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E-grāmata: Mechanics of Biomaterials: Fundamental Principles for Implant Design

(University of California, Berkeley),
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"Teaching mechanical and structural biomaterials concepts for successful medical implant design, this self-contained text provides a complete grounding for students and newcomers to the field. Split into three sections: Materials, Mechanics and Case Studies, it begins with a review of sterilization, biocompatibility and foreign body response before presenting the fundamental structures of synthetic biomaterials and natural tissues. Mechanical behavior of materials is then discussed in depth, covering elastic deformation, viscoelasticity and time-dependent behavior, multiaxial loading and complex stress states, yielding and failure theories, and fracture mechanics. The final section on clinical aspects of medical devices provides crucial information on FDA regulatory issues and presents case studies in four key clinical areas: orthopedics, cardiovascular devices, dentistry and soft tissue implants. Each chapter ends with a list of topical questions, making this an ideal course textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students, and also a self-study tool for engineers, scientists and clinicians"--

Recenzijas

'Mechanics of Biomaterials is the textbook I have been waiting for. This comprehensive work synthesizes the science and engineering of biomaterials that has developed over the past three decades into a highly useful textbook for training students as I reviewed this work it felt like I was reviewing my own lecture notes developed over 20 years. [ It] combines materials science, mechanics and medical device design and analysis in a seamless and thorough manner incorporating many critical studies from the literature into a clear and comprehensive work Pruitt and Chakravartula have succeeded in developing an outstanding text and reference book that should be required reading for all who aspire to design, develop and evaluate medical devices.' Jeremy L. Gilbert, Syracuse University ' a detailed yet easy-to-read book that can be used by materials scientists and biomedical engineers, from both the budding biomedical engineering student to the seasoned medical device designer. It combines the fundamentals of plastics, metals, and ceramics behavior with the required properties for the often challenging loading and environmental conditions found in the body. I particularly liked Pruitt and Chakravartula's technique of introducing a detailed discussion of the theoretical explanation of a particular material class's response to a loading environment, and then providing a real-life case study demonstrating how the theoretical response translates to clinical performance The book is rich in practical examples of biomaterials used in permanent implants currently on the market. Sufficient historical information is provided on implant successes and failures to appreciate the challenges for material and design selection in the areas of both hard and soft tissue replacement.' Stephen Spiegelberg, Cambridge Polymer Group, Inc. 'Mechanics of Biomaterials: Fundamental Principles for Implant Design provides a much needed comprehensive resource for engineers, physicians, and implant designers at every level of training and practice. The book includes a historical background which outlines the engineering basis of traditional implant designs, and interactions of materials, biology, and mechanics resulting in clinical success or failure of these devices. Each chapter contains a detailed description of the engineering principles which are critical to understand the mechanical behavior of biomaterials and implants in vivo. The scope of the text covers orthopaedics, cardiovascular devices, dental, and soft tissue implants, and should help considerably in our efforts to improve the function and durability of biomaterials and implants used in clinical practice.' Michael Ries, University of California, San Francisco

Papildus informācija

Combining materials science, mechanics, implant design and clinical applications, this self-contained text provides a complete grounding to the field.
Symbols xi
Prologue xiv
Part I Materials
1(164)
1 Biocompatibility, sterilization, and materials selection for implant design
3(23)
1.1 Historical perspective and overview
3(1)
1.2 Learning objectives
4(1)
1.3 Successful device performance and implant design
4(3)
1.4 Biocompatibility
7(1)
1.5 Sterility
8(1)
1.6 Regulatory issues
9(1)
1.7 Structural requirements
10(3)
1.8 Classifying biomaterials
13(3)
1.9 Structure-property relationships
16(1)
1.10 Attributes and limitations of synthetic biomaterials
17(3)
1.11 Case study: deterioration of orthopedic-grade UHMWPE due to ionizing radiation
20(2)
1.12 Summary
22(1)
1.13 Problems for consideration
23(1)
1.14 References
23(3)
2 Metals for medical implants
26(44)
2.1 Historical perspective and overview
26(1)
2.2 Learning objectives
27(1)
2.3 Bonding and crystal structure
28(4)
2.4 Interstitial sites
32(2)
2.5 Crystallographic planes and directions
34(2)
2.6 Theoretical shear strength
36(2)
2.7 Imperfections in metals and alloys
38(4)
2.8 Metal processing
42(11)
2.9 Corrosion processes
53(7)
2.10 Metals in medical implants
60(4)
2.11 Case study: corrosion in modular orthopedic implants
64(3)
2.12 Summary
67(1)
2.13 Problems for consideration
67(1)
2.14 References
68(2)
3 Ceramics
70(22)
3.1 Historical perspective and overview
70(1)
3.2 Learning objectives
71(1)
3.3 Bonding and crystal structure
71(4)
3.4 Mechanical behavior of ceramics
75(7)
3.5 Processing of ceramics
82(3)
3.6 Ceramics in medical implants
85(2)
3.7 Case study: the use of coral as a bone substitute
87(2)
3.8 Summary
89(1)
3.9 Problems for consideration
89(1)
3.10 References
90(2)
4 Polymers
92(37)
4.1 Historical perspective and overview
92(2)
4.2 Learning objectives
94(1)
4.3 Bonding and crystal structure
95(11)
4.4 Molecular weight distribution in polymers
106(3)
4.5 Mechanical behavior of polymers
109(3)
4.6 Polymer processing
112(1)
4.7 Polymers in medical implants
113(11)
4.8 Case study: resorbable sutures and suture anchors
124(1)
4.9 Summary
125(1)
4.10 Problems for consideration
126(1)
4.11 References
127(2)
5 Mechanical behavior of structural tissues
129(36)
5.1 Historical perspective and overview
129(2)
5.2 Learning objectives
131(1)
5.3 Building blocks of tissues
131(5)
5.4 Load-bearing tissues
136(20)
5.5 Case study: creating a scaffold for tissue engineering
156(2)
5.6 Summary
158(1)
5.7 Problems for consideration
158(1)
5.8 References
159(4)
5.9 Bibliography
163(2)
Part II Mechanics
165(230)
6 Elasticity
167(41)
6.1 Overview
167(2)
6.2 Learning objectives
169(1)
6.3 Stress and strain
169(24)
6.4 Bending stresses and beam theory
193(7)
6.5 Composites
200(3)
6.6 Case study: modifying material and cross-section to reduce bone absorption
203(2)
6.7 Summary
205(1)
6.8 Problems for consideration
206(1)
6.9 References
207(1)
6.10 Bibliography
207(1)
7 Viscoelasticity
208(33)
7.1 Overview
208(1)
7.2 Learning objectives
209(1)
7.3 Introduction to viscoelasticity
209(5)
7.4 Linear viscoelastic networks
214(13)
7.5 Frequency domain analysis
227(6)
7.6 Time-temperature equivalence
233(2)
7.7 Nonlinear viscoelasticity
235(2)
7.8 Case study: creep behavior of UHMWPE used in total joint replacements
237(1)
7.9 Summary
238(1)
7.10 Problems for consideration
238(1)
7.11 References
239(2)
8 Failure theories
241(42)
8.1 Overview
241(3)
8.2 Learning objectives
244(1)
8.3 Yield surfaces
244(1)
8.4 Maximum shear stress (Tresca yield criterion)
245(4)
8.5 Maximum distortional energy (von Mises yield criterion)
249(6)
8.6 Predicting yield in multiaxial loading conditions
255(6)
8.7 Modified yield criteria
261(4)
8.8 Maximum normal stress failure theory
265(1)
8.9 Notches and stress concentrations
266(3)
8.10 Failure mechanisms in structural biomaterials
269(7)
8.11 Case study: stress distribution in a total joint replacement
276(3)
8.12 Summary
279(1)
8.13 Problems for consideration
280(1)
8.14 References
281(2)
9 Fracture mechanics
283(46)
9.1 Overview
283(1)
9.2 Learning objectives
284(1)
9.3 Linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM)
285(14)
9.4 Modified methods in LEFM
299(4)
9.5 Elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM)
303(15)
9.6 Time-dependent fracture mechanics (TDFM)
318(2)
9.7 Intrinsic and extrinsic fracture processes
320(2)
9.8 Fracture mechanisms in structural materials
322(2)
9.9 Case study: fracture of highly crosslinked acetabular liners
324(1)
9.10 Summary
325(1)
9.11 Problems for consideration
326(1)
9.12 References
327(2)
10 Fatigue
329(40)
10.1 Overview
329(2)
10.2 Learning objectives
331(1)
10.3 Fatigue terminology
331(3)
10.4 Total life philosophy
334(9)
10.5 Strain-based loading
343(3)
10.6 Marin factors
346(2)
10.7 Defect-tolerant philosophy
348(14)
10.8 Case study: fatigue fractures in trapezoidal hip stems
362(2)
10.9 Summary
364(1)
10.10 Problems for consideration
364(2)
10.11 References
366(3)
11 Friction, lubrication, and wear
369(26)
11.1 Overview
369(1)
11.2 Learning objectives
370(1)
11.3 Bulk and surface properties
371(2)
11.4 Friction
373(2)
11.5 Surface contact mechanics
375(2)
11.6 Lubrication
377(4)
11.7 Wear
381(5)
11.8 Surface contact in biomaterials
386(1)
11.9 Friction and wear test methods
387(2)
11.10 Design factors
389(1)
11.11 Case study: the use of composites in total joint replacements
390(1)
11.12 Summary
391(1)
11.13 Problems for consideration
391(1)
11.14 References
391(4)
Part III Case studies
395(200)
12 Regulatory affairs and testing
397(19)
12.1 Historical perspective and overview
397(1)
12.2 Learning objectives
398(1)
12.3 FDA legislative history
398(3)
12.4 Medical device definitions and classifications
401(3)
12.5 CDRH organization
404(4)
12.6 Anatomy of a testing standard
408(1)
12.7 Development of testing standards
409(1)
12.8 International regulatory bodies
410(1)
12.9 Case study: examining a 510(k) approval
411(2)
12.10 Summary
413(1)
12.11 Problems for consideration
413(1)
12.12 References
414(2)
13 Orthopedics
416(61)
13.1 Historical perspective and overview
416(5)
13.2 Learning objectives
421(1)
13.3 Total joint replacements
421(1)
13.4 Total hip arthroplasty
422(13)
13.5 Total knee arthroplasty
435(11)
13.6 Fracture fixation
446(7)
13.7 Spinal implants
453(9)
13.8 Engineering challenges and design constraints of orthopedic implants
462(1)
13.9 Case studies
462(8)
13.10 Summary
470(1)
13.11 Looking forward in orthopedic implants
470(1)
13.12 Problems for consideration
470(1)
13.13 References
471(6)
14 Cardiovascular devices
477(28)
14.1 Historical perspective and overview
477(1)
14.2 Learning objectives
478(1)
14.3 Cardiovascular anatomy
479(4)
14.4 Load-bearing devices
483(13)
14.5 Case studies
496(4)
14.6 Looking forward
500(1)
14.7 Summary
500(1)
14.8 Problems for consideration
501(1)
14.9 References
501(4)
15 Oral and maxillofacial devices
505(55)
15.1 Overview
505(2)
15.2 Learning objectives
507(1)
15.3 Oral and maxillofacial anatomy
507(3)
15.4 Dental implants
510(22)
15.5 Temporomandibular joint replacements
532(8)
15.6 Case studies
540(4)
15.7 Looking forward
544(2)
15.8 Summary
546(1)
15.9 Problems for consideration
546(1)
15.10 References
547(13)
16 Soft tissue replacements
560(35)
16.1 Historical perspective and overview
560(3)
16.2 Learning objectives
563(2)
16.3 Sutures
565(5)
16.4 Synthetic ligament
570(5)
16.5 Artificial skin
575(3)
16.6 Ophthalmic implants
578(6)
16.7 Cosmetic implants
584(3)
16.8 Case studies
587(1)
16.9 Looking forward
588(1)
16.10 Summary
589(1)
16.11 Problems for consideration
590(1)
16.12 References
590(5)
Epilogue 595(2)
Appendix A Selected topics from mechanics of materials 597(3)
Appendix B Table of material properties of engineering biomaterials and tissues 600(11)
Appendix C Teaching methodologies in biomaterials 611(9)
Glossary 620(25)
Index 645
Lisa A. Pruitt is the Lawrence Talbot Chair of Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley and also serves as an adjunct professor in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at the University of California, San Francisco. She recently served as the Associate Dean of Lifelong Learning and Outreach Education in the College of Engineering and has received numerous awards including the Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics and Engineering Mentoring (2004) and the Graduate Student Instructor Mentor Award from the University of California, Berkeley (2009). Ayyana M. Chakravartula received her Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley in 2005. She currently works at Exponent, Inc. in Menlo Park, CA, in its Mechanics and Materials practice. She has worked as a research scientist at the Cambridge Polymer Group in Boston, MA, and has served as an adjunct lecturer at Boston University. She has mentored numerous students, interns and research assistants in her graduate and postgraduate career.