How do digital technologies transform music? The answer depends on the lens of one's analysis: creation, promotion, or the experience of the listener. How Music Changed YouTube shows that the reverse question How does music transform digital technologies? is also worth exploring: through reliance on sound recording and music, internet technologies and media are manufactured, transformed, and come to dominate.
Guillaume Heuguet's study situates YouTube in relation to both the internet platform and music industries by unpacking the cultural and technological forms embedded within and observing the practices and values associated with it, from the art of collecting to the accelerated circulation of samples and remixes. Heuguet's documentary and genealogical work relies on YouTube's traces in internet archives, its successive interfaces, the blogs of its teams, and a few emblematic channels and videos. Particular attention is paid to the tensions between the promises associated with music algorithms - recommendation system, copyright control, view calculation - and the reality of their operation from a technical and cultural point of view.
How Music Changed YouTube shows how, far from responding to an immediate need, YouTube's editorial and economic model developed over time, how the various fans, artists, labels, lawyers and legislators shaped the site, and how these factors affected its rise as a global media force in the early 21st century.
Papildus informācija
This interdisciplinary study of YouTube's rise in the 2000s focuses on the multiple roles music has played in its dominance and how it has adapted along the way.
Introduction
Chapter 1: Music Embedded
The Emergence of Online Listening
The Invention of the YouTube player
Capturing Flows
Chapter 2: Music in Incidental States
The Musicalization of Videos
The Emergence of Official References
A DIY Aesthetic
Chapter 3: Music in Performance
From Show to Variety
Underground in Prime Time
Popularity Reinvented
Chapter 4: Music as Opportunity
The Design of Choice
The Soft Prescription
Playlists, "Trends" and "Mixes"
Chapter 5: Serial Music
The Becoming-TV of YouTube
Enlistment Through Creativity
The Individualization of Promotion
The Mythology of "YouTube Successes"
Chapter 6: Music Under Control
Semi-Automated Copyright
The Pedagogy of Consensus
An Industry of Variants
Chapter 7: The Vanishing of Listening
View as a General Equivalent
A Contested Stallion
Value in Traffic
Conclusion
Guillaume Heuguet is Editor-in-Chief of Audimat, a French journal of music criticism, and editor of a forthcoming anthology of popular music studies with La Rue Musicale, the publishing house of the Paris Philharmonic. He holds a PhD in media studies from the School of Higher Studies in Communication (CELSA), Sorbonne University, France.
