| Preface |
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xiii | |
| About the Author |
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xiv | |
| Understanding the Socratic Dialogue |
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xv | |
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1 An Overview of Communication Ethics |
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1 | (24) |
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Defining Communication Ethics |
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1 | (1) |
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Sources of Ethical Guidance |
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2 | (4) |
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2 | (2) |
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4 | (1) |
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Industry and Professional Association Standards |
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4 | (1) |
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The Three Sources Sometimes Agree and Sometimes Don't |
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5 | (1) |
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The Changing Nature of the Media |
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6 | (5) |
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Libertarianism vs. Social Responsibility |
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6 | (2) |
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Ethics and Decision-Making in Journalism Today |
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8 | (3) |
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Americans' Cynical View of the News Media |
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11 | (5) |
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Cynicism Directed at Other Fields |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (4) |
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Case Study 1A Perception of Honesty and Ethical Standards of Employment Fields |
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18 | (1) |
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Case Study 1B The National Football League: Concussions, Offensive Nicknames, and the National Anthem Controversy |
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19 | (1) |
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Discussion Problem 1 What's Fair? |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (3) |
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2 Philosophical and Critical Perspectives on Communication Ethics |
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25 | (24) |
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Absolutism, Pragmatism, and Self-Interest |
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25 | (11) |
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25 | (5) |
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30 | (5) |
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35 | (1) |
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Modem and Contemporary Media Criticism |
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36 | (4) |
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36 | (3) |
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Contemporary Media Criticism |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (7) |
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Case Study 2A Football Stories Too Good to Be True (Because They Weren't) |
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40 | (2) |
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Case Study 2B The Reporter and the Hit Man |
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42 | (1) |
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Case Study 2C Naming Names in Nashville and Norfolk |
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43 | (1) |
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Case Study 2D Witnessing the Final Act: Should Executions Be Televised? |
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44 | (1) |
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Discussion Problem 2 One More for the Road |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (2) |
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3 Journalism and Broadcasting: Content Issues |
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49 | (21) |
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49 | (2) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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Professional Organizations and Their Codes of Ethics |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (11) |
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Public Service Journalism |
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51 | (1) |
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Sponsored News, Advertorials, Partnerships, and "News Look-Alikes" |
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52 | (2) |
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Does the News Media Show a Bias Toward Liberal Views? |
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54 | (3) |
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57 | (1) |
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School Shootings and Other Tragedies: How Much Coverage Is Too Much? |
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58 | (1) |
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The Debate over Video News Releases |
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59 | (1) |
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Citizen Journalism and User-Generated Content |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (6) |
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Case Study 3A Public Service Journalism: The Los Angeles Times and the Staples Center |
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62 | (1) |
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Case Study 3B Parody and Ridicule: Amtrak Derails and a Fertilizer Plant Explodes |
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62 | (2) |
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Case Study 3C Parody and Ridicule: Did a Sportswriter Cross the Line in Ridiculing Pro Golfer? |
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64 | (1) |
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Case Study 3D How Much Coverage Is Too Much: Tragedy at Virginia Tech |
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65 | (2) |
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Discussion Problem 3 Public Service Journalism: Tell Me More |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (2) |
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4 Journalism and Broadcasting: Personnel Issues |
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70 | (27) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (15) |
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70 | (6) |
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Too Close to the Subject, or Becoming Part of the Story |
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76 | (2) |
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Diversity as a Personnel Issue |
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78 | (2) |
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Plagiarism, Fabrication, and the Origins of Fake News |
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80 | (4) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (9) |
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Case Study 4A Conflicts of Interest: Moonlighting at the Catholic Church |
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85 | (1) |
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Case Study 4B Conflicts of Interest: Skating on Thin Ice |
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86 | (1) |
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Case Study 4C Becoming Part of the Story: The Journalist, the Murderer, and the Author (He Said, He Said, She Said) |
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87 | (2) |
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Case Study 4D Becoming Part of the Story: Bamberger Blows the Whistle |
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89 | (1) |
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Case Study 4E Becoming Part of the Story: Reporters Behaving Badly |
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90 | (2) |
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Case Study 4F Immersion Journalism: The Unlikely Disciple |
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92 | (1) |
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Discussion Problem 4A Conflicts of Interest: Plugging the Zoo |
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93 | (1) |
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Discussion Problem 4B Conflicts of Interest: The Award-Winning Environmental Reporter |
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93 | (1) |
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Discussion Problem 4C Becoming Part of the Story: The Reporter and the Prostitute |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (3) |
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5 Journalism and Broadcasting: Policy Issues |
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97 | (27) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (19) |
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97 | (4) |
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Interviewing and Quotations |
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101 | (3) |
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Deception, Misrepresentation, and Hidden Recording Devices |
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104 | (3) |
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107 | (3) |
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110 | (2) |
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112 | (1) |
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Staging Photographs and Video |
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113 | (1) |
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Digital Alteration of Photographs |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (5) |
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Case Study 5A Dealing with Suicide: The Melinda Duckett Story |
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116 | (1) |
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Case Study 5B Deception and Misrepresentation: How Far Can You Go to "Test the System"? |
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117 | (1) |
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Case Study 5C Deception and Misrepresentation: Dateline's "To Catch a Predator" |
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118 | (1) |
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Discussion Problem 5A Deception and Misrepresentation: Helping the Homeless |
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119 | (1) |
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Discussion Problem 5B Freebies and Junkets: Fires and Fam Tours |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (3) |
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6 Journalism and Broadcasting: Privacy Issues |
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124 | (23) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (10) |
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The Private Lives of Public People |
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124 | (4) |
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The Private Lives of Private People |
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128 | (2) |
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Identifying Crime Victims |
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130 | (3) |
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Harassment and the Paparazzi |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (11) |
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Case Study 6A The Private Lives of Public People: Arthur Ashe Has AIDS |
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134 | (2) |
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Case Study 6B The Private Lives of Private People: Outing Gay, Lesbian, and Transgender Persons |
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136 | (2) |
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Case Study 6C The Private Lives of Private People: Should Lottery Winners Remain Anonymous? |
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138 | (1) |
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Case Study 6D The Private Lives of Private People: Making a Profit from Mugshots |
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139 | (1) |
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Case Study 6E The Private Lives of Private People: The Honor Student Dies a Hooker |
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140 | (1) |
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Case Study 6F Media Ride-Alongs: No One Asked You to Leave, But No One Invited You In |
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141 | (1) |
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Discussion Problem 6A The Private Lives of Public People: The Mayor and the Missing Kid |
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142 | (1) |
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Discussion Problem 6B The Private Lives of Public People: The Senator and the Tattoo |
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143 | (1) |
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Discussion Problem 6C The Private Lives of Private People: Who Votes and Who Doesn't |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (2) |
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7 Journalism and Broadcasting: Accountability Issues |
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147 | (17) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (13) |
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Clarifications, Corrections, and Retractions |
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147 | (4) |
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Reasons Behind the Errors |
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151 | (4) |
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Ombudsmen and Public Editors |
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155 | (1) |
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The Debate over Confidential Sources |
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156 | (4) |
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160 | (1) |
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Case Study 7 Clarifications, Corrections, and Retractions: Socialists and Enlarged Prostitutes |
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160 | (1) |
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Discussion Problem 7 Clarifications, Corrections, and Retractions: The Spring Break Story Too Good to be True |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (3) |
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8 Ethical Issues in Advertising |
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164 | (24) |
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164 | (2) |
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Advertising Venues and Categories |
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164 | (1) |
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Legal and Ethical Framework |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (10) |
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False and Deceptive Advertising |
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166 | (3) |
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The Debate over Product Placements |
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169 | (1) |
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Advertising of Controversial Products and Services |
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170 | (1) |
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Advertising that Implies Discrimination |
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171 | (1) |
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Advertising and Young Audiences |
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172 | (1) |
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Biting the Hands that Feed: News Content and Advertiser Concerns |
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172 | (3) |
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175 | (1) |
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The Influence of Advertising on Consumer Spending |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (10) |
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Case Study 8A Advertising Venues and Categories: The Growth of Advergaming |
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176 | (1) |
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Case Study 8B Advertising of Controversial Products and Services: What Are the Odds? |
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177 | (1) |
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Case Study 8C False and Deceptive Advertising: What Times Does the Movie Really Start? |
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178 | (1) |
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Case Study 8D False and Deceptive Advertising: Worthy Causes or Bait and Switch? |
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179 | (2) |
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Case Study 8E False and Deceptive Advertising: Academic Bait and Switch |
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181 | (1) |
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Case Study 8F False and Deceptive Advertising: Joseph Lister and the Product That Bears His Name |
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182 | (1) |
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Case Study 8G Advertising and Younger Audiences: Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood |
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183 | (1) |
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Discussion Problem 8A Legal and Ethical Framework: Advertising Agencies and Competing Proposals |
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184 | (1) |
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Discussion Problem 8B Advertising of Controversial Products and Services: The Case of the Cable Descrambler |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (2) |
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9 Ethical Issues in Public Relations |
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188 | (27) |
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188 | (6) |
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Defining Public Relations |
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188 | (1) |
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Legal and Ethical Limitations |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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Professional Codes of Ethics |
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190 | (4) |
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194 | (11) |
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Differentiating between Public Relations and Advertising |
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194 | (1) |
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Legal and Ethical Problems in Investor Relations |
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195 | (1) |
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The Good and Bad of Media Relations |
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195 | (4) |
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Professionalism and Respect |
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199 | (1) |
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Unethical Working Environments |
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200 | (1) |
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Unethical Practices of Some Public Relations Agencies |
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201 | (1) |
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Confidentiality and Privilege |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (8) |
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Case Study 9A Differentiating Between Public Relations and Advertising: Nike Goes to Court |
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205 | (1) |
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Case Study 9B Professionalism and Respect: When a PR Firm Could Use a PR Firm |
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206 | (1) |
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Case Study 9C Professionalism and Respect: A Bad Day at the Office for FEMA |
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207 | (1) |
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Case Study 9D The Good and Bad of Media Relations: The BP Oil Spill |
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208 | (1) |
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Discussion Problem 9A Confidentiality and Privilege: The Sexual Assault Focus Group |
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208 | (1) |
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Discussion Problem 9B The Good and Bad of Media Relations: Get Your Can to the Game |
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209 | (1) |
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Discussion Problem 9C The Good and Bad of Media Relations: Go Quietly or Else |
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210 | (1) |
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Discussion Problem 9D The Good and Bad of Media Relations: College Degrees for Sale |
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211 | (2) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (2) |
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10 Ethical Issues in Political Communication |
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215 | (22) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (13) |
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The Science of Political Persuasion |
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216 | (1) |
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Persuasion and Propaganda |
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217 | (4) |
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Other Propaganda Techniques |
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221 | (1) |
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Opinion Polling in the Twenty-First Century |
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222 | (3) |
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Reporting the Results of Polls |
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225 | (2) |
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Funding of Government Communication Activities |
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227 | (1) |
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The Influence of Political Talk Radio |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (6) |
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Case Study 10A Cindy Watson vs. the Hog Farmers |
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299 | |
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Case Study 10B Taking License with Free Speech |
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230 | (2) |
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Case Study 10C Mixing Entertainment and Politics |
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232 | (1) |
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Case Study 10D Stop Using Our Song! |
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233 | (1) |
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Discussion Problem 10 All or Nothing |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (2) |
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11 Ethical Issues in Workplace Communication |
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237 | (23) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (14) |
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Sexual Harassment, #MeToo, and the "Weinstein Effect" |
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238 | (2) |
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Racial and Religious Harassment |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (1) |
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Letters of Recommendation |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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Communicating with Disabled Co-Workers and Customers |
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247 | (2) |
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Employer Monitoring of Employee Email and Web Activity |
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249 | (3) |
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252 | (5) |
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Case Study 11A Mixing Work and Politics: Problems at Home Depot |
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252 | (1) |
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Case Study 11B Mixing Work and Politics: The Lawyer and the Congressman |
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252 | (1) |
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Case Study 11C Workplace Honesty: The (Bad) Luck of the Irish |
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253 | (1) |
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Case Study 11D Workplace Honesty: Riley Weston's Little White Lie |
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254 | (1) |
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Discussion Problem 11A Letters of Recommendation: Harry, Sally, and the Professor's Dilemma |
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255 | (1) |
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Discussion Problem 11B Workplace Honesty: Competing Loyalties |
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256 | (1) |
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Discussion Problem 11C Workplace Honesty: The Reverse Reference Call |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (3) |
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12 Ethical Issues in Cyberspace and Social Media |
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260 | (24) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (12) |
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Internet Rumors, Urban Legends, and Deep Fakes |
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260 | (2) |
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Product and Service Reviews in Cyberspace |
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262 | (3) |
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The Positives and Negatives of Social Media |
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265 | (4) |
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269 | (3) |
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272 | (9) |
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Case Study 12A Internet Rumors, Urban Legends, and Deep Fakes: Don't Ask the Make-A-Wish Foundation about Business Cards |
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272 | (1) |
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Case Study 12B Internet Rumors, Urban Legends, and Deep Fakes: MarryOurDaughter.com |
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273 | (1) |
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Case Study 12C Internet Rumors, Urban Legends, and Deep Fakes: Oklahoma Quarterbacks in the News |
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274 | (1) |
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Case Study 12D Internet Rumors, Urban Legends, and Deep Fakes: The World According to Wikipedia |
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274 | (2) |
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Case Study 12E The Positives and Negatives of Social Media: Online Suicide Groups |
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276 | (1) |
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Case Study 12F The Positives and Negatives of Social Media: Facebook Photos Cost Teacher Her Job |
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277 | (1) |
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Case Study 12G Online Harassment: The Deaths of Megan, Jeffrey, Amanda, and Kennis |
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278 | (1) |
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Case Study 12H Online Harassment: The Nikki Catsouras Story |
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279 | (1) |
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Discussion Problem 12 The Positives and Negatives of Social Media: Online Auction Sites and the First Amendment |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (3) |
| Appendix: Professional Codes of Ethics |
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284 | (1) |
| Sources/Further Reading |
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285 | (9) |
| Index |
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294 | |
