Carcinogenesis, Immune System Effects, and Reproductive Effects
435(5)
Carcinogenesis
437(3)
Testing for Carcinogens
440(1)
Immune System Response
440(1)
Health Hazards
440(7)
Assessment of Potential Exposure
441(1)
Epidemiological Evidence
441(1)
Supplementary References
442(1)
Questions and Problems
443(4)
Bioproductivity for a Greener Future
447(32)
From Biomaterials to Petroleum and Back Again
447(1)
Types of Biomaterials
448(2)
Plant Productivity
450(1)
Genetic Material and Its Manipulation
451(3)
Genome Sequencing and Green Science and Technology
454(1)
Genetic Engineering
454(3)
Biomaterials and Their Processing
457(4)
Feedstocks
461(1)
Glucose Feedstock
462(3)
Cellulose Feedstock
465(3)
Feedstocks from Cellulose Wastes
467(1)
Lignin Feedstock
468(1)
Chemical Production by Biosynthesis
469(5)
Bioconversions of Synthetic Chemicals
471(1)
p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid from Toluene
471(2)
Production of 5-Cyanovaleramide
473(1)
Direct Biosynthesis of Polymers
474(5)
Questions and Problems
475(4)
The Anthrosphere as Part of the Global Environment
479(46)
The Earth as Made by Humans
479(1)
Constructs in the Anthrosphere
480(2)
Anthrospheric Flows
482(1)
Anthrospheric Conduits
482(1)
Infrastructure
483(2)
Transportation and the Telecommuter Society
485(3)
The Communications Revolution
488(2)
Technology and Engineering
490(6)
Technology
490(3)
Engineering
493(3)
Acquisition of Raw Materials
496(3)
Raw Materials
496(1)
Materials from Earth's Crust: Mining
497(1)
Manufactured Materials
498(1)
Agriculture: The Most Basic Industry
499(4)
Industries
503(2)
Classification of Industries
503(1)
Manufacturing
504(1)
Automation, Robotics, and Computers in Manufacturing
505(1)
Materials Science
505(2)
Polymers
506(1)
Ceramics
506(1)
Composites
506(1)
Automation
507(3)
Robotics
510(1)
Computers and Technology
511(2)
Thinking Small: Micromachines and Nanotechnology
513(3)
Micromachines
513(1)
Nanotechnology
514(2)
High Technology
516(9)
Supplementary References
518(3)
Questions and Problems
521(4)
Industrial Ecology for Sustainable Resource Utilization
525(40)
Introduction
525(2)
The Old, Unsustainable Way
527(1)
Earth Systems Engineering and Management
528(2)
Ecological Engineering
530(1)
The Emergence of Industrial Ecology
530(1)
The Five Major Components of an Industrial Ecosystem
531(3)
Industrial Metabolism
534(1)
Materials Flow and Recycling in an Industrial Ecosystem
535(2)
The Kalundborg Industrial Ecosystem
537(1)
Environmental Impacts and Wastes
538(3)
Air Pollutants
539(1)
Water Pollutants
539(1)
Wastes and Hazardous Wastes
539(2)
Three Key Attributes: Energy, Materials, Diversity
541(5)
Unlimited Energy
541(1)
Efficient Material Utilization
542(4)
Diversity and Robust Character of Industrial Ecosystems
546(1)
Life Cycles: Expanding and Closing the Materials Loop
546(3)
Product Stewardship
548(1)
Embedded Utility
548(1)
Life-Cycle Assessment and Scoping
549(2)
Consumable, Recyclable, and Service (Durable) Products
551(2)
Desirable Characteristics of Consumables
551(1)
Desirable Characteristics of Recyclables
552(1)
Desirable Characteristics of Service Products
552(1)
Design for Environment
553(2)
Products, Processes, and Facilities
553(1)
Key Factors in Design for Environment
554(1)
Hazardous Materials in Design for Environment
555(1)
Inherent Safety
555(2)
Increased Safety with Smaller Size
556(1)
Twelve Principles of Green Engineering
557(8)
Literature Cited
560(1)
Supplementary References
560(2)
Questions and Problems
562(3)
Adequate, Sustainable Energy: Key to Sustainability
565(42)
Introduction
565(1)
Nature of Energy
565(2)
Sources of Energy Used in the Anthrosphere
567(2)
Energy Devices and Conversions
569(5)
Fuel Cells
573(1)
Green Technology and Energy Conversion Efficiency
574(1)
The Energy Problem
575(1)
World Energy Resources
576(1)
Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Sources
577(3)
Petroleum and Natural Gas
580(1)
Coal
581(2)
Coal Conversion
582(1)
Carbon Sequestration for Fossil Fuel Utilization
583(1)
Nuclear Energy
584(4)
Nuclear Fission
585(2)
Nuclear Fusion
587(1)
Geothermal Energy
588(1)
The Sun: An Ideal, Renewable Energy Source
588(3)
Hydrogen as a Means to Store and Utilize Energy
591(1)
Energy from Moving Air and Moving Water
592(3)
The Surprising Success of Wind Power
592(2)
Energy from Moving Water
594(1)
Biomass Energy
595(6)
Ethanol Fuel
596(1)
Biodiesel Fuel
597(1)
The Unrealized Potential of Lignocellulose Fuels
598(3)
Biogas
601(1)
Combined Power Cycles
601(6)
Supplementary References
602(2)
Questions and Problems
604(3)
Index 607


Manahan, Stanley E.