Preface |
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xiii | |
Author |
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xv | |
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Introduction To Chemistry and Green Chemistry |
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1 | (44) |
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If We Do Not Change Direction |
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1 | (1) |
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The Essential Role Of Chemistry |
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2 | (1) |
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Environmental Chemistry and Green Chemistry |
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3 | (2) |
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A Mini-Course In Chemistry |
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5 | (1) |
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The Building Blocks Of Matter |
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5 | (3) |
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Subatomic Particles and Atoms |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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Chemical Bonds and Compounds |
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8 | (4) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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Summary of Chemical Compounds and the Chemical Bond |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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Chemical Reactions and Equations |
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12 | (1) |
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Numbers In Chemistry: Exponential Notation |
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12 | (3) |
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Addition and Subtraction of Exponential Numbers |
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13 | (1) |
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Multiplication and Division of Exponential Numbers |
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14 | (1) |
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Significant Figures and Uncertainties In Numbers |
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15 | (3) |
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Significant Figures in Calculations |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (1) |
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Use of Three Significant Digits |
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17 | (1) |
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Measurements and Systems Of Measurement |
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18 | (2) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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Metric and English Systems of Measurement |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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Temperature, Heat, and Energy |
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23 | (4) |
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23 | (3) |
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Melting Point and Boiling Point |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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Units and Their Use In Calculations |
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28 | (3) |
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28 | (3) |
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31 | (5) |
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Answers to Chapter Summary |
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33 | (3) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (8) |
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45 | (42) |
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What Is Matter and Why Does It Matter For Sustainability and Green Chemistry? |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (3) |
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Some General Types of Matter |
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47 | (1) |
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Mixtures and Pure Substances |
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48 | (1) |
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Summary of the Classification of Matter |
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49 | (1) |
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Quantity Of Matter: The Mole |
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49 | (1) |
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The Mole and Avogadro's Number |
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50 | (1) |
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Physical Properties Of Matter |
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50 | (5) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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Electromagnetic Radiation and Green Chemistry |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (6) |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (3) |
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62 | (3) |
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Evaporation and Condensation of Liquids |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (4) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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Phase Change Materials in Green Technology |
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69 | (1) |
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Separation and Characterization Of Matter |
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70 | (4) |
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70 | (1) |
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Separation in Waste Treatment |
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71 | (3) |
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The Green Chemistry Of Matter |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (6) |
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81 | (6) |
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87 | (52) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (3) |
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Laws That Are Explained by Dalton's Atomic Theory |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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The Basic Structure Of The Atom |
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91 | (2) |
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Atomic Number, Isotopes, and Mass Number of Isotopes |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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Development Of The Periodic Table |
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93 | (1) |
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Hydrogen, The Simplest Atom |
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93 | (2) |
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Designation of Hydrogen in the Periodic Table |
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94 | (1) |
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Showing Electrons in Hydrogen Atoms and Molecules |
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94 | (1) |
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Properties of Elemental Hydrogen |
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94 | (1) |
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Production and Uses of Elemental Hydrogen |
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95 | (1) |
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Helium, The First Atom With A Filled Electron Shell |
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95 | (2) |
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Occurrence and Uses of Helium |
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96 | (1) |
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Lithium, The First Atom With Both Inner And Outer Electrons |
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97 | (2) |
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97 | (2) |
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Lithium, a Key Material in Green Technology |
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99 | (1) |
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The Second Period, Elements 4-10 |
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99 | (5) |
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Beryllium, Atomic Number 4 |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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Nitrogen, Atomic Number 7 |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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Fluorine, Atomic Number 9 |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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Elements 11-20, and Beyond |
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104 | (3) |
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The Elements Beyond Calcium |
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106 | (1) |
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A More Detailed Look At Atomic Structure |
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107 | (1) |
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Electromagnetic Radiation |
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107 | (1) |
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Quantum and Wave Mechanical Models of Electrons In Atoms |
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108 | (5) |
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The Wave Mechanical Model of Atomic Structure |
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109 | (2) |
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Multielectron Atoms and Quantum Numbers |
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111 | (2) |
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Energy Levels of Atomic Orbitals |
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113 | (3) |
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Hund's Rule of Maximum Multiplicity |
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115 | (1) |
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Shapes Of Atomic Orbitals |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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Electrons In The First 20 Elements |
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118 | (4) |
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Electron Configuration of Hydrogen |
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118 | (1) |
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Electron Configuration of Helium |
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119 | (1) |
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Electron Configurations of Elements 2-20 |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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Filling the 3s, 3p, and 4s Orbitals |
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121 | (1) |
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Electron Configurations and The Periodic Table |
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122 | (4) |
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126 | (5) |
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Answers to Chapter Summary |
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128 | (3) |
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131 | (8) |
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Chemical Bonds, Molecules, and Compounds |
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139 | (42) |
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Chemical Bonds and Compound Formation |
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139 | (2) |
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Chemical Bonds and Valence Electrons |
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140 | (1) |
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Chemical Bonding and The Octet Rule |
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141 | (1) |
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The Octet Rule for Some Diatomic Gases |
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141 | (1) |
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The Octet Rule for Chemical Compounds |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (8) |
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Electron Configurations of Ions from a Single Atom |
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142 | (1) |
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Sodium Chloride as an Ionic Compound |
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143 | (2) |
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Energetics in Ionic Bonding |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (2) |
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Formation of Some Example Ionic Compounds |
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149 | (1) |
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Fundamentals of Covalent Bonding |
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150 | (2) |
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Chemical Bonds and Energy |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (2) |
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Covalent Bonds In Compounds |
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152 | (2) |
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Some Other Aspects Of Covalent Bonding |
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154 | (7) |
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Multiple Bonds and Bond Order |
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154 | (1) |
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Lengths and Strengths of Multiple Bonds |
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155 | (1) |
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Electronegativity and Covalent Bonding |
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156 | (1) |
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Sharing Electrons---unequally |
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157 | (1) |
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Coordinate Covalent Bonds |
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158 | (1) |
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Compounds That Do Not Conform to the Octet Rule |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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Chemical Formulas Of Compounds |
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161 | (6) |
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What a Chemical Formula States |
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161 | (1) |
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Percentage Composition from Chemical Formulas |
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162 | (1) |
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Calculation of Chemical Formulas |
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163 | (1) |
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Empirical Formula from Percentage Composition |
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164 | (3) |
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The Names Of Chemical Compounds |
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167 | (3) |
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Binary Molecular Compounds |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (2) |
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170 | (2) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (3) |
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Answers to Chapter Summary |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (6) |
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Chemical Reactions, Equations, and Stoichiometry |
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181 | (28) |
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The Sentences of Chemistry |
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181 | (1) |
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Chemical Reactions and Equations: The Sentences of the Chemical Language |
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181 | (1) |
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Quantitative Calculations from Chemical Equations |
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182 | (1) |
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The Information In A Chemical Equation |
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182 | (2) |
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182 | (1) |
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Expressing a Chemical Reaction as a Chemical Equation |
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182 | (1) |
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Symbols Used in Chemical Equations |
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183 | (1) |
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Balancing Chemical Equations |
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184 | (4) |
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Balancing the Equation for the Reaction of Hydrogen Sulfide with Sulfur Dioxide |
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184 | (1) |
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Some Other Examples of Balancing Equations |
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185 | (2) |
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Summary of Steps in Balancing an Equation |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (2) |
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How Fast Does A Reaction Go? |
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190 | (1) |
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Classification Of Chemical Reactions |
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190 | (3) |
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Quantitative Information From Chemical Reactions |
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193 | (2) |
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Review of Quantitative Chemical Terms |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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What Is Stoichiometry and Why Is It Important? |
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195 | (5) |
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The Mole Ratio Method of Stoichiometric Calculations |
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196 | (4) |
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200 | (3) |
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Answers to Chapter Summary |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (6) |
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209 | (34) |
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The Importance of Acids, Bases, and Salts |
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209 | (1) |
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The Nature Of Acids, Bases, and Salts |
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210 | (4) |
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Hydrogen Ion and Hydroxide Ion |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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Conductance Of Electricity By Acids, Bases, And Salts In Solution |
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214 | (2) |
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215 | (1) |
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Dissociation Of Acids and Bases In Water |
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216 | (2) |
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The Hydrogen Ion Concentration and Buffers |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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ph and The Relationship Between Hydrogen Ion and Hydroxide Ion Concentrations |
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219 | (3) |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (2) |
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225 | (2) |
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Acid Salts and Basic Salts |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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Names of Acids, Bases, and Salts |
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228 | (4) |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (3) |
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232 | (4) |
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Answers to Chapter Summary |
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233 | (3) |
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236 | (7) |
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243 | (32) |
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What Are Solutions? Why Are They Important? |
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243 | (3) |
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244 | (1) |
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Solutions in Living Systems |
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245 | (1) |
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Solutions in the Environment |
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245 | (1) |
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Industrial Uses of Solutions |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (2) |
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The Solution Process and Solubility |
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249 | (2) |
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251 | (6) |
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252 | (2) |
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254 | (1) |
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Molar Concentration of H+ Ion and pH |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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Standard Solutions and Titrations |
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257 | (2) |
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Physical Properties Of Solutions |
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259 | (2) |
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Freezing Point Depression |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (2) |
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261 | (4) |
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261 | (2) |
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263 | (2) |
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265 | (3) |
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Kinds of Colloidal Particles |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (2) |
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Coagulation and Flocculation of Colloidal Particles |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (4) |
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Answers to Chapter Summary |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (3) |
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Chemistry and Electricity |
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275 | (32) |
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Chemistry and Electricity |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (3) |
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Oxidation-reduction In Solution |
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279 | (2) |
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281 | (2) |
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283 | (3) |
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Using Electricity To Make Chemical Reactions Occur |
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286 | (3) |
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Electrolysis of Water: A Green Technology |
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286 | (2) |
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Electrolytic Manufacture of Chemicals |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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292 | (4) |
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293 | (1) |
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E0 Values and Reaction Tendency |
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294 | (2) |
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Effect of Concentration: Nernst Equation |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (2) |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (4) |
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Answers to Chapter Summary |
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302 | (2) |
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304 | (3) |
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307 | (32) |
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307 | (1) |
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Molecular Geometry in Organic Chemistry |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (10) |
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308 | (6) |
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314 | (1) |
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Alkenes and Cis-trans Isomerism |
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315 | (1) |
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Condensed Structural Formulas |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (2) |
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Organic Functional Groups and Classes of Organic Compounds |
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318 | (12) |
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319 | (2) |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (4) |
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326 | (2) |
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Organophosphorus Compounds |
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328 | (2) |
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330 | (2) |
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332 | (3) |
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Answers to Chapter Summary |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (1) |
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336 | (3) |
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339 | (28) |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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Biochemistry and The Cell |
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340 | (2) |
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340 | (2) |
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342 | (5) |
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344 | (2) |
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346 | (1) |
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347 | (2) |
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349 | (2) |
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351 | (4) |
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355 | (4) |
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Nucleic Acids in Protein Synthesis |
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358 | (1) |
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359 | (1) |
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Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering |
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359 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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Energy-Yielding Processes |
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360 | (1) |
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361 | (2) |
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Answers to Chapter Summary |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (1) |
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364 | (3) |
Index |
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367 | |