Preface |
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xi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xiv | |
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PART I CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROPLASTICS |
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1 | (200) |
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3 | (22) |
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3 | (1) |
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The Plastics Waste Problem |
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4 | (4) |
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Management of Plastic Waste |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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MPs Sorb and Transport Contaminants |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (10) |
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2 Polymer Chemistry and Properties |
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25 | (32) |
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25 | (4) |
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Classification of Polymers |
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29 | (1) |
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Thermoplastics and Thermosets |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (3) |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (2) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (4) |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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Slip and Antiblocking Agents |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (2) |
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Unreacted Monomers and Oligomers |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (6) |
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57 | (36) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (1) |
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Conversion of Macroplastics to Secondary MPs |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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Tire and Road Wear Particles |
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72 | (1) |
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Particulates from Tire Wear |
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72 | (4) |
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Plastics in Road Construction |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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Thermoplastic Road-Marking Paint |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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Hazardous Substances in Road-Marking Products |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (11) |
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4 Distribution of Microplastics in the Biosphere |
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93 | (30) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (12) |
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106 | (1) |
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MPs in Freshwater Ecosystems |
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107 | (2) |
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MPs in Terrestrial Ecosystems |
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109 | (6) |
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115 | (8) |
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5 Interactions of Contaminants with Microplastics |
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123 | (44) |
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123 | (1) |
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Sorption of Heavy Metals to MPs |
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123 | (5) |
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Mechanisms: Factors Affecting Metal Sorption by MPs |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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Extent of Particle Weathering |
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130 | (1) |
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Sorption of Persistent Organic Pollutants to MPs |
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131 | (5) |
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Mechanisms of Hydrocarbon Sorption |
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136 | (1) |
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Sorption of Radionuclides to MPs |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (1) |
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Sorption of Microorganisms to MPs |
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140 | (9) |
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Sorption of Pathogenic Microorganisms |
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149 | (2) |
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Sorption of Drug-Resistant Bacteria |
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151 | (1) |
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Implications: The Vector Capabilities of MPs |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (14) |
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6 Collection, Identification, and Quantification of Microplastics |
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167 | (34) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (5) |
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Sampling Sediment and Soil |
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173 | (2) |
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Collection of Atmospheric Samples |
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175 | (1) |
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Separation of MPs from Environmental Media |
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176 | (1) |
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Flotation/Density Separation |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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Sample Processing: Removal of Residual Organic Matter |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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Analytical Techniques for Polymer Identification |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (4) |
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185 | (2) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (10) |
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PART II SEPARATION OF MICROPLASTICS FROM WATER AND SEDIMENT |
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201 | (74) |
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7 Removal of Microplastics from Wastewater |
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203 | (42) |
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203 | (7) |
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210 | (1) |
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MP Removal during Pretreatment |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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MP Removal in Primary Treatment |
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213 | (2) |
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215 | (1) |
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MP Removal in Secondary Treatment |
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216 | (1) |
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MP Removal in the Activated Sludge Process |
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217 | (4) |
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MP Removal in Biofilm-Related Process |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (2) |
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MP Removal in Tertiary Treatment |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (2) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (7) |
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235 | (10) |
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8 Recovery of Microplastics from Sediment |
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245 | (30) |
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245 | (1) |
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Practical Issues in Particle Separation |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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Technologies for Density Separation |
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248 | (2) |
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Practical Issues with Density Separation |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (2) |
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Relevant Particle Properties |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (3) |
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258 | (2) |
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Design and Operation of the Jigging Vessel |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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Jigs for Plastic-Plastic Separation |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (2) |
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266 | (9) |
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PART III DECOMPOSITION OF MICROPLASTICS |
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275 | (104) |
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9 Chemical Technologies for Microplastic Destruction |
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277 | (28) |
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277 | (1) |
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Advanced Oxidation Processes |
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278 | (2) |
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280 | (2) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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The Fenton Reaction and Fenton-Related AOPs |
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285 | (3) |
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288 | (2) |
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290 | (1) |
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Homogeneous Photoelectro-Fenton Process |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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292 | (3) |
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295 | (10) |
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10 Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Oxidation |
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305 | (26) |
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305 | (1) |
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Photocatalysis on Microplastics---Mechanisms |
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305 | (3) |
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Photocatalysis on Microplastics---Applications |
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308 | (7) |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (2) |
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318 | (3) |
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321 | (3) |
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324 | (7) |
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11 Decomposition by Microorganisms |
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331 | (42) |
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331 | (1) |
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332 | (1) |
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Bacterial-Directed MP Degradation |
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333 | (7) |
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New Functional Groups and Intermediates |
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340 | (2) |
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342 | (1) |
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Fungal-Mediated MP/Plastic Degradation |
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343 | (10) |
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353 | (1) |
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Factors Affecting Microbial-Mediated Degradation of MPs/Plastics |
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354 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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355 | (1) |
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355 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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356 | (2) |
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358 | (1) |
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The Significance of Biofilms |
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359 | (1) |
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MPs Degradation Using Bioreactor Technology |
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360 | (1) |
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Pretreatment of the MP Feedstock |
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361 | (1) |
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362 | (1) |
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Continuous Stirred Tank Bioreactor |
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362 | (2) |
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364 | (1) |
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Other Innovative Biological Technologies |
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364 | (1) |
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365 | (8) |
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373 | (6) |
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Acronyms Used in This Book |
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377 | (2) |
Glossary of Terms |
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379 | (12) |
Index |
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391 | (10) |
About the Authors |
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401 | |