| Introduction to the second edition |
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xi | |
| Acknowledgements |
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xiii | |
| About the companion website |
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xv | |
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Chapter 1 The basic principles of photosynthetic energy storage |
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1 | (10) |
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1.1 What is photosynthesis? |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Photosynthesis is a solar energy storage process |
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2 | (2) |
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1.3 Where photosynthesis takes place |
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4 | (1) |
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1.4 The four phases of energy storage in photosynthesis |
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5 | (6) |
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9 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 Photosynthetic organisms and organelles |
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11 | (16) |
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11 | (1) |
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2.2 Classification of life |
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12 | (2) |
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2.3 Prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
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14 | (1) |
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2.4 Metabolic patterns among living things |
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15 | (1) |
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2.5 Phototrophic prokaryotes |
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15 | (6) |
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2.6 Photosynthetic eukaryotes |
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21 | (6) |
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24 | (3) |
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Chapter 3 History and early development of photosynthesis |
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27 | (14) |
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3.1 Van Helmont and the willow tree |
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27 | (1) |
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3.2 Carl Scheele, Joseph Priestley, and the discovery of oxygen |
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27 | (1) |
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3.3 Ingenhousz and the role of light in photosynthesis |
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28 | (1) |
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3.4 Senebier and the role of carbon dioxide |
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29 | (1) |
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3.5 De Saussure and the participation of water |
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29 | (1) |
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3.6 The equation of photosynthesis |
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29 | (1) |
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3.7 Early mechanistic ideas of photosynthesis |
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30 | (2) |
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3.8 The Emerson and Arnold experiments |
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32 | (2) |
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3.9 The controversy over the quantum requirement of photosynthesis |
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34 | (1) |
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3.10 The red drop and the Emerson enhancement effect |
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35 | (1) |
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3.11 Antagonistic effects |
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36 | (1) |
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3.12 Early formulations of the Z scheme for photosynthesis |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (3) |
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38 | (3) |
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Chapter 4 Photosynthetic pigments: structure and spectroscopy |
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41 | (18) |
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4.1 Chemical structures and distribution of chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls |
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41 | (6) |
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4.2 Pheophytins and bacteriopheophytins |
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47 | (1) |
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4.3 Chlorophyll biosynthesis |
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47 | (3) |
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4.4 Spectroscopic properties of chlorophylls |
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50 | (4) |
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54 | (3) |
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57 | (2) |
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58 | (1) |
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Chapter 5 Antenna complexes and energy transfer processes |
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59 | (30) |
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5.1 General concepts of antennas and a bit of history |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (1) |
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5.4 Physical principles of antenna function |
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63 | (8) |
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5.5 Structure and function of selected antenna complexes |
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71 | (11) |
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5.6 Regulation of antennas |
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82 | (7) |
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84 | (5) |
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Chapter 6 Reaction centers and electron transport pathways in anoxygenic phototrophs |
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89 | (22) |
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6.1 Basic principles of reaction center structure and function |
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90 | (1) |
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6.2 Development of the reaction center concept |
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90 | (1) |
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6.3 Purple bacterial reaction centers |
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91 | (5) |
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6.4 Theoretical analysis of biological electron transfer reactions |
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96 | (2) |
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6.5 Quinone reductions, role of the Fe and pathways of proton uptake |
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98 | (3) |
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6.6 Organization of electron transfer pathways |
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101 | (2) |
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6.7 Completing the cycle -- the cytochrome bc1 complex |
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103 | (4) |
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6.8 Membrane organization in purple bacteria |
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107 | (1) |
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6.9 Electron transport in other anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria |
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108 | (3) |
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109 | (2) |
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Chapter 7 Reaction centers and electron transfer pathways in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms |
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111 | (22) |
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7.1 Spatial distribution of electron transport components in thylakoids of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms |
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111 | (2) |
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7.2 Noncyclic electron flow in oxygenic organisms |
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113 | (1) |
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7.3 Photosystem II structure and electron transfer pathway |
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113 | (1) |
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7.4 Photosystem II forms a dimeric supercomplex in the thylakoid membrane |
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114 | (2) |
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7.5 The oxygen-evolving complex and the mechanism of water oxidation by Photosystem II |
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116 | (4) |
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7.6 The structure and function of the cytochrome b6f complex |
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120 | (2) |
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7.7 Plastocyanin donates electrons to Photosystem I |
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122 | (1) |
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7.8 Photosystem I structure and electron transfer pathway |
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123 | (3) |
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7.9 Ferredoxin and ferredoxin-NADP reductase complete the noncyclic electron transport chain |
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126 | (7) |
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129 | (4) |
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Chapter 8 Chemiosmotic coupling and ATP synthesis |
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133 | (14) |
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8.1 Chemical aspects of ATP and the phosphoanhydride bonds |
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133 | (2) |
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8.2 Historical perspective on ATP synthesis |
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135 | (2) |
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8.3 Quantitative formulation of proton motive force |
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137 | (1) |
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8.4 Nomenclature and cellular location of ATP synthase |
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138 | (1) |
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8.5 Structure of ATP synthase |
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138 | (3) |
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8.6 The mechanism of chemiosmotic coupling |
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141 | (6) |
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143 | (4) |
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Chapter 9 Carbon metabolism |
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147 | (30) |
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9.1 The Calvin--Benson cycle is the primary photosynthetic carbon fixation pathway |
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147 | (13) |
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9.2 Photorespiration is a wasteful competitive process to carboxylation |
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160 | (3) |
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9.3 The C4 carbon cycle minimizes photorespiration |
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163 | (3) |
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9.4 Crassulacean acid metabolism avoids water loss in plants |
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166 | (2) |
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9.5 Algae and cyanobacteria actively concentrate CO2 |
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168 | (1) |
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9.6 Sucrose and starch synthesis |
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169 | (4) |
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9.7 Other carbon fixation pathways in anoxygenic phototrophs |
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173 | (4) |
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173 | (4) |
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Chapter 10 Genetics, assembly, and regulation of photosynthetic systems |
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177 | (16) |
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10.1 Gene organization in anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria |
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177 | (2) |
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10.2 Gene expression and regulation of purple photosynthetic bacteria |
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179 | (1) |
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10.3 Gene organization in cyanobacteria |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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10.5 Pathways and mechanisms of protein import and targeting in chloroplasts |
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182 | (4) |
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10.6 Gene regulation and the assembly of photosynthetic complexes in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts |
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186 | (2) |
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10.7 The regulation of oligomeric protein stoichiometry |
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188 | (5) |
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189 | (4) |
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Chapter 11 The use of chlorophyll fluorescence to probe photosynthesis |
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193 | (6) |
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11.1 The time course of chlorophyll fluorescence |
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194 | (1) |
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11.2 The use of fluorescence to determine the quantum yield of Photosystem II |
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195 | (1) |
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11.3 Fluorescence detection of nonphotochemical quenching |
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196 | (1) |
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11.4 The physical basis of variable fluorescence |
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197 | (2) |
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197 | (2) |
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Chapter 12 Origin and evolution of photosynthesis |
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199 | (38) |
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199 | (1) |
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12.2 Early history of the Earth |
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199 | (1) |
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12.3 Origin and early evolution of life |
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200 | (2) |
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12.4 Geological evidence for life and photosynthesis |
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202 | (4) |
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12.5 The nature of the earliest photosynthetic systems |
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206 | (1) |
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12.6 The origin and evolution of metabolic pathways with special reference to chlorophyll biosynthesis |
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207 | (5) |
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12.7 Evolutionary relationships among reaction centers and other electron transport components |
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212 | (2) |
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12.8 Do all photosynthetic reaction centers derive from a common ancestor? |
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214 | (1) |
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12.9 The origin of linked photosystems and oxygen evolution |
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215 | (3) |
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12.10 Origin of the oxygen-evolving complex and the transition to oxygenic photosynthesis |
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218 | (3) |
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12.11 Antenna systems have multiple evolutionary origins |
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221 | (2) |
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12.12 Endosymbiosis and the origin of chloroplasts |
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223 | (3) |
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12.13 Most types of algae are the result of secondary endosymbiosis |
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226 | (1) |
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12.14 Following endosymbiosis, many genes were transferred to the nucleus, and proteins were reimported to the chloroplast |
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226 | (3) |
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12.15 Evolution of carbon metabolism pathways |
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229 | (8) |
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230 | (7) |
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Chapter 13 Bioenergy applications and artificial photosynthesis |
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237 | (12) |
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237 | (1) |
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13.2 Solar energy conversion |
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237 | (2) |
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13.3 What is the efficiency of natural photosynthesis? |
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239 | (2) |
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13.4 Calculation of the energy storage efficiency of oxygenic photosynthesis |
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241 | (1) |
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13.5 Why is the efficiency of photosynthesis so low? |
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241 | (1) |
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13.6 How might the efficiency of photosynthesis be improved? |
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242 | (1) |
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13.7 Artificial photosynthesis |
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243 | (6) |
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247 | (2) |
| Appendix: Light, energy, and kinetics |
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249 | (38) |
| Index |
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287 | |
