| Preface |
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ix | |
| Introduction |
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1 | (6) |
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I Physical Aspects of Ultrasonics |
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7 | (362) |
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1 Low-Amplitude Vibrations and Waves |
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8 | (59) |
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8 | (12) |
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1.2 Elastic Waves in Fluids |
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20 | (19) |
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1.3 Elastic Waves in Solids |
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39 | (13) |
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1.4 Absorption of Ultrasonic Waves in Fluids and Solids |
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52 | (15) |
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2 The Propagation of High-Intensity Ultrasonics in Fluids |
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67 | (94) |
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2.1 Absorption of finite-Amplitude Ultrasonic Waves in Liquids |
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68 | (12) |
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2.2 Ultrasonic Cavitation |
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80 | (44) |
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124 | (26) |
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150 | (11) |
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3 The Propagation of High-Intensity Ultrasonics in Solids |
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161 | (76) |
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3.1 Amplitude-Dependent Dislocations! Internal Friction |
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161 | (13) |
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3.2 Ultrasonically Induced Structural Changes in Solids |
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174 | (27) |
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3.3 Mechanical Properties of Ultrasonically Treated Metals |
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201 | (22) |
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3.4 Diffusion in Ultrasonic Field |
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223 | (14) |
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4 Nonlinear Effects at Interfaces in Fluids |
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237 | (50) |
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4.1 Free Surface in Liquids -- Atomization Process |
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237 | (27) |
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4.2 The Mechanism of Ultrasonic Degassing of Liquids |
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264 | (12) |
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4.3 Ultrasonic Emulsification |
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276 | (11) |
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5 Nonlinear Effects at Liquid-Solid and Solid-Solid Interfaces |
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287 | (82) |
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5.1 Liquid-Solid Interface |
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287 | (66) |
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5.2 Ultrasonically Induced Phenomena at the Solid-Solid Interface |
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353 | (16) |
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369 | (118) |
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6 Sources of Ultrasonic Energy |
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369 | (44) |
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6.1 Power Supplies for Ultrasonic Transducers |
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371 | (7) |
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6.2 Mechanoacoustic Transducers |
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378 | (5) |
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6.3 Magnetostrictive Transducers |
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383 | (20) |
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6.4 Piezoceramic Transducers |
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403 | (10) |
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413 | (50) |
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7.1 Vibrations in Finite-Size Solids, Cylindrical Sonotrodes |
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413 | (23) |
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7.2 Design Principles of More Complex Sonotrodes |
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436 | (20) |
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7.3 Designing of Ultrasonic Stacks |
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456 | (7) |
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8 Measurement of Acoustic Parameters |
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463 | (24) |
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8.1 Measurement of Energy Exchange between Oscillator and Transducer |
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464 | (8) |
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8.2 Measurement of Vibration Parameters of Ultrasonic Stacks |
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472 | (9) |
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8.3 Measurement of Vibration Parameters in Loads |
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481 | (6) |
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III Industrial Applications of High-Intensity Ultrasound |
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487 | (196) |
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9 Ultrasound in Raw Mineral Dressing |
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489 | (26) |
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9.1 Flotation and Emulsification of Flotation Reagents |
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490 | (7) |
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9.2 Ultrasonic Disintegration of Minerals and Adhered Surface Films |
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497 | (6) |
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9.3 Application of Ultrasound for Defrothing and Dehydration of Ore Concentrates |
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503 | (3) |
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9.4 Ultrasound in Hydrometallurgy |
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506 | (9) |
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10 High-Intensity Ultrasound in Pyrometallurgy |
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515 | (72) |
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10.1 Ultrasonic Refinement of Melts |
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515 | (8) |
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10.2 Structural Modification of Solidifying Metals |
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523 | (29) |
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10.3 Zone Refining Processes |
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552 | (7) |
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10.4 Ultrasound in Production of Cast Composites |
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559 | (11) |
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10.5 Production of Powders by Ultrasonic Atomization of Melts |
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570 | (17) |
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587 | (96) |
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11.1 Ultrasound in Metalworking |
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587 | (7) |
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11.2 Ultrasound in Heat and Chemical Treatment Processes |
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594 | (10) |
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604 | (9) |
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11.4 Ultrasonic Contact and Arc Welding |
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613 | (13) |
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11.5 Ultrasound in Plating Processes |
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626 | (6) |
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11.6 Fatigue Testing at Ultrasonic Frequencies |
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632 | (5) |
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11.7 Ultrasonic Machining |
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637 | (7) |
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11.8 Ultrasonic Surface Treatment |
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644 | (6) |
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11.9 Application of Ultrasound in Electrochemistry |
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650 | (2) |
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11.10 Ultrasonic Impregnation |
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652 | (4) |
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11.11 Ultrasonic Cleaning |
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656 | (27) |
| Conclusion |
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683 | (2) |
| Index |
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685 | |
