When we walk, drive a car, or fly an airplane, visual motion is used to control and guide our movement. Optic flow describes the characteristic pattern of visual motion that arises in these situations. This book is the first to take an in-depth look at the neuronal processing strategies that underlie the brain's ability to analyze and use optic flow for the control of self-motion. It does so in a variety of species which use optic flow in different behavioral contexts. The spectrum ranges from flying insects to birds, higher mammals and man. The contributions cover physiological and behavioral studies as well as computational models. Neuronal Processing of Optic Flow provides an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the current state of research on this topic written by a group of authors who have made essential contributions to shaping this field of research over the last ten years.
Key Features
* Provides the first detailed overview of the analysis of complex visual motion patterns in the brain
* Includes physiological, behavioral, and computational aspects of optic flow processing
* Highlights similarities and differences between different animal species and behavioral tasks
* Covers human patients with visual motion deficits
* Enhances the reader's understanding with many illustrations
Papildus informācija
Key Features * Provides the first detailed overview of the analysis of complex visual motion patterns in the brain * Includes physiological, behavioral, and computational aspects of optic flow processing * Highlights similarities and differences between different animal species and behavioral tasks * Covers human patients with visual motion deficits * Enhances the reader's understanding with many illustrations
Contributors ix Foreword xi Preface xv PART I PERCEPTION Human Ego-Motion Perception A. V. van den Berg Introduction 3(1) Retinal Flow and Optic Flow 4(2) Basic Properties of Heading Perception 6(1) The Rotation Problem 7(4) Special Visual Strategies to Solve the Rotation Problem 11(2) Circular Heading and Curved Motion Path Percept 13(3) Heading Perception and the Pattern of Flow 16(2) Temporal Properties of Heading Perception 18(2) Heading Perception and Moving Objects 20(1) The Reciprocal Relation between Optic Flow and Ego-Motion 21(8) References 22(7) PART II EYE MOVEMENTS Optic Flow and Eye Movements Markus Lappe Klaus-Peter Hoffmann Introduction 29(1) Gaze during Self-Motion 30(2) Ocular Reflexes during Self-Motion 32(3) Optic Flow Induced Eye Movements 35(7) Implications of Eye Movements for Optic Flow Processing 42(3) Conclusion 45(6) References 46(5) The Role of MST Neurons during Ocular Tracking in 3D Space Kenji Kawano Yuka Inoue Aya Takemura Yasushi Kodaka Frederick A. Miles Neuronal Activity in MST during Short-Latency Ocular Following 51(6) Neuronal Activity in MST during Short-Latency Vergence 57(4) Role of MST Neurons during Ocular Tracking in 3D Space 61(1) Tracking Objects Moving in 3D Space 61(6) References 62(5) PART III ANIMAL BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY Visual Navigation in Flying Insects Mandyam V. Srinivasan Shao-Wu Zhang Introduction 67(1) Peering Insects 68(1) Flying Insects 69(19) Concluding Remarks 88(5) References 89(4) Neuronal Matched Filters for Optic Flow Processing in Flying Insects Holger G. Krapp Introduction 93(1) Visually Guided Behavior and Optic Flow Processing in Flying Insects 94(3) How to Gain Self-Motion Information from Optic Flow 97(2) The Fly Visual System 99(2) Mapping the Local Response Properties of Tangential Neurons 101(7) Response Fields and Matched Filters for Optic Flow Processing 108(3) Conclusion 111(10) References 115(6) A Common Frame of Reference for the Analysis of Optic Flow and Vestibular Information Barrie J. Frost Douglas R.W. Wylie Object Motion versus Self-Motion 121(1) The Accessory Optic System 122(14) Conclusion 136(5) References 137(4) Optic Flow and the Visual Guidance of Locomotion in the Cat Helen Sherk Garth A. Fowler Introduction 141(1) Uses of Vision during Locomotion 142(5) Gaze during Visually Guided Locomotion 147(3) Neural Mechanisms for Analyzing Optic Flow Information 150(16) Conclusion 166(7) References 167(6) PART IV CORTICAL MECHANISMS Stages of Self-Motion Processing in Primate Posterior Parietal Cortex Frank Bremmer Jean-Rene Duhamel Suliann Ben Hamed Werner Graf Motion-Sensitive Areas in the Macaque Visual Cortical System 173(18) Cortical Vestibular Areas 191(1) Human Brain Areas Involved in the Processing of Self-Motion Information 192(1) Conclusion 192(7) References 193(6) Optic Flow Analysis for Self-Movement Perception Charles J. Duffy Introduction 199(1) MST Sensitivity to Heading Direction 200(4) MST Sensitivity to the Structure of the Environment 204(3) MST Responses to Real Translational Self-Movement 207(3) Interactions between Optic Flow and Translational Self-Movement 210(3) MSTs Role in Self-Movement Perception 213(1) A Distributed Network for Self-Movement Perception 214(5) References 216(3) Neural Mechanisms for Self-Motion Perception in Area MST Richard A. Andersen Krishna V. Shenoy James A. Crowell David C. Bradley Area MST---Optic Flow Selectivity 219(4) Area MST---Shifting Receptive Fields 223(7) Conclusion 230(5) References 231(4) Computational Mechanisms for Optic Flow Analysis in Primate Cortex Markus Lappe Introduction 235(1) Foundations and Goals of Modeling 236(1) Models of Optic Flow Processing in Primates 237(5) Comparisons with Physiology: Optic Flow Representation in Area MT 242(3) Comparisons with Physiology: Optic Flow Selectivity in Area MST 245(8) Receptive Fields of Optic Flow Processing Neurons 253(2) The Population Heading Map 255(9) Conclusion 264(5) References 264(5) Human Cortical Areas Underlying the Perception of Optic Flow: Brain Imaging Studies Mark W. Greenlee Introduction 269(5) New Techniques in Brain Imaging 274(13) Summary 287(6) References 288(5) What Neurological Patients Tell Us about the Use of Optic Flow Lucia M. Vaina Simon K. Rushton Introduction 293(1) Functional Architecture of Motion for Navigation 293(2) Why Study Motion-Impaired Neurological Patients? 295(2) The Radial Flow Field 297(3) Impairment of Locomotion and Recovery of Locomotor Function 300(2) Heading Perception in the Presence of Objects 302(7) Conclusion 309(6) References 309(6) Index 315
Professor Peter Jenner is a specialist in preclinical aspects of neurodegenerative diseases, notably Parkinsons disease. He has spent the major part of his career at Kings College London where he was Head of Pharmacology for 14 years before returning to his research roots and subsequently becoming Emeritus Professor of Pharmacology. Peter has expertise in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics but neuropharmacology based on functional models of neurodegenerative diseases has formed the major focus of his work. Peter holds a BPharm, PhD and DSc degree from the University of London. He has published well over 1000 articles with more than 700 peer reviewed papers. He is a Fellow of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society, the British Pharmacological Society, the Royal Society of Medicine and of Kings College London. Peter was recently honoured with a Doctor Honoris Causa degree from Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest and made an Honorary Fellow of The British Pharmacological Society for his contribution to research in to movement disorders.
Peter has worked closely with the pharmaceutical industry for many years and acts as an adviser and consultant to both major pharma and biotech companies. He has a wide knowledge of the drug discovery and drug development process and has been involved from molecule synthesis through to drug registration for use in man. Peter was the Founder, Director and Chief Scientific Officer of Proximagen, a biotech focussed on the treatment and cure of neurodegenerative diseases that was listed on AIMs and subsequently purchased by a US based healthcare company. He is a regular speaker at international meetings and also takes time to speak at Parkinsons disease patient-carer groups across the UK. Markus Lappe received his Ph.D. in physics from Tübingen, Germany in 1989. He was a guest researcher at NIMH, Maryland from 1990 to 1992. Since 1993, he has been in the Department of Biology at the Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
