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E-grāmata: Fundamentals of Telecommunications

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Freeman, a telecommunications consultant, introduces fundamentals of telecommunication networks without bogging readers down in complex math and technical jargon. Material is designed for high-school graduates who understand algebra, logarithms, and basic principles of electricity, with appendices reviewing essentials of electricity, mathematics up through logarithms, and decibels and their applications. This second edition reflects the latest advances in the field, with new chapters on metropolitan area networks, voice over packets, television transmission, and network management. Annotation ©2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

The Second Edition of this critically-acclaimed text continues the standard of excellence set in the first edition by providing a thorough introduction to the fundamentals of telecommunication networks without bogging you down in complex technical jargon or math. Although focusing on the basics, the book has been thoroughly updated with the latest advances in the field, including a new chapter on metropolitan area networks (MANs) and new sections on Mobile Fi, ZigBee and ultrawideband. You’ll learn which choices are now available to an organization, how to evaluate them and how to develop strategies that achieve the best balance among cost, security and performance factors for voice, data, and image communication.

An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all the problems in the book is available from the Wiley editorial department.

Recenzijas

"presents a very comprehensive treatment on the basic concepts of telecommunication without advanced mathematics." (IEEE Circuits & Devices Magazine, November/December 2006) "...the concepts learned from this book will be a strong foundation for advanced studies in telecommunications and business data communication." (Computing Reviews.com, January 13, 2006)

Preface xxiii
Introductory Concepts
1(18)
What Is Telecommunication?
1(1)
Telecommunication Will Touch Everybody
1(1)
Introductory Topics in Telecommunications
2(12)
End-Users, Nodes, and Connectivities
2(3)
Telephone Numbering and Routing
5(2)
The Use of Tandem Switches in a Local Area Connectivity
7(1)
Introduction to the Busy Hour and Grade of Service
7(2)
Simplex, Half-Duplex, and Full Duplex
9(1)
One-Way and Two-Way Circuits
9(1)
Network Topologies
10(3)
Variations in Traffic Flow
13(1)
Quality of Service
14(1)
Standardization in Telecommunications
15(1)
The Organization of the PSTN in the United States
16(3)
Points of Presence
16(1)
Review Exercises
17(1)
References
18(1)
Signals Convey Intelligence
19(22)
Chapter Objective
19(1)
Signals in Everyday Life
19(1)
Basic Concepts of Electricity for Communications
20(8)
Early Sources of Electrical Current
20(1)
The Electrical Telegraph: An Early Form of Long-Distance Communications
21(2)
What Is Frequency?
23(5)
Electrical Signals
28(3)
Introduction to Transmission
28(1)
Modulation
28(1)
Binary Digital Signals
29(2)
Introduction to Transporting Electrical Signals
31(10)
Wire Pair
31(3)
Coaxial Cable Transmission
34(1)
Fiber-Optic Cable
35(1)
Radio Transmission
36(2)
Review Exercises
38(1)
References
38(3)
Quality of Service and Telecommunication Impairments
41(14)
Objective
41(1)
Quality of Service: Voice, Data, and Image
41(4)
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
41(1)
Voice Transmission
42(2)
Data Circuits
44(1)
Video (Television)
45(1)
The Three Basic Impairments and How They Affect the End-User
45(6)
Amplitude Distortion
46(1)
Phase Distortion
46(2)
Noise
48(3)
Level
51(1)
Typical Levels
51(1)
Echo and Singing
52(3)
Review Exercises
52(1)
References
53(2)
Transmission and Switching: Cornerstones of a Network
55(34)
Transmission and Switching Defined
55(1)
Traffic Intensity Defines the Size of Switches and the Capacity of Transmission Links
55(12)
Traffic Studies
55(6)
Discussion of the Erlang and Poisson Traffic Formulas
61(2)
Waiting Systems (Queueing)
63(1)
Dimensioning and Efficiency
63(3)
Quantifying Data Traffic
66(1)
Introduction to Switching
67(8)
Basic Switching Requirements
67(1)
Concentration and Expansion
68(1)
The Essential Functions of a Local Switch
68(2)
Introductory Switching Concepts
70(1)
Early Automatic Switching Systems
71(2)
Common Control (Hard-Wired)
73(1)
Stored Program Control
73(1)
Concentrators and Remote Switching
74(1)
Essential Concepts in Transmission
75(3)
Introduction
75(1)
Two-Wire and Four-Wire Transmission
75(3)
Introduction to Multiplexing
78(11)
Definition
78(1)
Frequency Division Multiplex
79(5)
Pilot Tones
84(1)
Comments on the Employment and Disadvantages of FDM Systems
85(1)
Review Exercises
85(2)
References
87(2)
Transmission Aspects of Voice Telephony
89(18)
Chapter Objective
89(1)
Definition of the Voice Channel
90(1)
The Human Voice
90(1)
Operation of the Telephone Subset
91(2)
The Subset Mouthpiece or Transmitter
93(1)
The Subset Earpiece or Receiver
93(1)
Subscriber Loop Design
93(9)
Basic Design Considerations
93(1)
Subscriber Loop Length Limits
94(1)
Designing a Subscriber Loop
95(2)
Extending the Subscriber Loop
97(1)
``Cookbook'' Design Methods for Subscriber Loops
98(3)
Present North American Loop Design Rules
101(1)
Design of Local Area Wire-Pair Trunks (Junctions)
102(1)
Introduction
102(1)
Inductive Loading of Wire-Pair Trunks (Junctions)
102(1)
Local Trunk (Junction) Design Considerations
103(1)
VF Repeaters (Amplifiers)
103(4)
Review Exercises
104(1)
References
105(2)
Digital Networks
107(42)
Introduction to Digital Transmission
107(1)
Two Different PCM Standards
108(1)
Basis of Pulse Code Modulation
108(10)
Sampling
108(1)
Quantization
109(4)
Coding
113(5)
PCM System Operation
118(1)
Line Code
119(1)
Signal-to-Gaussian-Noise Ratio on PCM Repeatered Lines
120(1)
Regenerative Repeaters
121(1)
PCM System Enhancements
122(1)
Enhancements to DS1
122(1)
Enhancements to E1
122(1)
Higher-Order PCM Multiplex Systems
122(4)
Introduction
122(1)
Stuffing and Justification
122(1)
North American Higher-Level Multiplex
123(1)
European E1 Digital Hierarchy
124(2)
Long-Distance PCM Transmission
126(2)
Transmission Limitations
126(1)
Jitter and Wander
127(1)
Distortion
127(1)
Thermal Noise
127(1)
Crosstalk
128(1)
Digital Loop Carrier
128(1)
New Versions of DSL
128(1)
Digital Switching
128(9)
Advantages and Issues of Digital Switching
128(1)
Approaches to PCM Switching
129(6)
Review of Some Digital Switching Concepts
135(2)
Digital Network
137(12)
Introduction
137(1)
Technical Requirements of the Digital Network
137(5)
Digital Network Performance Requirements
142(3)
Review Exercises
145(1)
References
146(3)
Signaling
149(20)
What Is the Purpose of Signaling?
149(1)
Defining the Functional Areas
149(1)
Supervisory Signaling
149(1)
Address Signaling
150(1)
Call Progress: Audible-Visual
150(1)
Signaling Techniques
150(8)
Conveying Signaling Information
150(1)
Evolution of Signaling
151(7)
Subscriber Call Progress Tones and Push-Button Codes (North America)
158(1)
Compelled Signaling
158(2)
Concepts of Link-by-Link Versus End-to-End Signaling
160(1)
Effects of Numbering on Signaling
161(1)
Associated and Disassociated Channel Signaling
162(2)
Signaling in the Subscriber Loop
164(1)
Background and Purpose
164(1)
Metallic Trunk Signaling
165(4)
Basic Loop Signaling
165(1)
Reverse-Battery Signaling
165(1)
Review Exercises
166(1)
References
167(2)
Local and Long-Distance Networks
169(26)
Chapter Objective
169(1)
Makeup of the PSTN
169(4)
The Evolving Local Network
169(1)
What Affects Local Network Design?
170(3)
Design of Long-Distance Networks
173(7)
Introduction
173(1)
Three Design Steps
173(1)
Link Limitation
174(1)
Numbering Plan Areas
175(1)
Exchange Location
175(1)
Hierarchy
175(1)
Network Design Procedures
176(4)
Traffic Routing in a National Network
180(7)
New Routing Techniques
180(1)
Logic of Routing
181(2)
Call-Control Procedures
183(1)
Applications
183(4)
Transmission Factors in Long-Distance Telephony
187(8)
Introduction
187(1)
Echo
187(1)
Singing
188(1)
Causes of Echo and Singing
188(2)
Transmission Design to Control Echo and Singing
190(1)
Introduction to Transmission-Loss Engineering
191(2)
Loss Plan for Digital Networks (United States)
193(1)
Review Exercises
193(1)
References
194(1)
Concepts in Transmission Transport
195(56)
Objective
195(1)
Radio Systems
196(21)
Scope
196(1)
Introduction to Radio Transmission
196(1)
Line-of-Sight Microwave
197(15)
Fades, Fading, and Fade Margins
212(3)
Diversity and Hot-Standby
215(1)
Frequency Planning and Frequency Assignment
216(1)
Satellite Communications
217(14)
Introduction
217(1)
The Satellite
217(1)
Three Basic Technical Problems
217(2)
Frequency Bands: Desirable and Available
219(1)
Multiple Access to a Communication Satellite
220(3)
Earth Station Link Engineering
223(5)
Digital Communication by Satellite
228(1)
Very-Small-Aperture Terminal (VSAT) Networks
229(2)
Fiber-Optic Communication Links
231(13)
Applications
231(1)
Introduction to Optical Fiber as a Transmission Medium
232(2)
Types of Optical Fiber
234(1)
Splices and Connectors
234(2)
Light Sources
236(1)
Light Detectors
237(2)
Optical Fiber Amplifiers
239(1)
Wavelength Division Multiplexing
240(1)
Fiber-Optic Link Design
241(3)
Coaxial Cable Transmission Systems
244(2)
Introduction
244(1)
Description
244(1)
Cable Characteristics
245(1)
Transmission Media Summary
246(5)
Review Exercises
247(1)
References
248(3)
Data Communications
251(40)
Chapter Objective
251(1)
The Bit---A Review
251(1)
Removing Ambiguity: Binary Convention
252(1)
Coding
252(2)
Errors in Data Transmission
254(4)
Introduction
254(1)
Nature of Errors
255(1)
Error Detection and Error Correction
255(3)
dc Nature of Data Transmission
258(1)
dc Loops
258(1)
Neutral and Polar dc Transmission Systems
258(1)
Binary Transmission and the Concept of Time
259(6)
Introduction
259(1)
Asynchronous and Synchronous Transmission
260(2)
Timing
262(1)
Bits, Bauds, and Symbols
263(1)
Digital Data Waveforms
264(1)
Data Interface: The Physical Layer
265(2)
Digital Transmission on an Analog Channel
267(11)
Introduction
267(1)
Modulation-Demodulation Schemes
267(1)
Critical Impairments to the Transmission of Data
268(4)
Channel Capacity
272(1)
Modem Selection Considerations
272(4)
Equalization
276(1)
Data Transmission on the Digital Network
277(1)
What Are Data Protocols?
278(13)
Basic Protocol Functions
279(1)
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
280(4)
High-Level Data-Link Control: A Typical Link-Layer Protocol
284(3)
Review Exercises
287(2)
References
289(2)
Enterprise Networks I: Local Area Networks
291(24)
What Do Enterprise Networks Do?
291(1)
Local Area Networks (LANs)
291(1)
LAN Topologies
292(2)
Baseband LAN Transmission Considerations
294(1)
Overview of ANSI/IEEE LAN Protocols
295(3)
Introduction
295(1)
How LAN Protocols Relate to OSI
295(2)
Logical Link Control (LLC)
297(1)
LAN Access Protocols
298(10)
Introduction
298(2)
CSMA and CSMA/CD Access Techniques
300(6)
Token Ring and FDDI
306(2)
LAN Interworking via Spanning Devices
308(7)
Repeaters
308(1)
LAN Bridges
309(1)
Routers
310(1)
Hubs and Switching Hubs
311(1)
Review Exercises
312(1)
References
312(3)
Enterprise Networks II: Wide Area Networks
315(26)
Wide Area Network Deployment
315(3)
Introductory Comments
315(3)
The Concept of Packet Data Communications
318(1)
TCP/IP and Related Protocols
319(8)
Background and Scope
319(1)
TCP/IP and Data-Link Layers
320(2)
IP Routing Algorithm
322(2)
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
324(3)
Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN)
327(1)
Background and Objectives
327(1)
The Future of ISDN
327(1)
Speeding Up the Network: Frame Relay
328(13)
Rationale and Background
328(1)
The Genesis of Frame Relay
329(1)
Introduction to Frame Relay Operation
330(1)
Frame Structure
331(2)
Traffic and Billing on a Frame Relay Network
333(1)
Congestion Control: A Discussion
334(2)
Quality of Service Parameters
336(1)
Review Exercises
337(1)
References
338(3)
Metropolitan Area Networks
341(20)
Definition of a Metropolitan Area Network
341(1)
Design Approaches
341(1)
Fiber-Optic Ring Network
341(1)
IEEE 802.11 System
342(2)
IEEE 802.15 Standard
344(4)
Differences Between 802.11 and 802.15
344(4)
IEEE 802.16 Standard
348(13)
IEEE 802.16 MAC Requirements
348(11)
Review Exercises
359(1)
References
360(1)
CCITT Signaling System No. 7
361(26)
Introduction
361(1)
Overview of SS No. 7 Architecture
362(1)
SS No. 7 Relationship to OSI
363(1)
Signaling System Structure
364(3)
Signaling Network Management
366(1)
The Signaling Data Link Layer (Layer 1)
367(1)
The Signaling Link Layer (Layer 2)
368(4)
Signal Unit Delimitation and Alignment
368(1)
Error Detection
369(1)
Error Correction
369(1)
Flow Control
370(1)
Basic Signal Unit Format
370(2)
Signaling Network Functions and Messages (Layer 3)
372(2)
Introduction
372(1)
Signaling Message-Handling Functions
372(2)
Signaling Network Structure
374(1)
Introduction
374(1)
International and National Signaling Networks
374(1)
Signaling Performance---Message Transfer Part
375(2)
Basic Performance Parameters
375(1)
Traffic Characteristics
376(1)
Transmission Parameters
376(1)
Signaling Link Delays over Terrestrial and Satellite Links
376(1)
Numbering Plan for International Signaling Point Codes
377(1)
Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP)
378(3)
Introduction
378(1)
Services Provided by the SCCP
378(1)
Peer-to-Peer Communication
379(1)
Connection-Oriented Functions: Temporary Signaling Connections
379(1)
Structure of the SCCP
380(1)
User Parts
381(6)
Introduction
381(1)
Telephone User Part (TUP)
382(2)
Review Exercises
384(1)
References
385(2)
Voice-Over Packets in a Packet Network
387(16)
An Overview of the Concept
387(1)
Data Transmission Versus Conventional Digital Telephony
387(1)
Drawbacks and Challenges for Transmitting Voice on Data Packets
388(1)
VoIP, Introductory Technical Description
389(6)
VoIP Gateway
390(2)
An IP Packet as Used for VoIP
392(1)
The Delay Tradeoff
392(2)
Lost Packet Rate
394(1)
Echo and Echo Control
395(1)
Media Gateway Controller and Its Protocols
395(8)
Overview of the ITU-T Rec. H.323 Standard
396(1)
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
397(1)
Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP)
397(1)
Megaco or ITU-T Rec. H.248 (Ref. 13)
398(2)
Review Exercises
400(1)
References
401(2)
Television Transmission
403(28)
Background and Objectives
403(1)
An Appreciation of Video Transmission
404(3)
Additional Definitions
406(1)
The Composite Signal
407(2)
Critical Video Parameters
409(2)
General
409(1)
Transmission Standard---Level
409(1)
Other Parameters
409(2)
Video Transmission Standards (Criteria for Broadcasters)
411(2)
Color Transmission
411(2)
Standardized Transmission Parameters (Point-to-Point TV)
413(1)
Methods of Program Channel Transmission
413(1)
The Transmission of Video Over LOS Microwave
414(2)
Bandwidth of the Baseband and Baseband Response
414(1)
Preemphasis
414(1)
Differential Gain
414(1)
Differential Phase
415(1)
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (10 kHz to 5 MHz)
415(1)
Continuity Pilot
416(1)
TV Transmission by Satellite Relay
416(1)
Digital Television
417(6)
Introduction
417(1)
Basic Digital Television
417(1)
Bit Rate Reduction---Compression Techniques
418(2)
An Overview of the MPEG-2 Compression Technique
420(3)
Conference Television
423(4)
Introduction
423(1)
The pX64 kbps Codec
423(4)
Brief Overview of Frame Transport for Video Conferencing
427(4)
Basic Principle
427(1)
Review Exercises
428(1)
References
429(2)
Community Antenna Television (Cable Television)
431(26)
Objective and Scope
431(1)
The Evolution of CATV
432(2)
The Beginnings
432(1)
Early System Layouts
433(1)
System Impairments and Performance Measures
434(7)
Overview
434(1)
dBmV and Its Applications
434(1)
Thermal Noise in CATV Systems
435(1)
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (S/N) Versus Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (C/N) in CATV Systems
436(2)
The Problem of Cross-Modulation (Xm)
438(1)
Gains and Levels for CATV Amplifiers
439(1)
The Underlying Coaxial Cable System
439(1)
Taps
440(1)
Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC) Systems
441(6)
Design of the Fiber-Optic Portion of an HFC System
441(6)
Digital Transmission of CATV Signals
447(1)
Approaches
447(1)
Transmission of Uncompressed Video on CATV Trunks
447(1)
Compressed Video
448(1)
Two-Way CATV Systems
448(3)
Introduction
448(3)
Impairments Peculiar to Upstream Service
451(1)
Two-Way Voice and Data over CATV Systems Based on the DOCSIS 2.0 Specification
451(3)
General
451(1)
Layer 1 --- Physical Layer
452(1)
Layer 2 --- Data-Link Layer
453(1)
Layer 3 and Above
454(1)
Subsplit/Extended Subsplit Frequency Plan
454(1)
Other General Information
454(3)
Frequency Reuse
454(1)
Cable Distance Limitations
454(1)
Review Exercises
454(1)
References
455(2)
Cellular and PCS Radio Systems
457(32)
Introduction
457(1)
Background
457(1)
Scope and Objective
458(1)
Basic Concepts of Cellular Radio
458(4)
Radio Propagation in the Mobile Environment
462(2)
The Propagation Problem
462(1)
Propagation Models
463(1)
Impairments: Fading in the Mobile Environment
464(4)
Introduction
464(1)
Diversity: A Technique to Mitigate the Effects of Fading and Dispersion
465(2)
Cellular Radio Path Calculations
467(1)
The Cellular Radio Bandwidth Dilemma
468(1)
Background and Objectives
468(1)
Bit Rate Reduction of the Digital Voice Channel
468(1)
Network Access Techniques
468(8)
Introduction
468(1)
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
469(1)
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
469(3)
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
472(4)
Frequency Reuse
476(2)
Personal Communications Services (PCS)
478(3)
Defining Personal Communications
478(1)
Narrowband Microcell Propagation at PCS Distances
478(3)
Cordless Telephone Technology
481(2)
Background
481(1)
North American Cordless Telephones
481(1)
European Cordless Telephones
481(2)
Wireless LANs
483(1)
Mobile Satellite Communications
484(5)
Background and Scope
484(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages of LEO Systems
484(1)
Review Exercises
485(1)
References
486(3)
Advanced Broadband Digital Transport Formats
489(22)
Objective and Scope
489(1)
Sonet
490(11)
Introduction and Background
490(1)
Synchronous Signal Structure
490(9)
Add--Drop Multiplexer
499(2)
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
501(10)
Introduction
501(1)
SDH Standard Bit Rates
501(1)
Interface and Frame Structure of SDH
502(6)
Review Exercises
508(1)
References
509(2)
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
511(28)
Evolving Toward ATM
511(1)
Introduction to ATM
512(2)
User-Network Interface (UNI) and Architecture
514(2)
The ATM Cell: Key to Operation
516(4)
ATM Cell Structure
516(4)
Idle Cells
520(1)
Cell Delineation and Scrambling
520(1)
ATM Layering and B-ISDN
521(5)
Physical Layer
521(1)
The ATM Layer
522(1)
The ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL)
523(3)
Services: Connection-Oriented and Connectionless
526(2)
Functional Architecture
527(1)
B-ISDN/ATM Routing and Switching
528(2)
The Virtual Channel Level
528(1)
The Virtual Path Level
528(2)
Signaling Requirements
530(1)
Setup and Release of VCCs
530(1)
Signaling Virtual Channels
530(1)
Quality of Service (QoS)
531(1)
ATM Quality of Service Review
531(1)
Selected QoS Parameter Descriptions
531(1)
Traffic Control and Congestion Control
532(1)
Transporting ATM Cells
533(6)
In the DS3 Frame
533(1)
DS1 Mapping
534(1)
E1 Mapping
534(2)
Mapping ATM Cells into SDH
536(1)
Mapping ATM Cells into SONET
537(1)
Review Exercises
537(1)
References
538(1)
Network Management
539(36)
What Is Network Management?
539(1)
The Bigger Picture
539(1)
Traditional Breakout by Tasks
540(1)
Fault Management
540(1)
Configuration Management
540(1)
Performance Management
540(1)
Security Management
541(1)
Accounting Management
541(1)
Survivability---Where Network Management Really Pays
541(3)
Survivability Enhancement---Rapid Troubleshooting
542(2)
System Depth---A Network Management Problem
544(4)
Aids in Network Management Provisioning
544(3)
Communication Channels for the Network Management System
547(1)
Network Management from a PSTN Perspective
548(5)
Objectives and Functions
548(1)
Network Traffic Management Center
548(1)
Network Traffic Management Principles
549(1)
Network Traffic Management Functions
550(1)
Network Traffic Management Controls
551(2)
Network Management Systems in Enterprise Networks
553(11)
What Are Network Management Systems?
553(1)
An Introduction to Network Management Protocols
554(4)
Remote Monitoring (RMON)
558(1)
SNMP Version 2
559(1)
SNMP Version 3 (SNMPv.3)
560(2)
Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP)
562(2)
Telecommunication Management Network (TMN)
564(1)
TMN Functional Architecture
565(3)
Function Blocks
565(2)
TMN Functionality
567(1)
TMN Reference Points
567(1)
Network Management in ATM
568(7)
Interim Local Management Interface (ILMI) Functions
569(1)
ILMI Service Interface
570(1)
Review Exercises
571(2)
References
573(2)
Appendix A Review of Fundamentals of Electricity with Telecommunication Applications
575(28)
Objective
575(1)
What Is Electricity?
575(2)
Electromotive Force (EMF) and Voltage
576(1)
Resistance
577(1)
Ohm's Law
577(3)
Voltages and Resistances in a Closed Electric Circuit
578(1)
Resistance of Conductors
579(1)
Resistances in Series and in Parallel, and Kirchhoff's Laws
580(4)
Kirchhoff's First Law
580(2)
Kirchhoff's Second Law
582(1)
Hints on Solving dc Network Problems
583(1)
Electric Power in dc Circuits
584(1)
Introduction to Alternating Current Circuits
585(2)
Magnetism and Magnetic Fields
585(1)
Electromagnetism
586(1)
Inductance and Capacitance
587(6)
What Happens When We Close a Switch on an Inductive Circuit?
587(5)
RC Circuits and the Time Constant
592(1)
Alternating Currents
593(8)
Calculating Power in ac Circuits
596(1)
Ohm's Law Applied to ac Circuits
597(3)
Calculating Impedance
600(1)
Resistance in ac Circuits
601(1)
Resonance [ Refs. 1 and 4]
601(2)
References
602(1)
Appendix B A Review of Mathematics for Telecommunication Applications
603(12)
Objective and Scope
603(1)
Introduction
603(2)
Symbols and Notation
603(1)
The Function Concept
604(1)
Using the Sigma Notation
604(1)
Introductory Algebra
605(7)
Review of the Laws of Signs
605(1)
Conventions with Factors and Parentheses
605(2)
Simple Linear Algebraic Equations
607(2)
Quadratic Equations
609(1)
Solving Two Simultaneous Linear Equations with Two Unknowns
610(2)
Logarithms to the Base 10
612(3)
Definition of Logarithm
612(1)
Laws of Logarithms
612(3)
Appendix C Learning Decibels and Their Applications
615(22)
Learning Decibel Basics
615(4)
dBm and dBW
619(2)
Volume Unit (VU)
621(1)
Using Decibels with Signal Currents and Voltages
621(2)
Calculating a Numeric Value Given a dB Value
623(2)
Calculating Watt and Milliwatt Values When Given dBW and dBm Values
624(1)
Addition of dBs and Derived Units
625(1)
dB Applied to the Voice Channel
625(5)
Insertion Loss and Insertion Gain
630(1)
Return Loss
631(1)
Relative Power Level: dBmO, pWpO, etc.
632(3)
Definition of Relative Power Level
632(1)
Definition of Transmission Reference Point
632(3)
dBi
635(1)
C.11.1 dBd
635(1)
EIRP
635(2)
References
636(1)
Appendix D Acronyms and Abbreviations
637(12)
Index 649


ROGER L. FREEMAN is founder and Principal of Roger Freeman Associates, independent telecommunications consultants, specializing in system engineering in the United States, Canada, and Hispanic America. In the course of over forty-five years' experience in telecommunications operations, maintenance, and engineering, he has served as principal engineer for advanced system planning at the Raytheon Company, technical manager for ITT Marine Europe, and regional planning expert for the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), among other positions. In addition to the previous edition of Fundamentals of Telecommunications, Mr. Freeman has written six other books on the subject of telecommunications engineering: Reference Manual for Telecommunications Engineering, Third Edition; Fiber-Optic Systems for Telecommunications; Telecommunication System Engineering, Fourth Edition; Radio System Design for Telecommunications, Second Edition; Practical Data Communications, Second Edition; and Telecommunications Transmission Handbook, Fourth Edition, all published by Wiley. A senior life member of the IEEE, Roger Freeman has lectured at numerous professional conferences and published widely in international telecommunication journals.
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