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E-grāmata: Essential Astrophysics: Interstellar Medium to Stellar Remnants

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  • Formāts: 172 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 26-Sep-2021
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000455526
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Essential Astrophysics: Interstellar Medium to Stellar RemnantsPalielināt
  • Formāts: 172 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 26-Sep-2021
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000455526
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This book takes a reader on a tour of astronomical phenomena: from the vastness of the interstellar medium, to the formation and evolution of stars and planetary systems, through to white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes, the final objects of the stellar graveyard.



This book takes a reader on a tour of astronomical phenomena: from the vastness of the interstellar medium, to the formation and evolution of stars and planetary systems, through to white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes, the final objects of the stellar graveyard. At its heart, this book is a journey through the evolutionary history of the birth, life, and death of stars, but detours are also made to other related interesting topics.

This highly accessible story of the observed contents of our Galaxy includes intuitive explanations, informative diagrams, and basic equations, as needed. It is an ideal guide for undergraduates with some physics and mathematics background who are studying astronomy and astrophysics. It is also accessible to interested laypeople, thanks to its limited equations.

Key features:

  • Includes coverage of some of the latest exciting research from the field, including star formation, exoplanets, and black holes

  • Can be utilised as a stand-alone textbook for a one-term course or as a supplementary textbook for a more comprehensive course on astronomy and astrophysics

  • Authored by a team respected for research, education, and outreach

Shantanu Basu is an astrophysicist and a professor at The University of Western Ontario, Canada. He is known for research contributions on the formation of gravitationally-collapsed objects in the universe: stars, planets, brown dwarfs, and supermassive black holes. He is one of the originators of the migrating embryo scenario of episodic accretion onto young stars. He has been recognized for his teaching excellence and his contributions to the astronomical community include organizing many conferences and training schools.

Pranav Sharma is an astronomer and science historian known for his work on the history of the Indian Space Program. He has curated the Space Museum at the B. M. Birla Science Centre (Hyderabad, India). He is in-charge of the history of Indo-French scientific partnership project supported by the Embassy of France in India. He is a national-award-winning science communicator and has extensively worked on the popularization of astronomy education in India.

List of Figures ix
Preface xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1(18)
1.1 Overview
1(4)
1.2 Units
5(2)
1.3 Basic Physics For Astrophysics
7(11)
1.3.1 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
7(1)
1.3.2 Specific Intensity and Optical Depth
8(2)
1.3.3 Blackbody Spectrum
10(3)
1.3.4 Level Populations
13(1)
1.3.5 s Measuring Temperature
14(1)
1.3.6 Spectral Line Formation
15(1)
1.3.7 Line Broadening
16(2)
1.4 Concluding Thoughts
18(1)
Chapter 2 The Interstellar Medium 19(28)
2.1 Introduction
19(2)
2.2 The Discovery Of Interstellar Dust
21(3)
2.3 The Discovery Of Interstellar Gas
24(1)
2.4 An Inventory Of The Interstellar Medium
25(17)
2.4.1 Gaseous Nebulae
25(4)
2.4.2 Interstellar Gas
29(2)
2.4.3 Magnetic Field
31(7)
2.4.4 Cosmic Rays
38(2)
2.4.5 Emission Nebulae (H II Regions)
40(2)
2.5 Blast Waves
42(5)
Chapter 3 Star Formation 47(22)
3.1 Introduction
47(1)
3.2 Clouds And Collapse
48(6)
3.2.1 Molecular Cloud Fragmentation
48(2)
3.2.2 Jeans Instability Criterion
50(1)
3.2.3 Magnetic Field Support
51(1)
3.2.4 Gravitational Collapse
52(2)
3.3 Protostellar Phase
54(11)
3.3.1 Protostars and Pre-main-sequence Stars
54(3)
3.3.2 Outflows and Jets
57(2)
3.3.3 Disk Evolution
59(6)
3.4 Stellar Masses
65(4)
3.4.1 The Substellar Mass Limit
65(2)
3.4.2 Initial Mass Munction
67(2)
Chapter 4 Stars 69(22)
4.1 Introduction
69(1)
4.2 Stellar Structure
69(5)
4.2.1 Gravitation
69(1)
4.2.2 Free Fall
70(1)
4.2.3 Virial Theorem
71(1)
4.2.4 Total Energy
71(1)
4.2.5 Energy from Gravitational Contraction
72(1)
4.2.6 Nuclear Energy
72(2)
4.2.7 Internal Pressure and Temperature
74(1)
4.3 Observing The Stars
74(10)
4.3.1 Trigonometric Parallax
75(1)
4.3.2 Moving Cluster Method
76(1)
4.3.3 Luminosity Distances
76(1)
4.3.4 Magnitude Scale
77(1)
4.3.5 Absolute Magnitude
78(1)
4.3.6 Magnitudes at Different Wavelengths
79(1)
4.3.7 Bolometric Magnitudes
79(1)
4.3.8 Stellar Spectra
80(4)
4.4 Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) Diagram
84(3)
4.4.1 Luminosity Classes
85(2)
4.4.2 Color-magnitude diagrams
87(1)
4.5 Star Clusters
87(4)
4.5.1 Distance Determinations to Clusters
89(2)
Chapter 5 Stellar Evolution 91(24)
5.1 Introduction
91(1)
5.2 Stellar Structure And Evolution
91(10)
5.2.1 Hydrostatic Equilibrium
93(1)
5.2.2 Mass Continuity
93(1)
5.2.3 Equation of State
94(1)
5.2.4 Energy Conservation
94(1)
5.2.5 Energy Transport
95(4)
5.2.5.1 Conductive Transport
95(1)
5.2.5.2 Radiative Transport
95(2)
5.2.5.3 Convective Transport
97(2)
5.2.6 Energy Sources
99(2)
5.3 Mass-Luminosity Relation And Lifetime
101(1)
5.4 Evolutionary Stages
102(10)
5.4.1 A Snapshot of the Stellar Populations
102(1)
5.4.2 Evolution of Very Low Mass Stars
103(1)
5.4.3 Evolution of Low Mass Stars
104(5)
5.4.4 Evolution of High Mass Stars
109(2)
5.4.5 Instability Strip
111(1)
5.5 Summary
112(3)
5.5.1 Stellar Structure
112(1)
5.5.2 Stellar Evolution
113(2)
Chapter 6 Stellar and Planetary Systems 115(18)
6.1 Introduction
115(3)
6.2 Analysis Of Binaries
118(11)
6.2.1 Visual and Astrometric Binaries
118(3)
6.2.2 Spectroscopic Binaries
121(3)
6.2.2.1 Double Lined, i = 90°, circular orbit
122(1)
6.2.2.2 Double Lined, arbitrary i
123(1)
6.2.2.3 Single Lined, arbitrary i
123(1)
6.2.3 Eclipsing Binaries
124(3)
6.2.3.1 i = 90°, circular orbit
125(1)
6.2.3.2 i not = to 90°, circular orbit
126(1)
6.2.3.3 Final Thoughts
127(1)
6.2.4 Close Binaries
127(2)
6.3 Observing The Exoplanets
129(4)
Chapter 7 Stellar Remnants 133(12)
7.1 Introduction
133(1)
7.2 Origin Of Degeneracy Pressure
133(2)
7.2.1 The Degeneracy Parameter
134(1)
7.3 White Dwarfs
135(2)
7.3.1 Limiting Mass of a White Dwarf
136(1)
7.3.2 Observations of White Dwarfs
136(1)
7.3.3 Luminosity of a White Dwarf
136(1)
7.4 Supernovae
137(1)
7.5 Neutron Stars
138(3)
7.5.1 Pulsars
139(1)
7.5.2 Emission Mechanism for Pulsars
140(1)
7.5.3 Fast Radio Bursts
140(1)
7.6 Black Holes
141(4)
7.6.1 Physical Meaning of the Schwarzschild Radius
142(1)
7.6.2 Observational Signatures
142(3)
Bibliography 145(6)
Index 151
Shantanu Basu is an astrophysicist and a professor at The University of Western Ontario, Canada. He is known for research contributions on the formation of gravitationally-collapsed objects in the universe: stars, planets, brown dwarfs, and supermassive black holes. He is one of the originators of the migrating embryo scenario of episodic accretion onto young stars. He has been recognized for his teaching excellence and his contributions to the astronomical community include organizing many conferences and training schools.

Pranav Sharma is an astronomer and science historian known for his work on the history of the Indian Space Program. He has curated the Space Museum at the B. M. Birla Science Centre (Hyderabad, India). He is in-charge of the history of Indo-French scientific partnership project supported by the Embassy of France in India. He is a national-award-winning science communicator and has extensively worked on the popularization of astronomy education in India.
Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām
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