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Evolutionary Gerontology and Geriatrics: Why and How We Age 2021 ed. [Hardback]

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  • Formāts: Hardback, 413 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 811 g, 124 Illustrations, color; 64 Illustrations, black and white; XVII, 413 p. 188 illus., 124 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Sērija : Advances in Studies of Aging and Health 2
  • Izdošanas datums: 26-May-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • ISBN-10: 303073773X
  • ISBN-13: 9783030737733
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Evolutionary Gerontology and Geriatrics: Why and How We Age 2021 ed.Palielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 413 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 811 g, 124 Illustrations, color; 64 Illustrations, black and white; XVII, 413 p. 188 illus., 124 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Sērija : Advances in Studies of Aging and Health 2
  • Izdošanas datums: 26-May-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • ISBN-10: 303073773X
  • ISBN-13: 9783030737733
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9783030737733.html
Keywords:
This book provides concrete scientific basis that we can conceive the possibility of modifying or even completely canceling aging process, despite the fact that aging is commonly regarded as the result of the overall effects of many uncontrollable degenerative phenomena. The authors illustrate in detail the mechanisms by which cells and the whole organism age. Actions by which it is possible, or will be possible within a limited time, to operate for modifying aging are also debated.

The discussion is conducted within the frame and the concepts of evolutionary medicine, which is also indispensable for distinguishing between the manifestations of aging and: (i) diseases that worsen with age, and (ii) acceleration of normal aging rates, caused by unhealthy lifestyle habits and other avoidable factors. The book also discusses the impact of aging on overall mortality and the strange situation that, according to official statistics, aging does not exist as cause of death.

This book is a turning point between a gerontology and geriatrics conceived as the study and vain treatment of an incurable condition and one in which these disciplines examine the how and why of a physiological phenomenon that can be modified up to a possible total control. This means transforming the medical prevention and treatment of physiological aging from the greatest failure to the greatest success of medicine.
1 Introduction
1(32)
1.1 Evolutionary Medicine and "Evolutionary Gerontology and Geriatrics"
1(1)
1.2 Definition of Aging
2(2)
1.3 Aging in Natural Observation
4(4)
1.4 A Short History of Aging Theories
8(25)
1.4.1 The Conception of Aging Up to Nineteenth Century
8(2)
1.4.2 Aging Theories in the Nineteenth Century and the First Half of the Twentieth Century
10(6)
1.4.3 Aging Theories from the Second Half of the Twentieth Century to Today
16(8)
1.4.4 Classification of Aging Theories
24(1)
References
25(8)
2 Evolution and Phenoptosis
33(36)
2.1 Darwinian Definition of Natural Selection
33(1)
2.2 Supra-Individual Selection
34(3)
2.3 Definition of Phenoptosis
37(1)
2.4 Examples of Phenoptosis and Its Wide Diffusion
38(12)
2.4.1 (A) Obligatory and Rapid Phenoptosis
38(3)
2.4.2 (B) Obligatory and Slow Phenoptosis
41(2)
2.4.3 (C) Optional Phenoptosis
43(5)
2.4.4 (D) Indirect Phenoptosis
48(2)
2.5 Phenoptotic Phenomena in our Species
50(1)
2.6 Life Tables and Phenoptosis
51(18)
References
62(7)
3 Evolutionary Medicine
69(52)
3.1 Definition of Evolutionary Medicine
69(1)
3.2 A Brief History of Evolutionary Medicine
69(10)
3.3 The Concept of Normality in Evolutionary Medicine
79(5)
3.4 The Concept of Mismatch in Evolutionary Medicine
84(1)
3.5 Diseases Caused by Mismatches
84(1)
3.6 Diseases Caused by Alterations of the Genotype
85(6)
3.7 The Concept of Holobiont
91(1)
3.8 Immune Disorders in the Interpretation of Evolutionary Medicine
92(14)
3.8.1 The Current "Epidemic" of Allergic Diseases
92(1)
3.8.2 The Current "Epidemic" of Autoimmune Diseases
93(4)
3.8.3 Causes of the Epidemic of Immune Disorders
97(9)
3.9 Non-evolutionary Classification of Diseases
106(1)
3.10 Evolutionary Classification of Diseases
107(4)
3.11 Meaning and Aims of Evolutionary Medicine
111(10)
References
114(7)
4 The Comparison Between the Two Paradigms
121(58)
4.1 Introduction
121(1)
4.2 The Paradigm of Aging as a Non-adaptive Phenomenon
122(3)
4.3 The Paradigm of Aging as an Adaptive Phenomenon
125(4)
4.4 Arguments and Evidence in Support or Against the Theories Pertaining to the Two Paradigms
129(22)
4.4.1 Absence of Unlikely Postulates
129(2)
4.4.2 Non-universality of Aging
131(1)
4.4.3 Variation of Aging Rhythms in the Comparison among Species
132(3)
4.4.4 Consideration of Supra-Individual Natural Selection and Phenoptotic Phenomena
135(1)
4.4.5 Effects of Caloric Restriction on Lifespan
135(1)
4.4.6 Existence of Age-Related Increasing Mortality in the Wild
136(3)
4.4.7 In the Comparison Among Species, the Inverse Relation Between Extrinsic Mortality and the Proportion of Deaths Due to Intrinsic Mortality
139(3)
4.4.8 Impossibility of Explaining Age-Related Fitness Decline as a Consequence of Genes that Are Harmful at a Certain Age
142(3)
4.4.9 Age-Related Progressive Decline of Cell Turnover Capacities
145(2)
4.4.10 Cell Senescence Program
147(1)
4.4.11 Gradual Cell Senescence
148(1)
4.4.12 General Evaluation of the Arguments Mentioned earlier
149(2)
4.5 Aging as an Accelerating Factor of Evolution Theory
151(2)
4.6 Kin Selection Aging Theory
153(26)
4.6.1 Definitions
154(1)
4.6.2 The Evolutionary Advantage of a Shorter ML
155(2)
4.6.3 Effects of IMICAW on ML
157(1)
4.6.4 Evolutionary Steadiness of a Gene Causing IMICAW
158(5)
4.6.5 The Preliminary Conditions
163(1)
4.6.6 Two Possible Objections
164(1)
4.6.7 The Methuselah Effect
164(4)
4.6.8 IMICAW, IMICAC, and t-genes
168(1)
References
169(10)
5 Subtelomere-Telomere Aging Theory
179(62)
5.1 Description of the Subtelomere-Telomere Theory
179(20)
5.1.1 Limits in Cell Duplication Capacities
180(4)
5.1.2 Probabilistic Relation Between Telomere Shortening and Replicative Senescence
184(1)
5.1.3 Suggestions from the Yeast
185(4)
5.1.4 Gradual Cell Senescence and Cell Senescence
189(5)
5.1.5 Absence of Relation Between Longevity and Telomere Initial Length
194(5)
5.2 Metabolic Changes in Aging Cells
199(1)
5.3 Atrophic Syndrome
200(1)
5.4 Limits in Cell Duplication Capacities and Other Effects of the Telomere-Subtelomere-Telomerase System Explained as a General Defense Against Cancer
201(6)
5.5 The Telomere
207(3)
5.6 The Telomerase Enzyme
210(2)
5.7 The Subtelomere
212(5)
5.8 The Heterochromatin Hood Over the Telomere
217(24)
References
225(16)
6 Aging in the Human Species
241(50)
6.1 Alterations Consequent to the Actions of the Telomere-Subtelomere-Telomerase System
241(17)
6.1.1 Alterations of Cellular Metabolism
241(2)
6.1.2 Alterations of Cell Turnover
243(15)
6.2 Direct Aging
258(13)
6.2.1 Endothelium
258(3)
6.2.2 Skin
261(1)
6.2.3 Olfactory Receptor Cells
262(1)
6.2.4 Other Peripheral Sensory Neuronal Cells (Excluding Olfactory Receptor Cells)
262(1)
6.2.5 Skeletal Muscle
263(1)
6.2.6 Heart
263(2)
6.2.7 Gastrointestinal System
265(1)
6.2.8 Orofacial Tissues and Organs
266(1)
6.2.9 Lungs
267(1)
6.2.10 Kidneys
267(1)
6.2.11 Pancreatic p-cells
268(1)
6.2.12 Bone and Joints
268(2)
6.2.13 Liver
270(1)
6.2.14 Hematopoietic Cells and Bone Marrow
271(1)
6.2.15 Testes
271(1)
6.3 Indirect Aging
271(2)
6.3.1 Photoreceptor Cells
272(1)
6.3.2 Neurons of the Central Nervous System
272(1)
6.3.3 Auditory Neurons
272(1)
6.3.4 Crystalline Lens
273(1)
6.4 General Schemes
273(18)
References
276(15)
7 The Elderly Subjects and Their Troubles
291(60)
7.1 Evolutionary Classification of the Troubles of the Elderly
291(3)
7.2 Age-Related Fitness Decline
294(3)
7.3 Diseases Due to Genetic Alterations
297(2)
7.4 Diseases Due to Genetic Alterations That Cause Aging-Like Syndromes
299(7)
7.5 Diseases Deriving from `Extremes' of the Ecological Niche and Relations with Other Living Beings
306(3)
7.6 Diseases Caused by Mismatches
309(4)
7.7 Diseases Caused by Mismatches That Speed Up Physiological Aging
313(9)
7.8 Weight of Physiological Aging
322(29)
References
326(25)
8 Prevention and Treatment of the Troubles of the Elderly
351(50)
8.1 Rationality of the Evolutionary Approach
351(1)
8.2 Prevention and Treatment of Diseases Identical or Similar at Any Age
352(1)
8.3 Acceleration of Aging: Prevention and Treatment
353(4)
8.4 Treatment of Physiological Aging
357(22)
8.4.1 Telomerase Activation
358(3)
8.4.2 Elimination of Senescent Cells
361(5)
8.4.3 Anti-aging Substances and Methods
366(7)
8.4.4 Genetic Modifications
373(4)
8.4.5 Ethical Problems
377(2)
8.5 Current Geriatrics and Society
379(1)
8.6 Future Geriatrics and Society
380(3)
References
383(18)
Appendices
401
Appendix: Part A
401(1)
Haploid Condition
401(6)
Diploid Condition
407(5)
Appendix: Part B
412(1)
Reference
413
Giacinto Libertini, MD, is Independent Researcher and Member of the Italian Society for Evolutionary Biology. He was the first to formulate some basic concepts of evolutionary medicine and to propose the theory of aging as an adaptive phenomenon favored by natural selection in terms of kin selection. He has also extended and deepened the concept of phenoptosis proposed by Vladimir Skulachev. Graziamaria Corbi, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics at the University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy. She has contributed to over 120 publications covering internal medicine, geriatrics, cardiology, clinical pharmacology and public health. Valeria Conti, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Pharmacology at the University of Salerno, Italy.  She is a brilliant young researcher with over sixty publications in the fields of clinical pharmacology, cardiology and geriatrics. Olga Shubernetskaya, PhD, is Assistant Professor of ShemyakinOvchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.  She is a very promising and innovative scholar of telomere and telomerase biology. Nicola Ferrara, PhD, is Professor of the Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II Univ. of Naples, Italy, Dean of the Specialization School in Gerontology and Geriatrics, and former President of the Italian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics. He has contributed to about 350 works in many fields including mainly cardiology, geriatrics, and biogerontology.