International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 65 [Hardback]

CONTRIBUTORS		ix
Insulin Resistance: Causes and Consequences
ZACHARY T. BLOOMGARDEN
I. Introduction		2	(1)
II. Insulin Action		2	(2)
III. Effects of the Adipocyte on Insulin Action		4	(2)
IV. Adiponectin		6	(1)
V. Adipocytes, Adipokines, and Insulin Action		6	(1)
VI. Insulin Resistance and Inflammation		7	(1)
VII. Clinical Patterns of Insulin Resistance		8	(2)
VIII. Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes		10	(3)
IX. Association of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and of Cardiovascular Disease with Insulin Resistance		13	(1)
X. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome		14	(1)
XI. Insulin Resistance Syndrome and Malignancy		15	(2)
References		17	(9)
Antidepressant-Induced Manic Conversion: A Developmentally Informed Synthesis of the Literature
CHRISTINE J. LIM, JAMES F. LECKMAN, CHRISTOPHER YOUNG, AND ANDRES MARTIN
I. Introduction		26	(1)
II. What Is Known About Antidepressant-Induced Mania and Rapid Cycling in Children and Adolescents?		27	(7)
III. Could Antidepressant Exposure in Children and Adolescents Lead to Long-Term Mood Destabilization?		34	(8)
IV. What Research and Clinical Recommendations Can Be Made Based on What Is Known Thus Far?		42	(2)
V. Conclusion		44	(1)
References		45	(9)
Sites of Alcohol and Volatile Anesthetic Action on Glycine Receptors
INGRID A. LOBO AND R. ADRON HARRIS
I. Introduction		54	(1)
II. Alcohols and Volatile Anesthetics		54	(1)
III. Ligand-Gated Ion Channels		55	(1)
IV. Glycine Receptors		56	(1)
V. Glycine Receptor Structure		57	(2)
VI. Glycine Receptor Pharmacology		59	(1)
VII. Sites of Alcohol and Volatile Anesthetic Action		60	(16)
VIII. Conclusions and Discussion		76	(5)
References		81	(9)
Role of the Orbitofrontal Cortex in Reinforcement Processing and Inhibitory Control: Evidence from Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies in Healthy Human Subjects
REBECCA ELLIOTT AND BILL DEAKIN
I. Introduction		90	(2)
II. Orbitofrontal Cortex and Reinforcement Processing: Evidence from Animal Studies		92	(2)
III. Orbitofrontal Cortex and Inhibitory Control: Evidence from Animal Studies		94	(1)
IV. Orbitofrontal Cortex and Reinforcement Processing: Evidence from Human Neuropsychology		95	(2)
V. Orbitofrontal Cortex and Inhibitory Control: Evidence from Human Neuropsychology		97	(2)
VI. Orbitofrontal Cortex and Reinforcement Processing: Evidence from Functional Neuroimaging		99	(5)
VII. Orbitofrontal Cortex and Inhibitory Control: Evidence from Functional Neuroimaging		104	(4)
VIII. Conclusions		108	(2)
References		110	(8)
Common Substrates of Dysphoria in Stimulant Drug Abuse and Primary Depression: Therapeutic Targets
KATE BAICY, CARRIE E. BEARDEN, JOHN MONTEROSSO, ARTHUR L. BRODY, ANDREW J. ISAACSON, AND EDYTHE D. LONDON
I. Introduction		118	(1)
II. Comorbidity of Drug Abuse and Depression		119	(5)
III. Anatomical Substrates of Major Depressive Disorder and Dysphoria in Stimulant Abusers: Corticolimbic Dysregulation		124	(7)
IV. Stress as a Common Factor		131	(3)
V. Targets of Pharmacotherapy		134	(1)
VI. Conclusion		135	(1)
References		136	(11)
The Role of cAMP Response Element–Binding Proteins in Mediating Stress-Induced Vulnerability to Drug Abuse
ARATI SADALGE KREIBICH AND JULIE A. BLENDY
I. Introduction		147	(1)
II. Stress and Drug Addiction		148	(8)
III. cAMP Response Element—Binding Family of Transcription Factors		156
IV. cAMP Response Element—Binding Proteins and Stress		152	(3)
V. cAMP Response Element—Binding Proteins and Drug Addiction		155	(4)
VI. cAMP Response Element—Binding Target Genes		159	(7)
VII. Conclusions		166	(1)
References		166	(14)
G-Protein–Coupled Receptor Deorphanizations
YUMIKO SAITO AND OLIVIER CIVELLI
I. Introduction		180	(1)
II. The Search for the Endogenous Ligands of Orphan GPCRs		180	(7)
III. Technical Issues		187	(3)
IV. Examples of GPCR Deorphanizations		190	(8)
V. Conclusions		198	(2)
References		200	(12)
Mechanistic Connections Between Glucose/Lipid Disturbances and Weight Gain Induced by Antipsychotic Drugs
DONARD S. DWYER, DALLAS DONOHOE, XIAO-HONG Lu, AND ERIC J. AAMODT
I. Introduction		212	(1)
II. Metabolic Effects: Glucose Disturbances and Diabetes		213	(7)
III. Metabolic Effects: Lipid Disturbances and Weight Gain		220	(11)
IV. Possible Targets of Antipsychotic Drugs		231	(6)
V. Clinical Implications		237	(1)
VI. Conclusions		238	(1)
References		239	(11)
Serotonin Firing Activity as a Marker for Mood Disorders: Lessons from Knockout Mice
GABRIELLA GOBBI
I. Introduction		250	(5)
II. 5-HT Transporter		255	(4)
III. 5-HTIA Receptor		259	(4)
IV. NM Receptor		263	(3)
V. Conclusion		266	(1)
References		267	(6)
INDEX		273	(10)
CONTENTS OF RECENT VOLUMES		283

Professor Peter Jenner is a specialist in preclinical aspects of neurodegenerative diseases, notably Parkinsons disease. He has spent the major part of his career at Kings College London where he was Head of Pharmacology for 14 years before returning to his research roots and subsequently becoming Emeritus Professor of Pharmacology. Peter has expertise in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics but neuropharmacology based on functional models of neurodegenerative diseases has formed the major focus of his work. Peter holds a BPharm, PhD and DSc degree from the University of London. He has published well over 1000 articles with more than 700 peer reviewed papers. He is a Fellow of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society, the British Pharmacological Society, the Royal Society of Medicine and of Kings College London. Peter was recently honoured with a Doctor Honoris Causa degree from Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest and made an Honorary Fellow of The British Pharmacological Society for his contribution to research in to movement disorders.

Peter has worked closely with the pharmaceutical industry for many years and acts as an adviser and consultant to both major pharma and biotech companies. He has a wide knowledge of the drug discovery and drug development process and has been involved from molecule synthesis through to drug registration for use in man. Peter was the Founder, Director and Chief Scientific Officer of Proximagen, a biotech focussed on the treatment and cure of neurodegenerative diseases that was listed on AIMs and subsequently purchased by a US based healthcare company. He is a regular speaker at international meetings and also takes time to speak at Parkinsons disease patient-carer groups across the UK.