Introduction |
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xi | |
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Chapter 1 Environmental Impact of Networking Infrastructures |
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1 | (16) |
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1 | (4) |
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1.2 Some definitions and metrics |
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5 | (2) |
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1.3 State of the sites of consumption of the networks: the case of wired networks |
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7 | (4) |
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1.4 Academic and industrial initiatives |
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11 | (2) |
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1.5 Perspectives and reflections on the future |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (4) |
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Part 1 A Step Towards Energy-Efficient Networks |
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17 | (98) |
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Chapter 2 A Step Towards Energy-efficient Wired Networks |
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19 | (40) |
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19 | (3) |
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2.2 Models of energy consumption |
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22 | (5) |
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2.3 Energy-saving strategies |
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27 | (10) |
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2.3.1 Transport applications and protocols |
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27 | (4) |
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2.3.2 Communications links |
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31 | (6) |
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2.4 The problem of energy-efficient routing |
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37 | (14) |
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2.4.1 Model of energy consumption |
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37 | (2) |
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2.4.2 Formulation of the problem |
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39 | (2) |
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2.4.3 Experimental results |
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41 | (10) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (7) |
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Chapter 3 A Step Towards Green Mobile Networks |
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59 | (28) |
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59 | (4) |
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3.1.1 Decreasing power: an imperative in a cellular radio network |
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60 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Definition of and need for green cellular |
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60 | (3) |
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3.2 Processes and protocols for green networks |
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63 | (8) |
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3.2.1 Technologies on the radio interface |
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64 | (2) |
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3.2.2 Adaptation of network activity to traffic |
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66 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Traffic aggregation based on the delay |
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67 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Store, carry and forward relaying |
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68 | (1) |
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3.2.5 Combination of MS and BTS |
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68 | (1) |
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3.2.6 Handover for optimization of the energy used |
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69 | (1) |
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3.2.7 Cooperation between base transceiver stations |
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70 | (1) |
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3.2.8 Increasing the capacity of the RAN and network core nodes |
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70 | (1) |
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3.3 Architecture and engineering of green networks |
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71 | (8) |
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3.3.1 Relaying and multi-hopping |
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71 | (2) |
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3.3.2 Self-organizing networks (SONs) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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3.3.4 Microcells and multi-RAT networks |
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75 | (2) |
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3.3.5 A step towards all-IP and flat architecture |
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77 | (1) |
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3.3.6 Reducing the number of sites by using smart antennas |
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77 | (1) |
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3.3.7 Cooperation between BTSs |
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78 | (1) |
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3.4 Components and structures for green networks |
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79 | (4) |
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3.4.1 Power-efficient amplifiers |
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80 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Elimination of feeders, use of fiber optics |
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81 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Solar and wind power |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (4) |
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Chapter 4 Green Telecommunications Networks |
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87 | (28) |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (3) |
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4.3 Wireless telecommunications networks |
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92 | (7) |
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4.4 Terrestrial telecommunications networks |
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99 | (6) |
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4.5 Low-cost and energy-efficient networks |
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105 | (4) |
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4.6 The role of virtualization in "green" techniques |
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109 | (3) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (2) |
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Part 2 A Step Towards Smart Green Networks and Sustainable Terminals |
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115 | (100) |
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Chapter 5 Cognitive Radio in the Service of Green Communication and Networking |
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117 | (24) |
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117 | (3) |
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5.2 Cognitive radio: concept and standards |
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120 | (4) |
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5.2.1 Attempts at standardization |
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121 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Research projects and initiatives |
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122 | (2) |
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5.3 Various definitions of green in cognitive radio |
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124 | (2) |
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5.3.1 Reducing the pollution of the radio spectrum |
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125 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Reducing the exposure of individuals |
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126 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Reducing the consumption of the equipment |
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126 | (1) |
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5.4 Clean solutions offered by cognitive radio |
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126 | (9) |
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5.4.1 Solutions for the spectrum and health |
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127 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Actions at the level of equipment/infrastructure |
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127 | (2) |
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5.4.3 Optimizing the communication parameters |
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129 | (3) |
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5.4.4 Avenues for research and visions for the future |
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132 | (3) |
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5.5 Use case: "Smart buildings" |
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135 | (3) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (3) |
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Chapter 6 Autonomic Green Networks |
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141 | (36) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (2) |
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144 | (1) |
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6.3.1 Importance of self-configuring for green networks |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (7) |
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6.4.1 Self-optimizing for green networks |
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147 | (5) |
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152 | (13) |
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6.5.1 Protection of the executive support |
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154 | (4) |
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6.5.2 Protection of the energy source |
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158 | (4) |
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6.5.3 Protection of communications |
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162 | (3) |
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165 | (5) |
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6.6.1 Application to wireless sensor networks |
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167 | (3) |
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6.6.2 Application to smart grids |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (6) |
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Chapter 7 Reconfigurable Green Terminals: a Step Towards Sustainable Electronics |
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177 | (38) |
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7.1 Sustainable electronics? |
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177 | (4) |
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7.2 Environmental impact of electronic products during their lifecycle |
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181 | (12) |
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7.2.1 Lifecycle of electronic products |
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181 | (2) |
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7.2.2 Microelectronic manufacture |
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183 | (8) |
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7.2.3 Usage of electronic products |
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191 | (1) |
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7.2.4 Electronic waste products |
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192 | (1) |
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7.3 Reduce, reuse, recycle and reconfigure |
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193 | (11) |
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7.3.1 Reduce, reuse, recycle |
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193 | (3) |
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7.3.2 Reconfiguring with the help of FPGAs |
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196 | (8) |
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7.4 Examples of reconfigurable terminals |
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204 | (4) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (6) |
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Part 3 Research Projects on Green Networking Conducted by Industrial Actors |
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215 | (56) |
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Chapter 8 Schemes for Putting Base Stations in Sleep Mode in Mobile Networks: Presentation and Evaluation |
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217 | (16) |
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217 | (1) |
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8.2 Putting macro base transceiver stations in sleep mode |
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218 | (7) |
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8.2.1 Structure of the base transceiver station |
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218 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Model of energy consumption of the BTS |
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219 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Principle of putting BTSs in sleep mode |
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220 | (1) |
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8.2.4 Illustration of sleep mode. Case of multisystem 2G/3G networks |
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221 | (2) |
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8.2.5 Implementation of sleep mode |
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223 | (2) |
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8.3 Sleep mode in small-cell heterogeneous networks |
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225 | (6) |
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8.3.1 Energy efficiency of small cells |
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227 | (2) |
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8.3.2 Putting small cells in sleep mode |
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229 | (2) |
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8.4 Conclusion and considerations on implementation |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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Chapter 9 Industrial Application of Green Networking: Smarter Cities |
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233 | (38) |
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233 | (1) |
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9.2 Smart cities and green networking |
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234 | (3) |
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237 | (29) |
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9.3.1 Low-consumption communication protocols |
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237 | (5) |
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9.3.2 Assistance in the deployment of sensor networks |
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242 | (7) |
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9.3.3 Low-consumption processor treatments |
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249 | (9) |
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9.3.4 System integration of heterogeneous sensors |
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258 | (8) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (4) |
List of Authors |
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271 | (4) |
Index |
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275 | |