About the Authors |
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xi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xiii | |
Chapter 1 The Consequences of Fatigue in the Process Industries |
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1 | (6) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Human Factors and the BP Texas City Accident |
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2 | (1) |
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1.3 A "Wake-up" Call for the Processing Industry |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (2) |
Chapter 2 Basics of Sleep Biology |
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7 | (28) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (8) |
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2.2.1 Sleep Fragmentation |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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2.3 What is Sleep Good For? |
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17 | (5) |
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2.3.1 The Concept of Process S |
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17 | (2) |
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2.3.2 How Much Sleep Does One Need? |
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19 | (3) |
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2.4 Consequences of Sleep Deprivation |
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22 | (6) |
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2.4.1 Cognitive Performance |
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22 | (3) |
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2.4.2 Health Consequences of Sleep Deprivation |
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25 | (3) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (6) |
Chapter 3 Circadian Rhythms and Sleep-Circadian Interactions |
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35 | (18) |
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35 | (9) |
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3.1.1 What are Circadian Rhythms? |
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35 | (3) |
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3.1.2 Environmental Cues that Entrain Circadian Rhythms |
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38 | (3) |
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3.1.3 Health Problems Associated with Circadian Rhythms and Shift Work |
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41 | (1) |
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3.1.4 Jet Lag and Daylight Savings Time |
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42 | (2) |
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3.1.5 Circadian Rhythms in the Infants and the Elderly |
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44 | (1) |
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3.2 Interaction Between Sleepiness and Circadian Rhythms |
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44 | (5) |
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3.2.1 Alertness and Vigilance: Interaction Between Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Pressure |
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44 | (3) |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (4) |
Chapter 4 Sleep Hygiene Recommendations |
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53 | (28) |
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4.1 Make Sleep a Priority |
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55 | (2) |
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57 | (4) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (3) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (3) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (3) |
Chapter 5 Sleep Disorders |
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81 | (34) |
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82 | (5) |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (2) |
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5.4 Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)/Willis-Ekbom Disease (WED) |
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91 | (3) |
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94 | (3) |
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5.6 Sleep-Wake Phase Disorders |
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97 | (4) |
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5.6.1 Advanced Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder (ASWPD) |
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97 | (2) |
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5.6.2 Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder (DSWPD) |
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99 | (2) |
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101 | (6) |
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5.7.1 Non-REM Parasomnias: Sleepwalking, Sleep-Related Eating, Sleep Violence, Sleep Sex, Night Terrors |
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101 | (4) |
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5.7.2 REM Behavior Disorder |
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105 | (2) |
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5.8 Fatal Familial Insomnia |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (2) |
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110 | (5) |
Chapter 6 Fatigue and Human Performance |
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115 | (14) |
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6.1 Fatigue and Human Error |
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115 | (2) |
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6.2 Fatigue and Hand-Eye Coordination |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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6.5 Fatigue and Reaction Time |
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120 | (1) |
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6.6 Fatigue and Attention |
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121 | (1) |
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6.7 Fatigue and Cognitive Tunneling |
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122 | (3) |
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6.8 Fatigue and Decision Making |
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125 | (1) |
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6.9 Fatigue and Working with Others |
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125 | (1) |
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6.10 Fatigue and Marital Life |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (2) |
Chapter 7 Fatigue and Accidents |
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129 | (14) |
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7.1 Bhopal-Fatigue and Poor Abnormal Situation Response |
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129 | (4) |
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7.2 American Airlines 1420-Fatigue and Decline in Situation Awareness |
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133 | (2) |
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7.3 NASA Space Shuttle-Fatigue and Decision Making |
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135 | (1) |
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7.4 Exxon Valdez-Fatigue and Work Schedules |
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136 | (2) |
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7.5 Three Mile Island and Cognitive Tunneling |
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138 | (2) |
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7.6 Metro-North Train Derailment Fatigue Caused by Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Apnea |
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140 | (1) |
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7.7 Fatigue's Role in Accidents |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
Chapter 8 Fatigue-Related Regulations and Guidelines |
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143 | (10) |
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8.1 OSHA and Fatigue Risk |
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143 | (1) |
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8.2 NIOSH Sleep-Related Publications |
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144 | (2) |
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8.3 UK and EU Regulations |
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146 | (1) |
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8.4 Transportation Fatigue Regulations |
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147 | (2) |
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8.5 Healthcare Fatigue Regulations |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (2) |
Chapter 9 Fatigue Counter Measures |
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153 | (6) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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9.3 A Sleep-Friendly Bedroom |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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9.5 Getting to Sleep or Back to Sleep |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
Chapter 10 Work Shifts |
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159 | (12) |
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159 | (1) |
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10.2 Work-Shift Schedule Design |
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160 | (4) |
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10.3 Managing Work-Shift Scheduling |
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164 | (1) |
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10.4 Evaluating Work Shifts Using the HSE Fatigue Index |
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164 | (3) |
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10.4.1 Fatigue Index Factor 3-Rest Periods |
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165 | (1) |
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10.4.2 Fatigue Index Factor 4-Breaks |
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166 | (1) |
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10.4.3 Fatigue Index Factor 5-Cumulative Fatigue |
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167 | (1) |
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10.5 An Example of Health and Safety Executive's Fatigue Index |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (2) |
Chapter 11 Work Environment |
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171 | (8) |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (2) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (2) |
Chapter 12 Work Task Design |
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179 | (14) |
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12.1 Introduction to Work Design |
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179 | (2) |
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181 | (3) |
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12.3 Administrative Solutions for Work Design Issues |
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184 | (2) |
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186 | (1) |
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12.5 Engineering Solutions for Work Design Issues |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (2) |
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12.7 Human Reliability Analysis |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (2) |
Chapter 13 Employee Training |
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193 | (12) |
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193 | (1) |
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13.2 Addressing FRMS Training Reluctance |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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13.4 Ways to Engage Trainees |
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195 | (2) |
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13.5 Training for Supervisors |
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197 | (1) |
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13.6 Freely Available FRMS Training Materials |
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198 | (3) |
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13.7 FRMS Training Assessment |
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201 | (3) |
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204 | (1) |
Chapter 14 Naps |
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205 | (14) |
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14.1 Perceptions of Napping |
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205 | (2) |
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14.2 Is Sleepiness a Problem at Work? |
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207 | (2) |
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14.2.1 How Much Sleep and What Quality of Sleep are Workers Getting? |
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207 | (1) |
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14.2.2 What are the Consequences of the Disrupted and Inadequate Sleep? |
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208 | (1) |
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14.2.3 How Do People Deal with Inadequate Sleep? |
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208 | (1) |
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14.2.4 Is Napping Appropriate for the Workplace and Would Individuals Actually Nap? |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (4) |
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211 | (1) |
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14.4.2 When the Nap Occurs During the Day |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (2) |
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14.5 Napping Recommendations for the Workplace and for Shiftwork |
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214 | (3) |
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217 | (1) |
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14.6.1 Dedicated Nap Facilities |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (2) |
Chapter 15 Compounds that Alter Sleep and Wakefulness |
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219 | (16) |
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15.1 Over-the-Counter Substances |
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219 | (7) |
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15.1.1 Coffee/Caffeinated Drinks |
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220 | (3) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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15.1.5 Decongestant Cough Medications |
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225 | (1) |
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15.2 Prescription Medications Meant to Alter Sleep and Sleepiness |
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226 | (3) |
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226 | (1) |
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15.2.2 Nonbenzodiazipines Somnogenics |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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15.2.4 Modanfinil/Armodafinil |
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227 | (1) |
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15.2.5 Melatonin/Melatonin Receptor Agonists |
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228 | (1) |
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15.3 Common Prescriptions that can Alter Sleep Regulation |
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229 | (2) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (4) |
Chapter 16 Creating a Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) |
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235 | (14) |
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16.1 Call for Fatigue Risk Management Systems (FRMS) |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (1) |
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16.3 Roles and Responsibilities |
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237 | (3) |
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240 | (2) |
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242 | (1) |
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16.6 Hours of Service Limits |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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16.9 FRMS Quality Assurance Questions |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (3) |
Chapter 17 Accident Investigation |
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249 | (10) |
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17.1 Investigating Accidents, Incidents, and Near Misses |
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249 | (1) |
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17.2 Considering Human Factors in an Investigation |
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250 | (1) |
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17.3 Fatigue as a Contributing Factor in Accidents |
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251 | (2) |
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17.4 Sample NTSB Fatigue-Related Accident Investigation |
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253 | (3) |
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17.5 BP Texas City CSB Investigation |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (2) |
Index |
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259 | |