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Introduction to Qualitative Research 7th Revised edition [Mīkstie vāki]

  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 632 pages, height x width: 246x189 mm, weight: 1210 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 24-Oct-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Sage Publications Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 1529781329
  • ISBN-13: 9781529781328
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  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 632 pages, height x width: 246x189 mm, weight: 1210 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 24-Oct-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Sage Publications Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 1529781329
  • ISBN-13: 9781529781328
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Continuing to be THE guide to the whole qualitative research process for students, this book looks at both the theory behind qualitative research and how to put it into practice in your own work. For students across a range of social science disciplines and beyond, this is a must to help you enhance your research project.

This edition introduces:   

  • a decolonisation of methodologies   
  • a range of indigenous, queer and feminist perspectives on methodologies
  • assistance with defending a viva and alternative forms of assessment to suit a changing world.

More additions to this seventh edition include a section on the subjectivity of a researcher, and how your identity will shape your research. The further reading has been curated to include more than just western voices, providing you with global perspectives on qualitative research. This text introduces how to sensitively undertake ethical and inclusive research with marginalised groups.

This book will help you master a comprehensive understanding of qualitative research.



A new edition of THE guide to the full qualitative research process, featuring international case studies to help you situate your research in the global context.

Recenzijas

Professor Uwe Flick has been a leading qualitative methodologist in the social sciences for decades. His methods texts reflect his considerable talent for presenting complex concepts and approaches in a thorough and accessible manner. This latest text is no exception. -- Darrin Hodgetts An Introduction to Qualitative Research is a comprehensive guide to the qualitative research process written by an accomplished expert in the field. Uwe Flick is relentless in his efforts and ambition to spread knowledge about a rich research tradition that is continually evolving and refined within the social sciences. It is a volume with both breadth and depth containing what you need to know about qualitative research to be able to try it out. Also more experienced qualitative researchers will find this text valuable and insightful. By covering different research traditions and the use of many examples from real research, the author points out a variety of vital themes for qualitative research and captures its richness. -- Katarina Jacobsson In the 7th edition of his well-proven Introduction to Qualitative Research the marked expert on qualitative Research, Prof. Flick, has upgraded the scope of his thoroughly basic textbook (e.g.: actual debates on post-colonial perspectives, mixed-methods, qualitative online research). A special merit of the Introduction is, that students get a feeling of what qualitative research is about: many well conditioned didactically examples of classic studies as well as of Flicks and his students“ own research encourage students to do their first steps in Qualitative Research.  -- Ernst von Kardorff A gentle, supportive, engaging guidebook to the complex terrain of qualitative research. I recommend this book to students because it introduces key debates without jargon, and provides a practical scaffolding for ones own research design by synthesising each chapters learning in a series of critical questions.  -- Flora Cornish

List of Figures
xiii
List of Tables
xiv
About the Author xvi
Preface to the Seventh Edition xvii
Guide to this Book xix
The Approach of this Book xix
The Structure of the Book xix
Special Features of the Book xxiii
The Seventh Edition - What is New? xxv
Discover the Online Resources xxvi
PART 1 FOUNDATIONS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
1(68)
1 Why and How to Do Qualitative Research
3(14)
The Relevance of Qualitative Research
3(1)
Research Questions as a Starting Point
4(1)
Limitations of Quantitative Research
5(1)
Essential Features
6(2)
A Brief History of Qualitative Research
8(4)
Qualitative Research at the End of Modernity
12(1)
New Challenges: Diversity and Decolonizing Qualitative Research
12(1)
Subjectivity and Identity in Doing Qualitative Research
13(4)
2 The Qualitative-Quantitative Distinction
17(10)
Relations of Qualitative and Quantitative Research
17(4)
Mixed-methods Research
21(1)
Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in Indigenous Research
22(1)
Methods' Appropriateness as a Point of Reference
22(5)
3 Theoretical Frameworks
27(20)
Positivism
27(1)
Constructionism
28(1)
Construction of Knowledge
29(1)
Feminism and Intersectionality
30(1)
Gender and Queer Studies
31(2)
Research Perspectives
33(1)
Symbolic Interactionism
33(3)
Ethnomethodology
36(2)
Structuralist Models
38(1)
Decolonization and Indigenous Research Methods
39(2)
Rivalry of Paradigms or Triangulation of Perspectives
41(1)
Common Features of the Different Positions
42(5)
4 Methods and Data in Qualitative Research
47(11)
Research Programmes in Qualitative Research
47(3)
Major Methods and Types of Data
50(2)
Indigenous and Decolonizing Qualitative Research
52(1)
General Issues
53(5)
5 Subjectivity, Identity and Texts in Qualitative Research
58(11)
Subjectivity and Identity - on Both Sides
58(2)
Text and Realities
60(1)
Text as World Making: First-degree and Second-degree Constructions
60(1)
Social Constructions as Starting Points
61(1)
Interpretation and Social Construction: Biography and Narrative
62(7)
PART 2 RESEARCH DESIGN
69(122)
6 Formulating a Research Question
71(14)
Origins of Research Questions
71(2)
Cutting Questions to Size
73(1)
Specifying an Area of Interest and Delimiting the Issue
73(2)
Sensitizing Concepts and the Triangulation of Perspectives
75(1)
Types of Research Questions
76(2)
Good and Bad Research Questions
78(1)
Research Questions and Practice
79(1)
Research Questions in Indigenous and Decolonizing Research
80(5)
7 Choosing and Constructing the Research Design
85(24)
How to Plan and Construct Designs in Qualitative Research
85(5)
The Six F's of Designing Qualitative Research
90(1)
Qualitative Online Research
91(3)
Basic Designs in Qualitative Research
94(1)
Case Studies
94(1)
Comparative Studies
95(2)
Retrospective Studies
97(2)
Snapshots: Analysis of State and Process at the Time of the Investigation
99(1)
Longitudinal Studies
100(1)
Starting Points for Selecting a Research Design
101(1)
Criteria-based Comparison of the Approaches
102(2)
Designing Qualitative Indigenous Research
104(1)
Research Designs - How to Choose
105(4)
8 Planning the Process in Qualitative Research
109(10)
Research as Linear Process
109(1)
The Concept of Process in Grounded Theory Research
110(1)
Linearity and Circularity of the Process
111(1)
Theories in the Research Process as Versions of the World
112(2)
The Research Process in Qualitative Research in General
114(1)
Planning Indigenous Qualitative Research
115(4)
9 Ethics of Doing Qualitative Research
119(17)
The Need for Ethics in Research
119(1)
Codes of Ethics
120(2)
Ethics Committees
122(1)
How to Act Ethically
123(3)
Data Protection
126(6)
Qualitative Research Ethics - Necessary for Better Research
132(4)
10 Using the Existing Literature
136(9)
How and When to Use the Literature
136(1)
How to Use the Theoretical Literature
137(1)
How to Use Theories
137(1)
How to Use the Empirical Literature
138(1)
How to Use the Methodological Literature
139(1)
Using Literature in Culturally Sensitive Research
140(1)
How to Use the Literature When Writing about Your Study
140(1)
Where to Search the Literature
141(1)
How to Search the Literature
141(4)
11 Access, Field Relations and Participatory Research
145(14)
Relations in the Field
145(1)
The Problem of Access
145(1)
Role Definitions When Entering an Open Field
146(1)
Access to Institutions
147(1)
Access to Individuals
148(1)
Strangeness and Familiarity
149(2)
Strategies for Gaining Access - Examples
151(1)
Access and Recruiting for Qualitative Online Research
152(1)
Involvement and Participation of Members in Indigenous Research
152(2)
Participation as Methodological Approach
154(5)
12 Sampling
159(14)
Frameworks of Sampling for Data Collection
159(1)
Defining the Sample Structure Beforehand
160(1)
Defining the Sample Structure Step by Step
161(3)
Sampling Step by Step as a General Principle
164(1)
Purposive Sampling
165(1)
Snowball Sampling
166(1)
Aims of Sampling: Width or Depth?
167(1)
Case Constitution in the Sample
167(1)
Sampling Decisions in the Research Process
168(2)
Sampling in Indigenous Research
170(3)
13 Qualitative Designs with Multiple Methods
173(18)
Triangulation
173(2)
Triangulation Step by Step
175(4)
Issues Arising from Applying Triangulation
179(1)
Triangulation as Systematization of Qualitative Methods
180(1)
Mixed Methods
180(6)
Mixed Methods in Indigenous and Decolonizing Research
186(1)
New Concepts of Combining Approaches in/with Qualitative Research
187(4)
PART 3 VERBAL DATA
191(94)
14 Collecting Verbal Data
193(10)
What Are Verbal Data?
193(1)
Why Verbal Data? Aims and Target Groups
193(1)
Types of Verbal Data
194(2)
What Are Interviews?
196(1)
What Characterizes Narratives?
196(1)
What Are Focus Groups?
196(1)
Starting Points for Selecting an Approach for Collecting Verbal Data
196(2)
Collecting Verbal Data: Selecting a Form of Interviewing
198(5)
15 Doing Interviews
203(34)
How to Conduct Interviews
203(2)
Interviewing as Constructing a Framework for Listening
205(1)
The Focused Interview
206(5)
The Semi-standardized Interview
211(5)
The Problem-centred Interview
216(4)
Expert and Elite Interviews
220(5)
The Ethnographic Interview
225(1)
Mobile Interviewing
226(1)
Online Interviewing
226(4)
How to Analyse Interviews
230(1)
Criteria-based Comparison of the Approaches
231(6)
16 Doing Focus Groups
237(21)
Group Interviews
237(1)
Group Discussions
238(6)
Focus Groups
244(3)
Online Focus Groups
247(3)
Focus Groups in Decolonizing, Critical and Indigenous Research
250(1)
How to Analyse Focus Groups
250(3)
Criteria-based Comparison of the Approaches
253(5)
17 Using Narrative Data
258(27)
Narratives: Why and How? Backgrounds and Approaches
258(1)
The Narrative Interview
259(7)
The Episodic Interview
266(6)
Between Biography and Episode
272(1)
Joint Narratives
272(2)
Criteria-based Comparison of Narrative Approaches of Collecting Data
274(1)
How to Analyse Narratives
274(5)
Small Narratives and Constructionist Analysis
279(1)
Narrative Research Methods in Indigenous Postcolonial Research
280(5)
PART 4 DATA BEYOND TALK
285(98)
18 (Electing Data Beyond Talk
287(12)
Aims of Collecting Data Beyond Talk
288(1)
Types of Data Beyond Talk
288(1)
What is Observation?
288(1)
What is Participant Observation?
289(1)
What is Ethnography?
289(1)
What is Virtual Ethnography?
290(1)
What is Visual Qualitative Research?
290(1)
What Are Documents?
291(1)
What Are Digital Data?
292(1)
Starting Points for Selecting an Approach for Collecting Data Beyond Talk
292(7)
19 Observation anil Ethnography
299(26)
Observation
299(4)
Participant Observation
303(6)
Ethnography
309(4)
Writing Field Notes
313(2)
Virtual Ethnography
315(5)
Criteria-based Comparison of the Approaches
320(1)
Analysing Observations and Ethnographies
320(5)
20 Visual Data: Photography, Film and Video
325(20)
Photographs as an Instrument and Object of Research
325(8)
Film Analysis as an Instrument of Research
333(3)
Video Analysis in Qualitative Research
336(3)
Criteria-based Comparison of the Approaches
339(6)
21 Documents as Data and Secondary Data Anabasis
345(16)
What Characterizes Documents?
346(1)
Using Documents as Data: More than Textual Analysis
347(1)
Selecting Documents
348(1)
Constructing a Corpus
348(1)
The Practicalities of Using Documents
349(2)
How to Analyse Documents
351(1)
Analysing Internet Documents
352(2)
Secondary Analysis of Existing Qualitative Data
354(7)
22 Digital and Social Media Research
361(22)
Social Media and Their Relevance
361(1)
Research Questions in Social Media Research
362(1)
How to Plan and Construct Designs in Qualitative Social Media Research
363(1)
Data for (Qualitative) Social Media Research
364(1)
Collecting Digital and Social Media Data wiih Qualitative Methods
365(1)
Using Twitter for Qualitative Research
366(3)
Using Facebook for Qualitative Research
369(3)
Using Blogs for Qualitative Research
372(4)
Collecting Digital Data with Smartphones
376(1)
Combining Virtual and Traditional Qualitative Research Methods
377(1)
Methodological Issues
378(1)
Big Data as a Challenge and a Threat for Qualitative Research
378(1)
Criteria-based Comparison of the Approaches
379(4)
PART 5 QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS
383(104)
23 Analysing Qualitative Data
385(13)
Aims of Qualitative Data Analysis
385(1)
What is Qualitative Data Analysis?
386(1)
Data Management
387(1)
Using Naturally Occurring or Elicited Data
387(1)
Methods or Data as Points of Reference
387(1)
What is Coding?
388(1)
What is Sequential Analysis?
388(2)
What is Interpretation?
390(1)
Starting Points for Selecting an Approach for Qualitative Data Analysis
391(1)
Criteria-based Comparison of the Approaches
391(3)
Methods of Qualitative Data Analysis - How to Choose
394(4)
24 Transcription and Data Management
398(14)
Technological Progress and Problems of Recording Data
399(1)
Research Diaries
400(1)
Documentation Sheets
401(1)
Transcription
402(3)
Reality as Text: Text as New Reality
405(1)
Transcripts and Data in Indigenous Research
406(1)
Data Management
407(5)
25 Grounded Theory Coding
412(22)
Grounded Theory Methodology
412(1)
Key Steps towards Grounded Theory Analysis
413(2)
Grounded Theory Analysis
415(2)
Grounded Theory Coding: Ways and Versions
417(9)
Which Approach to Choose?
426(3)
Grounded Theory Coding: Integrated Approach or Starting Point?
429(5)
26 Thematic Coding and Content Analysis
434(21)
Thematic Coding
434(6)
Thematic Analysis
440(3)
Qualitative Content Analysis
443(7)
Criteria-based Comparison of Approaches
450(5)
27 Analysing Naturally Occurring Data: Conversation and Discourse
455(19)
Using Naturally Occurring Data
455(1)
Conversation Analysis
456(4)
Discourse Analysis
460(5)
Objective Hermeneutics
465(4)
Interpretive Research in Decolonizing Studies
469(1)
Criteria-based Comparison of Approaches to Naturally Occurring Data
469(5)
28 Using Software in Qualitative Data Analysis
474(13)
New Technologies: Hopes, Fears and Fantasies
474(2)
Ways of Using Software and Computers in Qualitative Research
476(1)
Why Use Software for Analysing Qualitative Data?
476(1)
History and State of Development of QDA Software
477(1)
Software for Analysing Qualitative Data: How to Choose?
477(2)
Examples: ATLAS.ti, NVivo and MAXQDA
479(2)
How to Use Software in Qualitative Research
481(1)
Software's Impact on Qualitative Research: Examples
482(1)
More Recent Developments: CAQDAS 2.0
483(4)
PART 6 GROUNDING, WRITING AND OUTLOOK
487(57)
29 Quality of Qualitative Research: Criteria and Beyond
489(27)
Selective Plausibilization
489(1)
Reliability
490(2)
Validity
492(3)
Objectivity
495(1)
Classical Criteria in Qualitative Research?
495(1)
Alternative Criteria
496(6)
Traditional or Alternative Criteria: New Answers to Old Questions?
502(1)
Quality Assessment as a Challenge for Qualitative Research
503(1)
Quality Criteria or Strategies of Quality Assurance?
504(1)
Strategies of Generalization in Qualitative Research
504(3)
Process Evaluation and Reflexivity
507(1)
Research Steps and Methods: Rules of Thumb and Key Questions
508(2)
Indication for Qualitative Research
510(1)
Quality Management
511(5)
30 Writing Up and Assessment in Qualitative Research
516(14)
Writing and Reporting in Decolonizing Qualitative Research
516(1)
Reflexive Function of Writing
517(1)
Dissolution of Social Science into Styles of Writing?
518(1)
Pragmatic Function of Writing: Presentation of Results
518(4)
Legitimizing Function of Writing
522(2)
Making Qualitative Research Relevant
524(1)
Preparing a Viva and Assessment Based on Qualitative Research
524(6)
31 State of the Art and the Future
530(14)
Qualitative Research Today
530(3)
Current Methodological Trends
533(3)
New Challenges: Internationalization, Diversity and Decolonization
536(2)
How to Learn and How to Teach Qualitative Research
538(1)
The Future of Qualitative Research: Art or Method?
539(5)
Glossary 544(12)
References 556(30)
Author Index 586(7)
Subject Index 593
Uwe Flick is Senior Professor of Qualitative Research in Social Science and Education at the Freie Universität Berlin, Germany. He is a trained psychologist and sociologist and received his PhD from the Freie Universität Berlin in 1988 and his Habilitation from the Technical University Berlin in 1994. He has been Professor of Qualitative Research at Alice Salomon University of Applied Sciences in Berlin, Germany and at the University of Vienna, Austria. Previously, he was Adjunct Professor at the Memorial University of Newfoundland in St. Johns, Canada; a Lecturer in research methodology at the Freie Universität Berlin; a Reader and Assistant Professor in qualitative methods and evaluation at the Technical University Berlin; and Associate Professor and Head of the Department of Medical Sociology at the Hannover Medical School. He has held visiting appointments at the London School of Economics, the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales in Paris, Cambridge University (UK), Memorial University of St Johns (Canada), University of Lisbon (Portugal), Institute of Higher Studies in Vienna, in Italy and Sweden, and the School of Psychology at Massey University, Auckland (New Zealand). His main research interests are qualitative methods, social representations in the fields of individual and public health, vulnerability in fields like youth homelessness or (forced) migration and chronical illness in everyday live. He is the editor of The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research Design (2 Vols.; Sage 2022). The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Analysis (Sage, 2014), The SAGE Qualitative Research Kit (Sage, 2nd edn, 2018), A Companion to Qualitative Research (Sage, 2004), Psychology of the Social (Cambridge University Press, 1998). His most recent publications are the seventh edition of An Introduction to Qualitative Research (Sage, 2023), Doing Grounded Theory (Sage, 2018), Doing Triangulation and Mixed Methods (Sage, 2018), The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Collection (editor, Sage, 2018), the third edition of Introducing Research Methodology Thinking Your Way through Your Research Project (Sage, 2020) and Doing Interview Research - The Essential How To Guide (Sage 2022). In 2019, Uwe Flick received the Lifetime Award in Qualitative Inquiry at the 15th International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry.