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E-grāmata: Latin American Politics and Society

3.93/5 (14 ratings by Goodreads)
(Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile), (University of Southern California)
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  • Izdošanas datums: 09-Jun-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108860802
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  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 09-Jun-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108860802

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Taking a fresh thematic approach to politics and society in Latin America, this introductory textbook analyzes the region's past and present in an accessible and engaging style well-suited to undergraduate students. The book provides historical insights into modern states and critical issues they are facing, with insightful analyses that are supported by empirical data, maps and timelines. Drawing upon cutting-edge research, the text considers critical topics relevant to all countries within the region such as the expansion of democracy and citizenship rights and responses to human rights abuses, corruption, and violence. Each richly illustrated chapter contains a compelling and cohesive narrative, followed by thought-provoking questions and further reading suggestions, making this text a vital resource for anyone encountering the complexities of Latin American politics for the first time in their studies.

An engaging introduction to Latin America with a fresh, thematic approach to key political and social issues. This accessible undergraduate textbook examines the entirety of the region, addressing complex issues in a clear and direct manner. Grounded in cutting-edge research and data, concepts are illustrated through tables, maps, and timelines.

Recenzijas

'This book is impressive in scope and depth. It offers an introduction to Latin America for those unfamiliar with the region and a novel perspective for specialists one centered on inequality and state weakness as conditioning factors for the attainment of full citizenship and for regime-level dynamics. Especially impressive is how the authors integrate cutting-edge scholarship across disciplines, a wealth of easy-to-interpret empirical data, and images that capture key ideas visually. Comparisons around topical themes offer frameworks for thinking through pressing questions, and invite inquiry into individual cases. Support materials for instructors are pedagogically careful and creative. This book will profoundly shape how we teach about Latin American politics in the years to come.' Santiago Anria, Dickinson College 'Latin American Politics and Society is a superb resource. The book covers the classic themes in the study of Latin America, as well as emerging debates on civil rights, inclusion, organized crime, extractivism, and social policy. Munck and Luna have set a new standard for teaching about the region.' Anķbal Pérez-Lińįn, University of Notre Dame 'This excellent textbook, by two preeminent scholars of the region, will introduce students to the problems 'of and for democracy' in Latin America, to its history, and to its contemporary politics. The book offers students a deep understanding of the significant advances the countries of Latin America have made, as well as the issues with which they continue to struggle.' Daniel Brinks, The University of Texas at Austin 'This textbook offers a wonderful overview of Latin American politics. It does so through a clever thematic lens that is matched with rich empirical detail and discussions on the very latest research. The comprehensive coverage of the region's contemporary politics is excellently grounded in the historical focus that comprises the first part of the book. I have been waiting for a textbook like this; I look forward to using it in my undergraduate class.' David Doyle, University of Oxford 'Munck and Luna have produced an exceptionally useful textbook for students of Latin American politics. The textbook strikes a highly effective balance between the analysis of regional themes and the exploration of specific country experiences drawn from across the region. Another distinctive strength is the skill with which it explores classic topics such as democracy and authoritarianism while also covering political issues that have gained prominence more recently, including neoextractivism, gender quotas, and conditional cash transfers.' Kent Eaton, University of California, Santa Cruz 'Latin American Politics and Society is an ambitious book that will serve as an authoritative introduction to stimulate and intrigue new students, as well as a powerful and comprehensive synthesis that will engage knowledgeable readers for some time to come. It is rich in empirical detail, and yet panoramic in its overview of the region's history and development.' Maxwell Cameron, University of British Columbia 'An ideal book for my undergraduate class on Latin American politics. The book covers classic themes, along with new ones, and countries that my students enjoy discussing. It has a welcome consideration of women, indigenous peoples, and Afro-descendants. Each chapter is clearly organized and presents arguments in an engaging way.' Astrid Arrarįs, Florida International University 'This book is a welcomed titanic enterprise that combines historical, cross-national, and case-specific knowledge with simple yet sharp analytical ideas. It helps to understand the region both to newcomers, such as undergraduate students in the social sciences, and to scholars who may specialize in specific countries but lack a comparative perspective. It artfully dissects the Latin American paradox of democracies coexisting with weak states and extremely unequal societies. It goes beyond the narrower traditional institutional perspective of politics, taking a political economy approach that connects democracy and its problems to the prevalent economic models over time, while simultaneously bringing upfront an intersectional approach to the inequalities omnipresent in this lopsided continent.' Maria José Įlvarez Rivadulla, Universidad de los Andes, Colombia 'This introduction to Latin America's social and political issues combines a historical perspective with a sharp analytical framework. It is encompassing but never superficial, accessible to non-specialists while avoiding simplification. A thoughtful book one reads with pleasure while being constantly provoked by exciting questions. It takes two among the most innovative Latin American scholars, like Munck and Luna, to yield such an accomplished tale about the continent's past and present formidable challenges in searching for more just and democratic societies.' Maria Herminia Tavares de Almeida, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil 'This book is a tour de force and an instant classic! It takes a fresh, innovative lens to the study of Latin American politics and society, and does so in an accessible and engaging way while also relaying the complexity of the political contexts and challenging the reader. In decades of teaching Latin American politics and society, I have never found a textbook that quite fits. This book is what I have been looking for, and I have already adopted it for my courses.' Merike Blofield, Institute for Latin American Studies at the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA), and the University of Hamburg 'This is a textbook with true intellectual pedigree and ambition that yet remains clear in exposition and accessible to readers who are approaching Latin American politics for the first time. It will be entirely suitable for upper-division undergraduates, but not exclusively so. Many master's students may benefit from its in-depth discussion of contentious issues; and even doctoral students may find it helpful in locating their specific research interests within the comparative compass of Latin American politics and the wide field of comparative political science itself.' Joe Foweraker, Journal of Latin American Studies 'There are many strengths to this textbook. I appreciate the emphasis on state capacity as opposed to offering some version of modernization theory/ cultural explanations of LA politics, the focus on the question of democracy and the issue of inequality, and transitional justice. The structure of the chapters, including the summary, discussion questions and additional sources are all great.' Lucrecia Garcia Iommi, Fairfield University

Papildus informācija

An engaging introduction to Latin America with a fresh, thematic approach to key political and social issues.
List of Maps
xvi
About the Authors xvii
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxxi
Introduction: Latin American Politics and Society 1(16)
The Historical Overview
2(1)
Modern States and Four Core Issues
3(3)
Historical Origin and Evolution
6(2)
Historical Novelties and Legacies
8(1)
The Contemporary Period
9(1)
Problems of and for Democracy
9(1)
Poor-Quality Democracies and Few Public Goods
10(3)
Next Steps
13(4)
Part I A Historical Overview
1 The State and State Capacity
17(32)
1.1 Concepts and Overview
18(4)
1.1.1 The State and the Modern State
18(2)
1.1.2 State Capacity
20(1)
1.1.3 The State and State Capacity in Latin America
21(1)
1.2 Before Modern States
22(4)
1.2.1 Pre-Columbian Times
22(1)
1.2.2 Spanish and Portuguese Colonial Rule
23(3)
1.3 The Formation of Modern States, 1810-1875
26(8)
1.3.1 Independence
27(3)
1.3.2 Anarchy
30(1)
1.3.3 State Formation
30(4)
1.4 The Problem of State Capacity, 1875-2010s
34(9)
1.4.1 The Origins of Weak States
35(2)
1.4.2 The Persistence of Weak States
37(3)
1.4.3 The Weakness of Contemporary States
40(3)
1.5 Summary
43(6)
Discussion Questions
44(1)
Resources
45(4)
2 Nation Building, Race, and Ethnicity
49(33)
2.1 Concepts and Overview
50(2)
2.1.1 The Nation
50(1)
2.1.2 Nation Building, Race, and Ethnicity
50(1)
2.1.3 Nation Building in Latin America
51(1)
2.2 Before Modern States
52(7)
2.2.1 Race and Ethnicity in the Colonies
52(3)
2.2.2 Miscegenation and Manumission
55(2)
2.2.3 The Abolition of Slavery
57(2)
2.2.4 A Balance Sheet
59(1)
2.3 Elite Vision of the Nation, 1880-1930
59(5)
2.3.1 Mass Migration and Whitening
60(1)
2.3.2 Censuses and the Image of the Nation
61(1)
2.3.3 Education and Military Service
62(2)
2.4 The National-Popular Vision, 1930-1980
64(5)
2.4.1 The People Versus the Elites
65(1)
2.4.2 The Centrality of Anti-imperialism and Class
65(1)
2.4.3 Mestizaje, Indigenismo, and Racial Democracy
66(3)
2.5 A Plural Vision of the Nation, 1980-2010s
69(8)
2.5.1 Indigenous Peoples and the Nation
70(4)
2.5.2 Afro-Descendants and the Nation
74(3)
2.6 Summary
77(5)
Discussion Questions
78(1)
Resources
78(4)
3 Political Regimes and Democracy
82(41)
3.1 Concepts and Overview
83(4)
3.1.1 Political Regimes and Democracy
83(2)
3.1.2 Regimes and Democracy in Latin America
85(2)
3.2 Oligarchic Dominance and Authoritarian Regimes, 1880-1930
87(8)
3.2.1 The Power of the Oligarchy
87(1)
3.2.2 Varieties of Regimes
87(8)
3.3 The Transition to Mass Politics and Regime Instability, 1930-1980
95(17)
3.3.1 Initial Democratic Failures and Successes
95(6)
3.3.2 Populism and Military Coups
101(2)
3.3.3 The Cuban Revolution and Violent Authoritarianism
103(6)
3.3.4 A Balance Sheet
109(3)
3.4 A New Democratic Age, 1980-2010s
112(4)
3.4.1 The Third Wave of Democratization
112(2)
3.4.2 Why Did Latin America Democratize?
114(2)
3.4.3 The Post-Transitional Experience with Democracy
116(1)
3.5 Summary
116(7)
Discussion Questions
117(1)
Resources
118(5)
4 Development Models and Socioeconomic Welfare
123(42)
4.1 Concepts and Overview
124(4)
4.1.1 Socioeconomic Welfare
124(2)
4.1.2 Models of Economic Development
126(2)
4.1.3 Development Models and Welfare in Latin America
128(1)
4.2 The Agro-Export Model, 1880-1930
128(10)
4.2.1 Meeting European and US Demand for Raw Materials
128(1)
4.2.2 Markets with Little Social Policy
128(6)
4.2.3 Moderate But Unequal Progress
134(3)
4.2.4 The Great Depression
137(1)
4.3 The Import-Substitution Industrialization Model, 1930-1980
138(9)
4.3.1 Internal Adjustments and a Homegrown Model
138(1)
4.3.2 State-Led Development with Partial Social Coverage
139(3)
4.3.3 Strong Progress
142(3)
4.3.4 Internal Limits and the Foreign Debt Crisis
145(2)
4.4 The Neoliberal Model, 1980-2010s
147(11)
4.4.1 External Pressure and a Model Elaborated in Washington
147(1)
4.4.2 A Return to Markets and Retrenchment in Social Policy
148(4)
4.4.3 Challenges and Reforms
152(2)
4.4.4 Slow Progress
154(4)
4.5 Summary
158(7)
Discussion Questions
159(1)
Resources
159(6)
Part II Problems of Democracy in a Democratic Age
5 Democracy and the Quality of Democracy: The Never-Ending Quest
165(36)
5.1 Democracy and the Quality of Democracy
166(2)
5.2 The State of Democracy
168(14)
5.2.1 An Overview of Achievements
168(4)
5.2.2 A Catalog of Problems
172(6)
5.2.3 A Synthesis of the Problems
178(4)
5.2.4 Problems of Democracy in a Democratic Age
182(1)
5.3 Explaining Democracy
182(14)
5.3.1 Ideology and the Politics of Neoliberalism
183(6)
5.3.2 The International Context
189(3)
5.3.3 Power and the State
192(4)
5.4 Summary
196(5)
Discussion Questions
197(1)
Resources
198(3)
6 Political Inclusion and Institutional Innovations: Women, Indigenous Peoples, Afro-Descendants, and Ordinary People
201(37)
6.1 Democracy, Political Inclusion, and Inclusive Institutions
202(3)
6.1.1 The Inclusion of Disadvantaged Groups in Decision-Making
202(1)
6.1.2 Institutions as Avenues of Inclusion
203(2)
6.2 Women in Political Office
205(13)
6.2.1 A Story of Considerable Progress
205(5)
6.2.2 An Explanation of Women's Gains
210(8)
6.3 Indigenous Peoples and Afro-Descendants in Political Office
218(9)
6.3.1 Fewer Gains than Those by Women
219(4)
6.3.2 An Explanation of the Failure to Match Women's Gains
223(4)
6.4 Ordinary People Making Government Decisions
227(5)
6.4.1 Participatory Budgeting
227(2)
6.4.2 Prior Consultation and Indigenous Peoples
229(3)
6.5 Summary
232(6)
Discussion Questions
233(1)
Resources
233(5)
7 Political Parties and the Citizen-Politician Link: The Persistent Crisis of Representation
238(35)
7.1 Democracy, Political Parties, and Political Representation
239(3)
7.1.1 Electoral Vehicles and Programmatic Party Organizations
239(1)
7.1.2 Parties and Democracy
240(2)
7.2 The State of Parties and Political Representation
242(10)
7.2.1 The (Partial and Complete) Deconstruction of Party Systems
243(3)
7.2.2 The (Difficult and Unsettled) Reconstruction of Party Systems
246(3)
7.2.3 The Nature of Contemporary Party Systems
249(2)
7.2.4 A Balance Sheet
251(1)
7.3 Explaining Parties and Political Representation
252(13)
7.3.1 Economic Crisis and the Conflict over Neoliberalism
252(3)
7.3.2 Leadership, Activism, Social Movements, and Resources
255(9)
7.3.3 The Weight of a Weak State
264(1)
7.4 Summary
265(8)
Discussion Questions
266(1)
Resources
266(7)
Part III Civil Rights as a Problem for Democracy
8 The Protection of Civil Rights: A Pending Task for Democracies
273(37)
8.1 The Concept of Civil Rights
274(4)
8.1.1 Agreements about the Meaning of Civil Rights
275(1)
8.1.2 Debates about the Meaning of Civil Rights
276(1)
8.1.3 A Working Definition of Civil Rights
276(2)
8.2 The State and the Significance of Civil Rights
278(20)
8.2.1 Equality before the Law, the Right to Life, and Due Process Rights
279(4)
8.2.2 Liberty Rights and Freedom from Discrimination
283(11)
8.2.3 A Balance Sheet
294(4)
8.3 Explaining Achievements and Problems of Civil Rights
298(5)
8.3.1 The Promise and Limits of Democracy
298(2)
8.3.2 Social Mobilization and International Networks
300(1)
8.3.3 The Judiciary
301(1)
8.3.4 The State's Public Administration and Security Forces
302(1)
8.4 Summary
303(7)
Discussion Questions
304(1)
Resources
304(6)
9 Transitional Justice: Responses to Past Human Rights Violations
310(40)
9.1 What Is Transitional Justice?
311(3)
9.1.1 The Aims of Transitional Justice
311(2)
9.1.2 A Debate about Truth and Justice
313(1)
9.1.3 Our Approach to Transitional Justice
314(1)
9.2 Describing the State of Transitional Justice
314(17)
9.2.1 Two Scenarios Where Transitional Justice Is Relevant
314(3)
9.2.2 Truth and Truth Commissions
317(7)
9.2.3 Justice, Trials, and Amnesties
324(6)
9.2.4 The False Choice between Truth and Justice
330(1)
9.3 Explaining Transitional Justice: Case Studies
331(8)
9.3.1 Brazil and Mexico: Justice Denied
332(1)
9.3.2 El Salvador and Guatemala: Partial Justice
333(2)
9.3.3 Chile and Argentina: Justice Prevails
335(4)
9.4 Explaining Transitional Justice: General Reflections
339(5)
9.4.1 Democracy and Transitional Justice
339(2)
9.4.2 Civil Society and International Networks
341(2)
9.4.3 The Judiciary and International Law
343(1)
9.5 Summary
344(6)
Discussion Questions
345(1)
Resources
346(4)
10 High-Level Corruption: Public Officials against the Public Interest
350(36)
10.1 High-Level Corruption as a Civil Rights Issue
351(2)
10.1.1 High-Level Corruption
351(1)
10.1.2 The Civil Rights at Stake
352(1)
10.2 Describing the State of High-Level Corruption
353(11)
10.2.1 Political and Administrative Corruption
353(7)
10.2.2 The Judicial Response to Corruption
360(3)
10.2.3 Corruption as a Systemic Problem for Democracy
363(1)
10.3 Explaining High-Level Corruption: Case Studies
364(12)
10.3.1 Brazil: Judicial Action against Politicians and Business Elites
365(5)
10.3.2 Mexico: Passivity in the Face of State-Organized Crime Collusion
370(3)
10.3.3 Guatemala: International Assistance against Elites
373(3)
10.4 Explaining High-Level Corruption: General Reflections
376(5)
10.4.1 Democracy and Corruption
376(1)
10.4.2 The State's Public Administration
377(1)
10.4.3 The Judiciary
378(1)
10.4.4 Civil Society and the International Community
379(2)
10.5 Summary
381(5)
Discussion Questions
382(1)
Resources
383(3)
11 The New Violence: Homicides, Drugs, and the State
386(45)
11.1 Violence and the Right to Life
387(1)
11.2 Describing the State of the New Violence
387(9)
11.2.1 The Scope and Scale of Homicides
388(1)
11.2.2 Who Gets Killed?
389(1)
11.2.3 Who Are the Killers?
390(4)
11.2.4 Violence as a Systemic Problem for Democracy
394(2)
11.3 Explaining the New Violence: Case Studies
396(17)
11.3.1 Mexico: Drug Cartels, Politicians, and Security Forces
398(10)
11.3.2 The Northern Triangle: Gangs, Cartels, and Public Officials
408(5)
11.4 Explaining the New Violence: General Reflections
413(9)
11.4.1 The Global Drug Trade
414(2)
11.4.2 The Absent State and the Present State
416(3)
11.4.3 Democracy and State Building
419(3)
11.5 Summary
422(9)
Discussion Questions
422(1)
Resources
423(8)
Part IV Social Rights as a Problem for Democracy
12 Social Rights in Law and Reality: The Dilemmas of Democracy in Unequal Societies
431(33)
12.1 The Concept of Social Rights
432(6)
12.1.1 Debates about the Notion of Social Rights
432(4)
12.1.2 A Working Definition of Social Rights
436(2)
12.2 The State and Significance of Social Rights
438(16)
12.2.1 Aspirational and Justiciable Rights
438(1)
12.2.2 A First Approximation
439(8)
12.2.3 Bringing Disparities into the Equation
447(4)
12.2.4 A Balance Sheet
451(3)
12.3 Explaining Achievements and Problems of Social Rights
454(5)
12.3.1 Democracy and Ideology
454(3)
12.3.2 Social Mobilization and Participatory Institutions
457(2)
12.3.3 State Capacity
459(1)
12.4 Summary
459(5)
Discussion Questions
460(1)
Resources
461(3)
13 Sustainable Development and Neoextractivism: Growth, the Environment, and Social Action
464(25)
13.1 Neoextractivism, Socioeconomic Welfare, and Sustainable Development
465(2)
13.1.1 Models of Development and Neoextractivism
465(1)
13.1.2 Assessing Neoextractivism
466(1)
13.2 Neoextractivism and Its Impact
467(5)
13.2.1 The Scope and Scale of Extractive Activities
467(3)
13.2.2 The Pros and Cons of Neoextractivism
470(1)
13.2.3 Neoextractivism as a Problem of Social Rights
471(1)
13.3 Explaining the Contestation of Neoextractivism: Case Studies
472(9)
13.3.1 Failed Contestation: Peru and Ecuador
472(6)
13.3.2 Successful Contestation: Bolivia
478(3)
13.4 Explaining the Contestation of Neoextractivism: General Reflections
481(3)
13.4.1 Democracy and Participatory Institutions
481(1)
13.4.2 Ideology and Presidential Leadership
482(1)
13.4.3 Local Mobilizational Capacity
483(1)
13.4.4 State Capacity
484(1)
13.5 Summary
484(5)
Discussion Questions
485(1)
Resources
486(3)
14 Basic Social Inclusion and Social Policy: CCTs as a Poverty Reduction Policy
489(28)
14.1 What Is Basic Social Inclusion?
490(1)
14.2 Describing the State of Social Inclusion
491(11)
14.2.1 Three Obstacles Related to Old Social Policies
491(7)
14.2.2 New Social Policies and Social Inclusion
498(4)
14.3 Explaining Social Inclusion: Case Studies and Comparative Analyses
502(8)
14.3.1 Mexico and Brazil as Leading Cases
502(4)
14.3.2 The Diffusion of CCTs
506(2)
14.3.3 The Evolving Assessment of CCTs
508(2)
14.4 Explaining Social Inclusion: General Reflections
510(4)
14.4.1 Democracy
510(1)
14.4.2 Political Ideology
511(1)
14.4.3 International Diffusion
512(1)
14.4.4 State Capacity
513(1)
14.5 Summary
514(3)
Discussion Questions
515(1)
Resources
515(2)
15 Unequal Democracies: The Paradox of Political Equality and Social Inequality
517(30)
15.1 Inequality as a Problem of Social Rights
518(7)
15.1.1 Brazil's Rolezinhos
518(2)
15.1.2 Chile's Territorialization of Inequality
520(5)
15.2 The State of Income Inequality
525(5)
15.2.1 Inequality over Time
525(2)
15.2.2 Inequality Unpacked
527(3)
15.2.3 A Balance Sheet
530(1)
15.3 Explaining Income Inequality
530(8)
15.3.1 The Promise of Democracy
531(1)
15.3.2 The Limits of Democracy
532(6)
15.4 The Vulnerability of Unequal Democracies
538(3)
15.4.1 Legitimacy Crises and Social Protests
538(1)
15.4.2 Chile as a Warning Sign against Complacency
539(2)
15.5 Summary
541(6)
Discussion Questions
542(1)
Resources
543(4)
Conclusion
16 Latin America in Perspective: Lessons and Prospects
547(5)
16.1 The Historical Overview
547(1)
16.2 The Contemporary Period
548(3)
16.2.1 Progress on Easy Problems, Failure on Hard Problems
548(2)
16.2.2 The Interaction between Problems of and for Democracy
550(1)
16.3 A New Horizon
551(1)
Appendix: A Timeline of Latin America 552(4)
Glossary 556(14)
References 570(35)
Index 605
Gerardo L. Munck grew up in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and is Professor of Political Science and International Relations at the University of Southern California. His books include Critical Junctures and Historical Legacies (with David Collier; 2022); A Middle-Quality Institutional Trap: Democracy and State Capacity in Latin America (with Sebastiįn Mazzuca; 2020); and Measuring Democracy: A Bridge Between Scholarship and Politics (2009). He worked on Democracy in Latin America (2004), a United Nations Development Programme report. His awards include the Frank Cass Prize for Best Overall Article in Democratization in 2016, and the Award for Conceptual Innovation in Democratic Studies in 2003. Juan Pablo Luna grew up in Montevideo, Uruguay, and is Professor of Political Science at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, and Associate Researcher with the Millennium Institute for Foundational Research on Data. His books include Latin American Party Systems (with Kitschelt, Hawkins, Rosas, and Zechmeister; Cambridge, 2010); Segmented Representation, Political Party Strategies in Unequal Democracies (Oxford, 2014); The Resilience of the Latin American Right (with Rovira-Kaltwasser; Johns Hopkins, 2014); En vez del optimismo. Crisis de representación polķtica en el Chile actual (Catalonia, 2017); and Political Parties and Diminished Subtypes (with Rosenblatt, Pińeiro, and Vommaro; Cambridge, 2021).