Contributors |
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xvii | |
Preface |
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xxxiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxxv | |
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1 | (92) |
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Section 1. General Considerations |
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3 | (20) |
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The Epidemiology and Burden of Skin Disease |
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3 | (5) |
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Evidence-Based Dermatology |
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8 | (10) |
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Public Health in Dermatology |
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18 | (5) |
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Section 2: Approach to Dermatologic Diagnosis |
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23 | (34) |
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Structure of Skin Lesions and Fundamentals of Clinical Diagnosis |
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23 | (17) |
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Diagnostic Procedures and Devices |
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40 | (3) |
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Basic Pathologic Reactions of the Skin |
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43 | (14) |
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Section 3: Overview of Biology, Development, and Structure of Skin |
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57 | (36) |
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Development and Structure of Skin |
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57 | (16) |
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Genetics in Relation to the Skin |
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73 | (14) |
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Basic Science Approaches to the Pathophysiology of Skin Disease |
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87 | (6) |
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PART 2: DISORDERS PRESENTING IN SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES |
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93 | (592) |
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Section 4. Inflammatory Disorders Based on T-Cell Reactivity and Dysregulation |
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95 | (184) |
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Innate and Adaptive Immunity in the Skin |
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95 | (20) |
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115 | (12) |
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127 | (8) |
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Allergic Contact Dermatitis |
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135 | (11) |
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Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema) |
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146 | (12) |
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Nummular Eczema and Lichen Simplex Chronicus/Prurigo Nodularis |
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158 | (4) |
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Vesicular Palmoplantar Eczema |
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162 | (5) |
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Autosensitization Dermatitis |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (25) |
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194 | (13) |
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207 | (8) |
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Pustular Eruptions of Palms and Soles |
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215 | (4) |
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219 | (6) |
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225 | (7) |
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232 | (4) |
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Parapsoriasis and Pityriasis Lichenoides |
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236 | (8) |
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244 | (11) |
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255 | (3) |
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Graft-Versus-Host Disease |
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258 | (9) |
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Skin Disease in Acute and Chronic Immunosuppression |
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267 | (12) |
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Section 5. Inflammatory Diseases Based on Neutrophils and Eosinophils |
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279 | (40) |
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Regulation of the Production and Activation of Neutrophils and Eosinophils |
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279 | (10) |
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Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis (Sweet Syndrome) |
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289 | (7) |
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296 | (6) |
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302 | (3) |
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Sub-Corneal Pustular Dermatosis (Sneddon-Wilkinson Disease) |
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305 | (2) |
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Eosinophils in Cutaneous Diseases |
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307 | (12) |
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Section 6. Inflammatory Diseases Based on Abnormal Humoral Reactivity and Other Inflammatory Diseases |
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319 | (56) |
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Humoral Immunity and Complement |
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319 | (11) |
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330 | (13) |
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343 | (6) |
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Epidermal Necrolysis (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis) |
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349 | (6) |
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Cutaneous Reactions to Drugs |
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355 | (7) |
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362 | (4) |
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Erythema Annulare Centrifugum and Other Figurate Erythemas |
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366 | (3) |
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369 | (6) |
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Section 7. Disorders of Epidermal Differentiation and Keratinization |
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375 | (72) |
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Epidermal Growth and Differentiation |
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375 | (8) |
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Skin as an Organ of Protection |
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383 | (12) |
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Irritant Contact Dermatitis |
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395 | (6) |
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401 | (23) |
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Inherited Keratodermas of Palms and Soles |
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424 | (8) |
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Acantholytic Disorders of the Skin: Darier-White Disease, Acrokeratosis Verruciformis, Grover Disease, and Hailey-Hailey Disease |
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432 | (10) |
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442 | (5) |
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Section 8. Disorders of Epidermal and Dermal-Epidermal Cohesion and Vesicular and Bullous Disorders |
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447 | (70) |
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Epidermal and Epidermal-Dermal Cohesion |
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447 | (12) |
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459 | (9) |
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468 | (7) |
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475 | (6) |
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481 | (4) |
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Linear Immunoglobulin A Dermatosis and Chronic Bullous Disease of Childhood |
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485 | (5) |
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Pemphigoid Gestationis (Herpes Gestationis) |
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490 | (4) |
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Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita |
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494 | (6) |
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500 | (5) |
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Inherited Epidermolysis Bullosa |
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505 | (12) |
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Section 9. Disorders of the Dermal Connective Tissue |
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517 | (52) |
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Collagen, Elastic Fibers, and Extracellular Matrix of the Dermis |
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517 | (26) |
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543 | (3) |
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546 | (4) |
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550 | (7) |
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Anetoderma and Other Atrophic Disorders of the Skin |
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557 | (5) |
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Constricting Bands (Ainhum and Pseudoainhum) |
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562 | (2) |
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Acquired Perforating Disorders |
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564 | (5) |
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Section 10. Disorders of Subcutaneous Tissue |
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569 | (22) |
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569 | (16) |
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585 | (6) |
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Section 11. Disorders of Melanocytes |
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591 | (50) |
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591 | (17) |
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Albinism and Other Genetic Disorders of Pigmentation |
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608 | (8) |
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616 | (6) |
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Hypomelanoses and Hypermelanoses |
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622 | (19) |
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Section 12. Disorders of the Oral and Genital Integument |
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641 | (44) |
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Biology and Pathology of the Oral Cavity |
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641 | (13) |
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Ginat Wintermeyer Mirowski |
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Diseases and Disorders of the Male Genitalia |
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654 | (21) |
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Diseases and Disorders of the Female Genitalia |
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675 | (10) |
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PART 3: DISORDERS OF THE SKIN APPENDAGES |
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685 | (110) |
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Section 13. Disorders of the Sebaceous Glands |
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687 | (26) |
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Biology of Sebaceous Glands |
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687 | (3) |
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Acne Vulgaris and Acneiform Eruptions |
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690 | (13) |
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703 | (6) |
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709 | (4) |
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Section 14. Disorders of the Eccrine and Apocrine Glands |
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713 | (26) |
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Biology of Eccrine, Apocrine, and Apoeccrine Sweat Glands |
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713 | (7) |
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Disorders of the Eccrine Sweat Glands and Sweating |
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720 | (11) |
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Disorders of the Apocrine Sweat Glands |
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731 | (8) |
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Section 15. Disorders of the Hair and Nails |
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739 | (56) |
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Biology of Hair Follicles |
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739 | (10) |
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Keratosis Pilaris and Other Inflammatory Follicular Keratotic Syndromes |
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749 | (4) |
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753 | (25) |
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Biology of Nails and Nail Disorders |
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778 | (17) |
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PART 4: DISORDERS DUE TO THE ENVIRONMENT |
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795 | (98) |
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Section 16: Disorders Due to Ultraviolet Radiation |
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797 | (38) |
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Fundamentals of Cutaneous Photobiology and Photoimmunology |
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797 | (12) |
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Acute and Chronic Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Skin |
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809 | (7) |
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Abnormal Responses to Ultraviolet Radiation: Idiopathic, Probably Immunologic, and Photo-Exacerbated |
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816 | (12) |
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Abnormal Responses to Ultraviolet Radiation: Photosensitivity Induced by Exogenous Agents |
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828 | (7) |
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Section 17. Skin Changes Due to Other Physical and Chemical Factors |
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835 | (58) |
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835 | (9) |
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844 | (8) |
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Claudine Pierard-Franchimont |
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852 | (6) |
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Radiobiology and Radiation Effects |
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858 | (4) |
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Skin Problems in Amputees and Ostomates |
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862 | (9) |
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871 | (2) |
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873 | (5) |
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Decubitus (Pressure) Ulcers |
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878 | (8) |
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886 | (7) |
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PART 5: NEUROCUTANEOUS AND PSYCHOCUTANEOUS ASPECTS OF SKIN DISEASE |
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893 | (40) |
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Section 18. Neurocutaneous and Psychocutaneous Skin Disease |
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895 | (38) |
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895 | (7) |
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Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects of Pruritus |
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902 | (10) |
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912 | (9) |
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Cutaneous Manifestations of Drug Abuse |
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921 | (6) |
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Skin Signs of Physical Abuse |
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927 | (6) |
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PART 6: SKIN CHANGES ACROSS THE SPAN OF LIFE |
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933 | (42) |
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Section 19. From Birth to Old Age |
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935 | (40) |
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Neonatal, Pediatric, and Adolescent Dermatology |
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935 | (20) |
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Skin Changes and Diseases in Pregnancy |
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955 | (8) |
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963 | (12) |
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975 | (224) |
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Section 20. Carcinogenesis |
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977 | (30) |
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Genome Instability, DNA Repair, and Cancer |
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977 | (9) |
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986 | (9) |
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Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressor Genes, and Viral Carcinogenesis |
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995 | (4) |
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Carcinogenesis: Ultraviolet Radiation |
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999 | (8) |
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Section 21. Epidermal and Appendageal Tumors |
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1007 | (92) |
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Epithelial Precancerous Lesions |
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1007 | (21) |
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1028 | (8) |
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1036 | (6) |
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Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome |
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1042 | (7) |
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1049 | (5) |
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Benign Epithelial Tumors, Hamartomas, and Hyperplasias |
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1054 | (14) |
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Appendage Tumors and Hamartomas of the Skin |
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1068 | (19) |
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1087 | (7) |
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Mammary and Extramammary Paget Disease |
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1094 | (5) |
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Section 22. Melanocytic Tumors |
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1099 | (60) |
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Benign Neoplasias and Hyperplasias of Melanocytes |
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1099 | (23) |
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Atypical Melanocytic Nevi |
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1122 | (12) |
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1134 | (25) |
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Section 23. Tumors and Hyperplasias of the Dermis and Subcutaneous Fat |
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1159 | (40) |
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Malignant Fibrous Tumors of the Dermis |
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1159 | (5) |
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1164 | (8) |
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Neoplasias and Hyperplasias of Muscular and Neural Origin |
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1172 | (11) |
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1183 | (7) |
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Neoplasms of Subcutaneous Fat |
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1190 | (9) |
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PART 8: THE SKIN IN SYSTEMIC DISEASE |
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1199 | (488) |
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Section 24. Skin in Nutritional, Metabolic, and Heritable Disease |
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1201 | (172) |
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Cutaneous Changes in Nutritional Disease |
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1201 | (18) |
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Cutaneous Changes in Errors of Amino Acid Metabolism |
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1219 | (9) |
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1228 | (29) |
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1257 | (8) |
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Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases |
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1265 | (7) |
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Xanthomatoses and Lipoprotein Disorders |
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1272 | (9) |
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1281 | (7) |
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1288 | (5) |
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Cutaneous Mineralization and Ossification |
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1293 | (4) |
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Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue with Skin Changes |
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1297 | (14) |
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Hereditary Disorders of Genome Instability and DNA Repair |
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1311 | (14) |
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Tuberous Sclerosis Complex |
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1325 | (6) |
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1331 | (8) |
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1339 | (9) |
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Genetic Immunodeficiency Diseases |
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1348 | (25) |
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Section 25. Skin Manifestations of Bone Marrow and Blood Disorders |
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1373 | (72) |
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1373 | (13) |
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Elizabeth Bahar Houshmand |
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1386 | (16) |
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Inflammatory Diseases That Simulate Lymphomas: Cutaneous Pseudolymphomas |
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1402 | (12) |
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Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis |
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1414 | (10) |
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Non-Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis |
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1424 | (10) |
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Biology of Mast Cells and the Mastocytosis Syndromes |
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1434 | (11) |
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Section 26. Skin Manifestations of Internal Organ Disorders |
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1445 | (64) |
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The Skin and Disorders of the Alimentary Tract, the Hepatobiliary System, Kidney, and Cardiopulmonary System |
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1445 | (16) |
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Diabetes Mellitus and Other Endocrine Diseases |
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1461 | (23) |
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1484 | (9) |
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Cutaneous Manifestations of Internal Malignant Disease: Cutaneous Paraneoplastic Syndromes |
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1493 | (16) |
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Section 27. The Skin in Vascular and Connective Tissue and Other Autoimmune Disorders |
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1509 | (76) |
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Mechanisms of Autoimmune Disease |
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1509 | (6) |
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1515 | (21) |
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1536 | (17) |
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Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis) |
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1553 | (9) |
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Scleredema and Scleromyxedema |
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1562 | (5) |
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1567 | (2) |
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Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatic Fever, and Gout |
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1569 | (8) |
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1577 | (8) |
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Section 28. The Skin in inflammatory and Other Vascular Disorders |
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1585 | (102) |
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Endothelium in Inflammation and Angiogenesis |
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1585 | (14) |
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Cutaneous Necrotizing Venulitis |
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1599 | (7) |
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Systemic Necrotizing Vasculitis |
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1606 | (10) |
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Erythema Elevatum Diutinum |
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1616 | (4) |
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Adamantiades-Behcet Disease |
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1620 | (6) |
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1626 | (7) |
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Pigmented Purpuric Dermatoses |
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1633 | (4) |
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Cryoglobulinemia and Cryofibrinogenemia |
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1637 | (6) |
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1643 | (5) |
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Malignant Atrophic Papulosis (Degos Disease) |
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1648 | (3) |
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1651 | (16) |
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Cutaneous Changes in Peripheral Vascular Arterial Disease |
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1667 | (12) |
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Cutaneous Changes in Venous and Lymphatic Insufficiency |
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1679 | (8) |
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PART 9: DISEASE DUE TO MICROBIAL AGENTS, INFESTATIONS, BITES, AND STINGS |
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|
1687 | (378) |
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Section 29: Bacterial Disease |
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1689 | (118) |
|
General Considerations of Bacterial Diseases |
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1689 | (5) |
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Superficial Cutaneous Infections and Pyodermas |
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1694 | (16) |
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Gram-Positive Infections Associated with Toxin Production |
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1710 | (10) |
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Soft-Tissue Infections: Erysipelas, Cellulitis, Gangrenous Cellulitis, and Myonecrosis |
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1720 | (11) |
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Gram-Negative Coccal and Bacillary Infections |
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1731 | (13) |
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The Skin in Infective Endocarditis, Sepsis, Septic Shock, and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation |
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1744 | (5) |
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1749 | (6) |
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Miscellaneous Bacterial Infections with Cutaneous Manifestations |
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1755 | (13) |
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Tuberculosis and Infections with Atypical Mycobacteria |
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1768 | (10) |
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Actinomycosis, Nocardiosis, and Actinomycetoma |
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1778 | (8) |
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1786 | (11) |
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1797 | (10) |
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Section 30. Fungal Diseases |
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1807 | (38) |
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Superficial Fungal Infection: Dermatophytosis, Onychomycosis, Tinea Nigra, Piedra |
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1807 | (15) |
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|
Yeast Infections: Candidiasis and Tinea (Pityriasis) Versicolor |
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1822 | (9) |
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1831 | (14) |
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|
Section 31. Viral and Rickettsial Diseases |
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1845 | (110) |
|
Viral Diseases: General Considerations |
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|
1845 | (6) |
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Exanthematous Viral Diseases |
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|
1851 | (22) |
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1873 | (12) |
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Varicella and Herpes Zoster |
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1885 | (14) |
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1899 | (15) |
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|
Sheila Fallon Friedlander |
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1914 | (9) |
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Human Retroviral Disease: Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses |
|
|
1923 | (4) |
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|
Cutaneous Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease |
|
|
1927 | (13) |
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|
|
The Rickettsioses, Ehrlichioses, and Anaplasmoses |
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1940 | (15) |
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|
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|
Section 32. Sexually Transmitted Diseases |
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|
1955 | (46) |
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1955 | (22) |
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|
Endemic (Non-Venereal) Treponematoses |
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1977 | (6) |
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1983 | (4) |
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1987 | (3) |
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1990 | (3) |
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|
Gonorrhea and Other Venereal Diseases |
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|
1993 | (8) |
|
|
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|
Section 33. Infestations, Bites, and Stings |
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|
2001 | (64) |
|
Leishmaniasis and Other Protozoan Infections |
|
|
2001 | (10) |
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2011 | (18) |
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|
|
Scabies, Other Mites, and Pediculosis |
|
|
2029 | (8) |
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|
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|
Bites and Stings of Terrestrial and Aquatic Life |
|
|
2037 | (17) |
|
|
|
Arthropod Bites and Stings |
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2054 | (11) |
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PART 10: Occupational Skin Diseases and Skin Diseases Due To Biologic Warfare |
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2065 | (24) |
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Section 34. Occupational Skin Diseases |
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2067 | (14) |
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Occupational Skin Diseases Due to Irritants and Allergens |
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2067 | (7) |
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Occupational Noneczematous Skin Diseases Due to Biologic, Physical, and Chemical Agents |
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2074 | (7) |
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Section 35. The Skin in Bioterrorism and Biologic Warfare |
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2081 | (8) |
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Cutaneous Manifestations of Biologic, Chemical, and Radiologic Terrorism Attacks |
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2081 | (8) |
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2089 | |
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Section 36: Topical Therapy |
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2091 | (56) |
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Principles of Topical Therapy |
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2091 | (6) |
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Pharmacokinetics and Topical Applications of Drugs |
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2097 | (5) |
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2102 | (4) |
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2106 | (7) |
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2113 | (3) |
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Topical Antifungal Agents |
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2116 | (6) |
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Topical and Intralesional Cytotoxic Agents |
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2122 | (3) |
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2125 | (5) |
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Other Topical Medications |
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2130 | (7) |
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Photoprotection and Sun Protective Agents |
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2137 | (5) |
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Special Considerations for Topical Therapy of Ethnic Skin |
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2142 | (5) |
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Section 37. Systemic Therapy |
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2147 | (96) |
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2147 | (7) |
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2154 | (3) |
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2157 | (6) |
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Cytotoxic and Antimetabolic Agents |
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2163 | (18) |
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2181 | (5) |
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2186 | (8) |
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2194 | (9) |
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2203 | (8) |
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2211 | (6) |
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Margaret S. Lee-Bellantoni |
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Immunosuppressive and Immunomodulatory Drugs |
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2217 | (6) |
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Immunobiologicals, Cytokines, and Growth Factors in Dermatology |
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2223 | (8) |
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2231 | (5) |
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2236 | (7) |
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Section 38. Physical Treatments |
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2243 | (42) |
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Therapeutic Photomedicine: Phototherapy |
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2243 | (6) |
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Photochemotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy |
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2249 | (14) |
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Lasers and Flashlamps in Dermatology |
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2263 | (16) |
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2279 | (6) |
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Section 39. Complementary and Alternative Dermatology |
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2285 | (4) |
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Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Dermatology |
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2285 | (4) |
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Section 40. Surgery in Dermatology |
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2289 | (68) |
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Dermatologic Surgery: Introduction to Anatomy and Approach |
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2289 | (13) |
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Excisional Surgery and Repair, Including Flaps and Grafts |
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2302 | (13) |
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Mohs Micrographic Surgery |
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2315 | (5) |
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2320 | (10) |
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Cryosurgery and Electrosurgery |
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2330 | (6) |
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2336 | (6) |
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Wound Repair: Mechanisms and Practical Considerations |
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2342 | (7) |
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Treatment for Varicose and Telangiectatic Leg Veins |
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|
2349 | (8) |
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Section 41. Cosmetic Dermatology |
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|
2357 | |
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Cosmetics and Skin Care in Dermatology |
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|
2357 | (7) |
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Skin Resurfacing: Ablative Lasers, Chemical Peels, and Dermabrasion |
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|
2364 | (8) |
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Cosmetic Applications of Non-Ablative Lasers and Other Light Devices |
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|
2372 | (6) |
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2378 | (2) |
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2380 | (8) |
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2388 | (6) |
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|
Hair Transplantation and Alopecia Reduction |
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|
2394 | |
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Index |
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1 | |