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E-grāmata: Handbook of Coal Analysis

(CD-WINC, Laramie, Wyoming)
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Handbook of Coal AnalysisPalielināt
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Provides users with everything they need to know about testing and analysis of coal











Includes new coverage on environmental issues and regulations as related to coal





Provides the reader with the necessary information about testing and analyzing coal and relays the advantages and limitations in understanding the quality and performance of coal





Explains the meaning of test results and how these results can predict coal behavior and its corresponding environmental impact during use





Includes a comprehensive Glossary which defines items in straightforward language that enable readers to better understand the terminology related to coal





Treats issues related to sampling, and accuracy and precision of analysis
Author Biography xi
Preface xiii
1 History and Terminology 1(26)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Definitions and Terminology
2(2)
1.3 Precursors of Coal
4(3)
1.4 Coal-Forming Processes
7(1)
1.5 Heteroatoms in Coal
8(5)
1.5.1 Nitrogen
9(1)
1.5.2 Oxygen
10(1)
1.5.3 Sulfur
11(1)
1.5.4 Other Elements
12(1)
1.6 Physical Structure
13(1)
1.7 Petrology and Petrography
14(7)
1.7.1 Petrology
14(1)
1.7.2 Petrography
15(2)
1.7.3 Microlithotypes
17(1)
1.7.4 Inorganic Constituents
17(1)
1.7.5 Petrology, Petrography, and Behavior
18(3)
1.8 Coal and Coal Analysis
21(2)
References
23(4)
2 Identification of Coal 27(27)
2.1 Introduction
27(4)
2.2 Analytical Techniques
31(4)
2.3 Standard Test Methods
35(2)
2.4 Coal Classification
37(6)
2.5 Use of Coal
43(6)
2.5.1 PreModern Use of Coal
44(3)
2.5.2 Modern Use of Coal
47(2)
2.6 The Future
49(1)
References
50(4)
3 Sampling and Sample Preparation 54(30)
3.1 Introduction
54(2)
3.2 Sampling
56(10)
3.2.1 General Aspects
57(4)
3.2.2 Manual Sampling
61(4)
3.2.3 Mechanical Sampling
65(1)
3.3 Sample Preparation
66(2)
3.4 Washability
68(5)
3.5 Accuracy and Precision
73(5)
3.5.1 Accuracy
73(1)
3.5.2 Precision
74(1)
3.5.3 Repeatability
74(1)
3.5.4 Bias
75(1)
3.5.5 Method Validation
76(2)
3.6 Reporting Coal Analyses
78(2)
3.7 Interrelationships of the Data
80(1)
References
81(3)
4 Mineral Matter 84(32)
4.1 Introduction
84(1)
4.2 Origin and Occurrence
85(5)
4.2.1 Origin
87(1)
4.2.2 Occurrence
88(2)
4.3 Mineral Types
90(5)
4.3.1 Clay Minerals
91(1)
4.3.2 Silicate Minerals
92(1)
4.3.3 Carbonate Minerals
93(1)
4.3.4 Sulfide and Sulfate Minerals
93(1)
4.3.5 Other Minerals
94(1)
4.3.6 Effect of Mineral Matter on Coal Use
94(1)
4.4 Evaluation
95(15)
4.4.1 Ashing Techniques
97(2)
4.4.2 Ash Analysis and/or Direct Mineral Analysis
99(7)
4.4.3 Non-Ashing Techniques
106(2)
4.4.4 Data Handling and Interpretation
108(2)
4.5 Chemistry of ASH Formation
110(2)
References
112(4)
5 Proximate Analysis 116(28)
5.1 Introduction
116(2)
5.2 Moisture Content
118(9)
5.2.1 Test Methods
124(2)
5.2.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
126(1)
5.3 ASH
127(5)
5.3.1 Test Methods
128(3)
5.3.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
131(1)
5.4 Volatile Matter
132(4)
5.4.1 Test Methods
133(2)
5.4.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
135(1)
5.5 Fixed Carbon
136(1)
5.6 Coal Assay
137(3)
5.6.1 Gray-King Assay at 600 °C (1112 °F)
137(1)
5.6.2 Gray-King Assay at 900 °C (1652 °F)
138(1)
5.6.3 Other Carbonization Tests
138(2)
5.7 Other Methods
140(1)
References
140(4)
6 Ultimate Analysis 144(26)
6.1 Introduction
144(1)
6.2 Carbon and Hydrogen
145(3)
6.2.1 Test Methods
145(2)
6.2.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
147(1)
6.3 Nitrogen
148(2)
6.3.1 Test Methods
148(2)
6.3.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
150(1)
6.4 Oxygen
150(5)
6.4.1 Test Methods
151(2)
6.4.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
153(2)
6.5 Sulfur
155(6)
6.5.1 Test Methods
156(2)
6.5.2 Determination of the Forms of Sulfur
158(2)
6.5.3 Data Handling and Interpretation
160(1)
6.6 Chlorine
161(2)
6.6.1 Test Methods
161(1)
6.6.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
162(1)
6.7 Mercury
163(1)
6.7.1 Test Methods
163(1)
6.7.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
164(1)
6.8 Other Constituents
164(2)
6.8.1 Carbon Dioxide
164(2)
6.8.2 Arsenic and Selenium
166(1)
References
166(4)
7 Physical Properties 170(28)
7.1 Introduction
170(2)
7.2 Density and Specific Gravity
172(8)
7.3 Porosity and Surface Area
180(6)
7.4 Reflectance
186(4)
7.5 Refractive Index
190(1)
7.6 Electrical Conductivity
190(3)
7.7 Dielectric Constant
193(1)
7.8 Dielectric Strength
194(1)
References
194(4)
8 Thermal Properties 198(28)
8.1 Introduction
198(1)
8.2 Calorific Value
198(8)
8.2.1 Test Methods
203(2)
8.2.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
205(1)
8.3 Heat Capacity
206(3)
8.3.1 Test Methods
206(1)
8.3.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
206(3)
8.4 Thermal Conductivity
209(1)
8.4.1 Test Methods
209(1)
8.4.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
209(1)
8.5 Plastic and Agglutinating Properties
210(6)
8.5.1 Test Methods
211(1)
8.5.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
212(3)
8.5.3 Data Handling and Interpretation
215(1)
8.6 Free Swelling Index
216(4)
8.6.1 Test Method
216(3)
8.6.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
219(1)
8.7 Ash Fusibility
220(3)
8.7.1 Test Methods
221(1)
8.7.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
222(1)
8.8 Thermal Conductivity
223(1)
8.8.1 Test Methods
223(1)
8.8.2 Data handling and Interpretation
223(1)
References
224(2)
9 Mechanical Properties 226(23)
9.1 Introduction
226(2)
9.2 Strength
228(3)
9.2.1 Test Methods
229(2)
9.2.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
231(1)
9.3 Hardness
231(3)
9.3.1 Test Methods
232(1)
9.3.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
233(1)
9.4 Friability
234(4)
9.4.1 Test Methods
236(1)
9.4.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
237(1)
9.5 Grindability
238(4)
9.5.1 Test Methods
238(1)
9.5.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
239(3)
9.6 Other Mechanical Properties
242(3)
9.6.1 Cleat Structure
242(2)
9.6.2 Deformation and Flow under Stress
244(1)
References
245(4)
10 Solvent Properties and Spectroscopic Properties 249(26)
10.1 Introduction
249(1)
10.2 Solvent Properties
250(7)
10.2.1 Action of Specific Solvents
253(1)
10.2.2 Influence of Coal Rank
254(1)
10.2.3 Influence of Petrographic Composition
255(1)
10.2.4 Analysis of Coal Extracts
256(1)
10.3 Spectroscopic Properties
257(10)
10.3.1 Infrared Spectroscopy
257(4)
10.3.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
261(2)
10.3.3 Mass Spectrometry
263(1)
10.3.4 Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
264(1)
10.3.5 X-Ray Diffraction
265(1)
10.3.6 Electron Spin Resonance
265(1)
10.3.7 Miscellaneous Methods
266(1)
References
267(8)
11 The Need for Coal Analysis 275(23)
11.1 Introduction
275(1)
11.2 Identification and Character of Coal
276(2)
11.3 Physical Properties
278(1)
11.4 Production
279(4)
11.4.1 Dust
280(1)
11.4.2 Fugitive Emissions
281(1)
11.4.3 Mine Waste Disposal
281(1)
11.4.4 Subsidence
282(1)
11.5 Preparation, Transportation, and Storage
283(2)
11.5.1 Preparation
283(1)
11.5.2 Transportation
283(1)
11.5.3 Storage
284(1)
11.6 Utilization
285(9)
11.6.1 Combustion
285(7)
11.6.2 Carbonization
292(1)
11.6.3 Liquefaction
293(1)
11.6.4 Gasification
293(1)
References
294(4)
Glossary 298(40)
Common Conversion Factors Used in Coal Technology 338(3)
Index 341
James G. Speight has doctorate degrees in Chemistry, Geological Sciences, and Petroleum Engineering and is the author of more than 60 books in petroleum science, petroleum engineering, fossil fuel science and technology, and environmental sciences. He has more than 45 years of experience in the process industries, is the author of numerous invited book chapters and papers, is the senior editor of three journals, and has won numerous international awards and distinctions. 
Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām
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