Foreword to the third edition |
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xv | |
Foreword to the second edition |
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xvii | |
Foreword to the first edition |
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xxi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxiii | |
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3 | (12) |
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Some important differences in maternity care between the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada |
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8 | (4) |
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12 | (1) |
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Changes in this third edition |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 Dysfunctional Labor: General Considerations |
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15 | (36) |
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16 | (5) |
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What is dysfunctional labor? |
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21 | (2) |
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Why does labor progress slow down or stop? |
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23 | (1) |
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A role for the fetus in regulating labor? |
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23 | (1) |
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The psychoemotional state of the woman: maternal well-being or maternal distress? |
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24 | (11) |
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24 | (5) |
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The "fight-or-flight" and "tend-and-befriend" responses to distress and fear in labor |
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29 | (2) |
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The environment for birth |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (2) |
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Physical comfort measures |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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Why focus on maternal position? |
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35 | (2) |
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Monitoring the mobile woman's fetus |
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37 | (8) |
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37 | (1) |
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When EFM is required: options to enhance maternal mobility |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (3) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (3) |
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Techniques to elicit stronger contractions |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (5) |
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Chapter 3 Assessing Progress in Labor |
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51 | (50) |
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52 | (14) |
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52 | (5) |
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57 | (3) |
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60 | (4) |
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Other assessments prior to labor |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (18) |
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Position, attitude, and station of the fetus |
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66 | (1) |
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Vaginal examinations: indications and timing |
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66 | (1) |
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Performing a vaginal examination during labor |
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67 | (3) |
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70 | (1) |
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Unusual cervical findings |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (8) |
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The vagina and bony pelvis |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (3) |
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Assessing the mother's condition |
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84 | (2) |
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Hydration and nourishment |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (8) |
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86 | (1) |
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How to perform intermittent auscultation |
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87 | (2) |
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When using continuous electronic fetal monitoring |
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89 | (2) |
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The three-tiered fetal heart rate interpretation system |
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91 | (3) |
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94 | (2) |
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Assessing progress in the first stage |
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94 | (2) |
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Assessing progress in the second stage |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (5) |
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Chapter 4 Prolonged Prelabor and Latent First Stage |
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101 | (23) |
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101 | (7) |
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When is a woman in labor? |
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102 | (1) |
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Can prenatal measures prevent the fetal occiput position during labor? |
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103 | (3) |
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The woman who has hours of contractions without dilation |
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106 | (2) |
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The six ways to progress in labor |
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108 | (1) |
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Support measures for women who are at home in prelabor and the latent phase |
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109 | (2) |
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Some reasons for excessive pain and duration of prelabor or the latent phase |
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111 | (2) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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Troubleshooting measures for painful prolonged prelabor or latent phase |
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113 | (2) |
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Measures to alleviate painful, nonprogressing, nondilating contractions in prelabor or the latent phase |
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115 | (6) |
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Synclitism and asynclitism |
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116 | (5) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (3) |
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Chapter 5 Prolonged Active Phase of Labor |
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124 | (49) |
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When is active labor prolonged? |
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125 | (1) |
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Characteristics of prolonged active labor |
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126 | (1) |
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Possible causes of prolonged active labor |
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127 | (9) |
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Fetal and fetopelvic factors |
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129 | (3) |
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How fetal malpositions delay labor progress |
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132 | (1) |
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Problems in diagnosis of fetal position during labor |
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133 | (1) |
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Artificial rupture of the membranes with a malpositioned fetus |
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134 | (1) |
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Specific measures to address and correct problems associated with a "poor fit"---malposition, cephalopelvic disproportion, and macrosomia |
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135 | (1) |
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Maternal positions and movements for suspected fetal malposition, cephalopelvic disproportion, or macrosomia |
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136 | (10) |
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Forward-leaning positions |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (3) |
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Asymmetric positions and movements |
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141 | (3) |
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144 | (1) |
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An uncontrollable premature urge to push |
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144 | (2) |
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If contractions are inadequate |
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146 | (10) |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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Uterine lactic acidosis as a cause of inadequate contractions |
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151 | (2) |
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When the cause of inadequate contractions is unknown |
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153 | (3) |
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If there is a persistent anterior cervical lip or a swollen cervix |
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156 | (2) |
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Positions to reduce an anterior cervical lip or a swollen cervix |
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156 | (2) |
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158 | (1) |
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Manual reduction of a persistent cervical lip |
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158 | (1) |
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If emotional dystocia is suspected |
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158 | (9) |
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Assessing the woman's coping |
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158 | (2) |
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Indicators of emotional dystocia during active labor |
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160 | (1) |
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Predisposing factors for emotional dystocia |
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161 | (1) |
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Helping the woman state her fears |
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161 | (1) |
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How to help a laboring woman in distress |
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162 | (2) |
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Special needs of childhood abuse survivors |
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164 | (2) |
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Incompatibility or poor relationship with staff |
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166 | (1) |
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If the source of the woman's anxiety cannot be identified |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (6) |
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Chapter 6 Prolonged Second Stage of Labor |
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173 | (51) |
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Definitions of the second stage of labor |
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174 | (1) |
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Phases of the second stage of labor |
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174 | (14) |
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The latent phase of the second stage |
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174 | (3) |
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The active phase of the second stage |
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177 | (1) |
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Physiologic effects of prolonged breath-holding and straining |
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178 | (4) |
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If the woman has an epidural |
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182 | (4) |
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How long an active phase of second stage is too long? |
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186 | (2) |
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Possible etiologies and solutions for second-stage dystocia |
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188 | (27) |
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Maternal positions and other strategies for suspected occiput posterior or persistent occiput transverse fetuses |
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188 | (12) |
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Manual interventions to reposition the occiput posterior fetus |
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200 | (1) |
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Early interventions for suspected persistent asynclitism |
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200 | (5) |
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If cephalopelvic disproportion or macrosomia ("poor fit") is suspected |
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205 | (1) |
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Positions for "possible cephalopelvic disproportion" in second stage |
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206 | (8) |
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214 | (1) |
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If contractions are inadequate |
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215 | (1) |
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If emotional dystocia is suspected |
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215 | (4) |
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The essence of coping during the second stage of labor |
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215 | (4) |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (5) |
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Chapter 7 Optimal Newborn Transition and Third and Fourth Stage Labor Management |
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224 | (18) |
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Overview of the normal third and fourth stages of labor for baby and unmedicated mother |
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225 | (2) |
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Third stage management: care of the baby |
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227 | (2) |
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Oral and nasopharynx suctioning |
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227 | (1) |
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Delayed clamping and cutting of the umbilical cord |
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228 | (1) |
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Third stage management: the placenta |
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229 | (5) |
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Expectant physiologic management of the third stage of labor |
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229 | (1) |
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Active management of the third stage of labor |
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230 | (4) |
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The fourth stage of labor |
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234 | (2) |
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Keeping the mother and baby together |
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234 | (2) |
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Baby-friendly (breastfeeding) practices |
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236 | (1) |
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Ten steps to successful breastfeeding |
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237 | (1) |
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Routine newborn assessments |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (4) |
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Chapter 8 Low-Technology Clinical Interventions to Promote Labor Progress |
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242 | (35) |
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Intermediate-level interventions for management of problem labors |
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243 | (1) |
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When progress in prelabor or latent phase remains inadequate |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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Management of cervical stenosis or the "zipper" cervix |
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245 | (1) |
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When progress in active phase remains inadequate |
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245 | (6) |
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Artificial rupture of the membranes (AROM) |
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246 | (1) |
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Digital or manual rotation of the fetal head |
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246 | (4) |
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Manual reduction of a persistent cervical lip |
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250 | (1) |
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Reducing swelling of the cervix or anterior lip |
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251 | (1) |
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Fostering normality in birth |
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251 | (6) |
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251 | (6) |
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When progress in second stage labor remains inadequate |
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257 | (1) |
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Duration of second stage labor |
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257 | (1) |
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Supportive directions for bearing down efforts |
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258 | (1) |
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Hand maneuvers and anticipatory management of intrapartum problems |
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258 | (9) |
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258 | (7) |
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265 | (2) |
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Nonpharmacologic and minimally invasive techniques for intrapartum pain relief |
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267 | (4) |
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267 | (2) |
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269 | (2) |
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271 | (1) |
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Topical anesthetic applied to the perineum |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (5) |
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Chapter 9 The Labor Progress Toolkit: Part 1. Maternal Positions and Movements |
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277 | (49) |
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278 | (33) |
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279 | (10) |
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Standing, leaning forward |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (7) |
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297 | (9) |
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306 | (5) |
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Maternal movements in first and second stages |
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311 | (13) |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (2) |
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Chapter 10 The Labor Progress Toolkit: Part 2. Comfort Measures |
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326 | (53) |
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General guidelines for comfort during a slow labor |
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327 | (1) |
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Nonpharmacologic physical comfort measures |
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328 | (26) |
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328 | (2) |
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330 | (2) |
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332 | (5) |
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337 | (8) |
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345 | (2) |
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347 | (1) |
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Continuous labor support from a doula, nurse, or midwife |
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347 | (3) |
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Psychosocial comfort measures |
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350 | (1) |
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Assessing the woman's emotional state |
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351 | (3) |
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Techniques and devices to reduce back pain |
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354 | (17) |
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354 | (1) |
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355 | (2) |
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357 | (2) |
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Cook's counterpressure technique No. 1: ischial tuberosities (I-T) |
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359 | (2) |
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Cook's counterpressure technique No. 2: perilabial (P-L) |
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361 | (2) |
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363 | (2) |
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365 | (1) |
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366 | (1) |
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367 | (1) |
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Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) |
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368 | (3) |
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Sterile water injections for back pain |
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371 | (1) |
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Breathing or moaning for relaxation and a sense of mastery |
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371 | (3) |
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Bearing-down techniques for the second stage |
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374 | (2) |
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376 | (1) |
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376 | (3) |
Epidural Index |
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379 | (2) |
Index |
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381 | |