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E-grāmata: Handbook of Water Purity and Quality

Edited by (President, Ahuja Consulting for Water Quality, Calabash, NC, USA)
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 21-Apr-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Academic Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780323851381
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Handbook of Water Purity and QualityPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 21-Apr-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Academic Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780323851381
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Handbook of Water Purity and Quality, Second Edition provides those involved in water purification research and administration with a comprehensive resource of methods for analyzing water to assure its safety from contaminants, both natural and human caused. The book includes an overview of the subject and discusses major water-related issues in developing and developed countries. Issues covered include sampling for water analysis, regulatory considerations, and forensics in water quality and purity investigations. Microbial as well as chemical contaminations from inorganic compounds, radionuclides, disinfectants, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals, including endocrine disruptors, are discussed at length.

In addition, the luxury of municipal water purified for human consumption is unavailable for a very large number of people. To help solve this problem, some economical water purification techniques, including a million-dollar Grainger prizewinner that can save millions of lives have been included. This fully updated second edition includes four new chapters on topics such as the GenX Water Contamination Problem, the impact of climate change on water, and green chemistry solutions to water pollution.

  • Covers the scope of water contamination problems on a worldwide scale with an overview of major water-related issues in developing and developed countries, including monitoring techniques for potential terrorist-related activities
  • Provides a rich source of methods for analyzing water to ensure its safety from natural and deliberate contaminants
  • Includes a review of water quality forensics with the objective of tracking new potential water contaminants
List of contributors
xiii
Preface xv
1 Overview: modern water purity and quality
1(18)
Satinder Ahuja
1.1 Introduction
1(10)
1.2 Water quality worldwide
11(1)
1.3 Challenges and solutions to water problems in Africa
11(1)
1.4 Impact of climate change
12(1)
1.5 Investigating water quality: the forensic approach
12(1)
1.6 Regulatory considerations to ensure clean and safe drinking water
12(1)
1.7 Monitoring terrorist-related contamination
13(1)
1.8 Microbiological threats to water quality
13(1)
1.9 Radionuclides in surface water and groundwater
14(1)
1.10 A review of pesticide contamination of water
14(1)
1.11 Monitoring pharmaceuticals in water IS
1.12 Arsenic removal technologies: field applications and sustainability
15(1)
1.13 Wastewater: novel treatment technologies and sources for epidemiological studies
16(1)
1.14 Select applications of nanomaterials in water purification
16(1)
1.15 Green chemistry solutions to water pollution
16(1)
1.16 Evaluation of sustainability strategies: a water perspective
17(1)
1.17 Conclusions
17(2)
References
17(2)
2 Water quality worldwide
19(16)
Satinder Ahuja
2.1 Impact of water disasters
19(2)
2.2 Global water scarcity
21(2)
2.3 Water quality
23(1)
2.4 Impact of climate change on water availability and quality
24(2)
2.5 Water challenges worldwide
26(6)
2.6 Conclusions
32(3)
References
33(2)
3 Challenges and solutions to water problems in Africa
35(22)
Shem O. Wandiga
Florence Masese
Simon Ngigi Mbugua
Jane W. Macharia
Maurine Atieno Otieno
3.1 Introduction
35(9)
3.2 Results and discussion
44(9)
3.3 Conclusion
53(4)
References
54(3)
4 Impact of climate change on water quality and public policy approach to reduce uncertainty and risk
57(20)
M. Aminul Islam
Shaika L. Islam
4.1 introduction
57(2)
4.2 Climate change and water cycle
59(1)
4.3 Global pattern of climate change impact on water quality and risk
60(5)
4.4 The need for concerted international efforts to tackle water quality challenges
65(1)
4.5 Policy gaps
66(3)
4.6 Water quality in sustainable development goals
69(1)
4.7 Water quality issues by the private sector investors on key thematic sectors
70(1)
4.8 Increasing risks, increasing withdrawals, and implications on water quality
71(1)
4.9 Conclusions
72(5)
Disclaimer
73(1)
References
73(4)
5 Investigating water pollution: the forensic approach
77(16)
Lawrence B. Cahoon
Robert H. Cutting
5.1 Introduction
77(1)
5.2 Detection of water quality impairment
78(1)
5.3 Types of evidence
79(1)
5.4 Evidence collection and handling
80(1)
5.5 Quality assurance/quality control
80(1)
5.6 Access and entry
81(1)
5.7 Photography
82(1)
5.8 Sampling and analysis
83(1)
5.9 Documentary evidence
84(1)
5.10 Interviews versus interrogations
85(1)
5.11 Expert witnesses
86(1)
5.12 Quantitative reasoning
87(1)
5.13 Depositions and testimony
88(1)
5.14 Obtaining evidence involuntarily
88(1)
5.15 Presentation of findings
89(1)
5.16 Case example
90(1)
5.17 Conclusion
90(3)
References
91(2)
6 Regulatory considerations to ensure clean and safe drinking water
93(44)
Craig L. Patterson
Roy C. Haught
6.1 Introduction
93(1)
6.2 EPA's strategic goals for "clean and safe water"
93(6)
6.3 Drinking water regulations
99(6)
6.4 Human health research
105(5)
6.5 Drinking water research
110(1)
6.6 Risk management
110(1)
6.7 Source water management
111(4)
6.8 Treatment technologies
115(5)
6.9 Residuals management
120(3)
6.10 Distribution system integrity
123(2)
6.11 Homeland Security and Emergency Response
125(3)
6.12 Water quality monitoring systems
128(2)
6.13 Research priorities
130(1)
6.14 Summary and conclusions
131(6)
Acknowledgments
132(1)
References
132(5)
7 Monitoring for contamination caused by malevolent acts and unforeseen events
137(42)
Dan Kroll
7.1 Introduction
137(1)
7.2 Water supply vulnerabilities
138(1)
7.3 What is a backflow attack?
139(3)
7.4 Online monitoring
142(1)
7.5 Water analysis presents many problems
143(4)
7.6 Toxicity monitoring (bioassays)
147(4)
7.7 Bacterial luminescence-based methods
151(1)
7.8 Bacterial respiration-based methods
152(1)
7.9 Inhibition of chemiluminescence
152(1)
7.10 Problems with toxicity testing
153(2)
7.11 Sensor arrays and lab-on-a-chip technologies
155(1)
7.12 Bulk parameter monitoring
156(6)
7.13 Other online technologies
162(3)
7.14 Technologies currently more suited for field confirmatory analysis
165(10)
7.15 Bringing it all together
175(4)
References
177(2)
8 Microbiological threats to water quality
179(20)
Lawrence B. Cahoon
8.1 Introduction
179(1)
8.2 Viruses
180(2)
8.3 Bacteria
182(3)
8.4 Protozoans
185(1)
8.5 Quantification methods
186(2)
8.6 Microbial contamination indicators
188(1)
8.7 Microbial source tracking
189(1)
8.8 Sampling issues
190(2)
8.9 Conclusions
192(7)
Acknowledgments
193(1)
References
193(6)
9 Radionuclides in surface water and groundwater
199(32)
Kate M. Campbell
Tyler J. Kane
9.1 Introduction
199(1)
9.2 Radioactive compounds and radioactivity
199(6)
9.3 Sources of radioactive contaminants
205(4)
9.4 Regulation and analysis of radioactive compounds in water and solids
209(4)
9.5 Biogeochemical processes controlling uranium fate and transport in the environment
213(4)
9.6 Remediation of radionuclide contamination
217(5)
9.7 Concluding remarks
222(9)
Acknowledgments
222(1)
References
222(9)
10 Pesticides in water
231(24)
Shikha Singh
Sumit Sharma
Saurabh Jyoti Sarma
Kshipra Misra
Satinder Kaur Brar
10.1 Introduction
231(4)
10.2 Nemesis of pesticides in the environment
235(1)
10.3 Bioaccumulation
236(1)
10.4 Degradation of pesticides
237(1)
10.5 Impact of pesticide use
238(2)
10.6 Analysis of pesticides
240(6)
10.7 Control
246(1)
10.8 Conclusions
247(8)
References
247(8)
11 Current status of pharmaceutical contamination in water
255(16)
Satinder Ahuja
11.1 Analytical methods
256(2)
11.2 Pharmaceutical contamination of water worldwide
258(2)
11.3 Current status of pharmaceuticals contamination
260(4)
11.4 Illicit drug use around the world
264(2)
11.5 Remediation methods for removal of pharmaceuticals from water
266(1)
11.6 Summary and conclusions
267(4)
References
268(3)
12 Arsenic removal technologies: field applications and sustainability
271(22)
Sumit Sharma
Shikha Singh
Saurabh Jyoti Sarma
Kshipra Misra
Satinder Kaur Brar
12.1 Introduction
271(1)
12.2 Arsenic: a naturally occurring metalloid
272(3)
12.3 Field test and analysis
275(1)
12.4 Arsenic remediation technologies
276(8)
12.5 Arsenic treatment commercialization
284(3)
12.6 Sustainable mitigation programs and agency efforts
287(1)
12.7 EPA policy and guidelines
287(1)
12.8 Conclusion
288(5)
References
288(5)
13 Wastewater: novel treatment technologies and source for epidemiological studies
293(46)
Tabish Nawaz
Sukalyan Sengupta
13.1 Wastewater treatment---introduction
293(2)
13.2 Current wastewater treatment practice: conventional activated sludge process
295(8)
13.3 Novel water treatment technologies
303(25)
13.4 Wastewater-based epidemiology
328(2)
13.5 Conclusion
330(9)
References
331(8)
14 Select applications of nanomaterials for water purification
339(20)
Satinder Ahuja
14.1 Drinking-water regulations
339(1)
14.2 Conventional water purification methods
340(1)
14.3 Nanotechnology-based water purification methods
340(1)
14.4 Select applications
341(1)
14.5 Arsenic removal from water using the latest nanotechnology
341(2)
14.6 Lead removal from water
343(2)
14.7 Removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater
345(2)
14.8 Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances removal from water
347(4)
14.9 Conclusions
351(8)
Acknowledgment
351(1)
References
352(7)
15 Green chemistry: key to reducing waste and improving water quality
359(50)
Anju Srivastava
Sriparna Dutta
Satinder Ahuja
Rakesh K. Sharma
15.1 Overview of global freshwater crisis/water pollution---a global menace
359(2)
15.2 Contaminants in wastewater streams: challenges on the horizon
361(12)
15.3 Fate of contaminants entering water endangering all forms of life
373(1)
15.4 UN Sustainable Development Goals
374(1)
15.5 Research needs and direction in line with global SDGs
375(1)
15.6 Green Chemistry: the potent tool to reduce waste
376(1)
15.7 Green Chemistry solutions to improving water quality
376(14)
15.8 Nanotechnology coupled with Green Chemistry for a safe and sustainable water supply
390(4)
15.9 Success stories from industry and academia
394(4)
15.10 Reactors in action for wastewater treatment
398(4)
15.11 Conclusion and outlook for the future
402(7)
References
402(7)
16 Evaluation of sustainability strategies---a water quantity and quality perspective
409(46)
Ashish D. Borgaonkar
Taha F. Marhaba
16.1 Introduction
409(3)
16.2 Summary of methods for evaluation of sustainability strategies
412(11)
16.3 Toward a sustainable future---a water quantity and quality perspective
423(17)
16.4 Conclusions
440(15)
Acknowledgment
451(1)
References
451(4)
Index 455
Satinder Ahuja is a leading expert on water quality improvement. He earned his PhD in analytical chemistry from the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia. He worked for Novartis Corp. in various leadership positions for over 25 years and taught as an adjunct professor at Pace University for over 10 years. As president of Ahuja Consulting, he advises on water quality issues relating to chemicals and pharmaceuticals. A member of the executive committee of the Rivers of the World Foundation (ROW), Dr. Ahuja has organized numerous global symposia on improving water quality, including presentations for the American Chemical Society and UNESCO. Dr. Ahuja has published numerous papers and more than 25 books. His latest books are Contaminants in Our Water (ACS, 2020); Evaluating Water Quality to Prevent Future Disasters (Elsevier, 2019); Advances in Water Purification Techniques (Elsevier, 2019); and Chemistry and Water (Elsevier, 2017).
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