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1 Nanorobotics and Nanodiagnostics in Integrative Biology and Biomedicine: A Note from the Editors |
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1 | (14) |
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1 | (4) |
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1.2 Historical Background |
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5 | (3) |
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8 | (2) |
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10 | (5) |
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10 | (5) |
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2 Nanorobots for Drug Delivery, Surgery, and Biosensing |
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15 | (20) |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (4) |
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21 | (6) |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (8) |
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28 | (7) |
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3 Biomolecule-Based Nanorobot for Targeted Delivery of Therapeutics |
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35 | (18) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (2) |
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3.3 CAD Systems for Bio-nanorobotics Simulation |
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38 | (1) |
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3.4 Biomolecule-Loaded Therapeutic Delivery |
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39 | (6) |
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39 | (2) |
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3.4.2 Biologies and Genes |
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41 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Living Cell-Based Therapies |
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42 | (3) |
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45 | (3) |
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45 | (3) |
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3.6 Challenges and Prospects |
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48 | (5) |
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48 | (5) |
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4 Printable Nanorobots and Microswimmers for Therapeutic Advancement: Present Status and Future Opportunities |
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53 | (26) |
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53 | (1) |
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4.2 Overview of 3D Printing Techniques for Nanorobot Fabrication |
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54 | (6) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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4.2.4 Extrusion and Direct-Ink-Writing Printing |
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57 | (1) |
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4.2.5 Direct Laser Writing Printing |
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58 | (2) |
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4.3 Materials for 3D Printing of Micro-/Nanomotors |
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60 | (1) |
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4.4 Shape Reconfiguration for Tunable Multifunctionality |
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61 | (2) |
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4.5 Types of Nanomotors and Their Function |
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63 | (3) |
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4.5.1 Helical Micro-/Nanoswimmers |
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63 | (1) |
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4.5.2 Tubular Micro-/Nanoswimmers |
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64 | (2) |
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4.5.3 Micro-/Nanomotors with Mixed Functions |
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66 | (1) |
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4.6 Propulsion Mechanism of Nanomotors |
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66 | (3) |
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4.6.1 Chemical and Biological Propulsion |
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66 | (1) |
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4.6.2 Magnetic Propulsion |
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67 | (2) |
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4.6.3 Ultrasonic Propulsion |
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69 | (1) |
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4.7 Therapeutic Applications |
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69 | (1) |
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4.8 Key Challenges and Future Outlook |
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70 | (3) |
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73 | (6) |
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74 | (5) |
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5 Fundamental in Polymer-/Nanohybrid-Based Nanorobotics for Theranostics |
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79 | (30) |
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79 | (3) |
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82 | (8) |
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83 | (4) |
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5.2.2 Synthetic Biopolymer |
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87 | (3) |
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5.3 Fabrication of Theranostic Nanorobots |
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90 | (7) |
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5.3.1 Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Theranostics |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (2) |
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96 | (1) |
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5.4 Bioconjugation Process |
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97 | (1) |
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5.5 Application in Theranostics |
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98 | (3) |
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5.5.1 Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy |
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98 | (2) |
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5.5.2 Bacterial Infections and Wound Healing |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (8) |
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101 | (8) |
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6 Magneto-Responsive Nanohybrids for Bioimaging |
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109 | (30) |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (13) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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6.2.4 Organic Molecule-Coated NHs |
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114 | (7) |
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6.2.5 Virus Nanoparticles (VNPs) |
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121 | (3) |
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6.3 Characterizations of Nanohybrids |
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124 | (10) |
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124 | (4) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (1) |
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6.3.5 Magnetic Properties of Nanohybrids |
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131 | (3) |
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134 | (5) |
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135 | (4) |
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7 Photothermal Nanomaterials for Wound Monitoring and Cancer Biomedicine |
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139 | (32) |
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139 | (3) |
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7.2 Photothermal Nanomaterials: Application for Wound Healing and Monitoring |
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142 | (12) |
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7.2.1 Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy for Wound Healing |
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143 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Photothermal Nanomaterials for Skin Wound Healing |
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144 | (5) |
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7.2.3 Photothermal Nanomaterials for Bone and Cartilage Defects |
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149 | (5) |
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7.3 Photothermal Nanomaterials: Applications for Cancer Biomedicine |
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154 | (7) |
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1.3.1 Photothermal Therapy Using Metal Nanomaterials |
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154 | (2) |
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7.3.2 Photothermal Therapy Using Semiconductor Nanomaterials |
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156 | (2) |
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7.3.3 Photothermal Therapy Using Carbon-Based Nanomaterials |
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158 | (1) |
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7.3.4 Photothermal Therapy Using Conducting Polymers |
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159 | (2) |
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7.4 Limitations and Future Prospect |
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161 | (2) |
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163 | (8) |
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163 | (8) |
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8 Polymer Nanohybrid-Based Smart Platforms for Controlled Delivery and Wound Management |
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171 | (30) |
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171 | (2) |
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8.2 Classification of the Polymers |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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8.3 Kinds of Nanomaterials |
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174 | (5) |
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8.3.1 0D and 1D Nanomaterials |
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174 | (4) |
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8.3.2 2D and 3D Nanomaterials |
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178 | (1) |
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8.4 Application of Polymer Nanohybrid-Based Smart Platforms |
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179 | (13) |
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8.4.1 Delivery of Active Molecules |
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179 | (6) |
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185 | (7) |
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192 | (9) |
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194 | (7) |
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9 Development of Efficient Strategies for Physical Stimuli-Responsive Programmable Nanotherapeutics |
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201 | (28) |
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201 | (2) |
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9.2 Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials |
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203 | (18) |
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9.2.1 Temperature-Responsive Nanomaterial |
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203 | (9) |
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9.2.2 Ultrasound-Responsive Materials |
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212 | (4) |
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9.2.3 Magnetic Field-Responsive Nanomaterials |
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216 | (5) |
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9.3 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives |
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221 | (8) |
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222 | (7) |
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10 The Flexible and Wearable Pressure Sensing Microsystems for Medical Diagnostics |
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229 | (34) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (5) |
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10.2.1 Substrate Materials |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (2) |
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10.3 Fundamentals of Pressure Sensors |
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235 | (6) |
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10.3.1 Sensing Mechanisms |
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235 | (3) |
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10.3.2 Key Parameters of Pressure Sensor |
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238 | (3) |
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10.4 Applications for Flexible Pressure Sensors |
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241 | (12) |
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10.4.1 Detecting Heart Rate or Pulse |
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243 | (2) |
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10.4.2 Detecting Pressure In Vivo |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (2) |
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10.4.4 Recognition of Sound Signal |
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248 | (2) |
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250 | (2) |
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10.4.6 Tactile Perception |
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252 | (1) |
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10.5 Conclusions and Perspectives |
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253 | (10) |
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255 | (8) |
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11 Microfluidics and Lab-on-a-Chip for Biomedical Applications |
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263 | (22) |
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263 | (4) |
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11.2 Fabrication of Microfluidic System |
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267 | (1) |
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11.3 Significance of Nonlinear Process in Microfluidics |
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268 | (3) |
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11.4 Significance of Microfluidic Systems |
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271 | (2) |
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11.5 Biomedical Applications |
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273 | (6) |
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11.5.1 Organs-on-Chips (OoCs) |
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273 | (1) |
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11.5.2 Lung-on-a-Chip (LuoC) |
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274 | (2) |
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11.5.3 Brain-on-a-Chip (BoC) |
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276 | (1) |
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11.5.4 Joint/Muscle-on-a-Chip (JoC) and Human-on-a-Chip (HoC) |
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277 | (2) |
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11.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives |
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279 | (6) |
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279 | (6) |
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12 Lab-on-a-Chip Devices for Medical Diagnosis II: Strategies for Pathogen Detection |
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285 | (14) |
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285 | (1) |
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12.2 LoC Fabrication for Medical Diagnosis |
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286 | (5) |
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291 | (4) |
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12.4 Conclusion and Future Perspective |
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295 | (4) |
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296 | (3) |
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13 Nanodiagnostics: New Tools for Detection of Animal Pathogens |
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299 | (28) |
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299 | (1) |
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13.2 Traditional Methods for Detection of Animal Diseases |
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300 | (1) |
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13.3 Recent Approaches of Nanomaterial Applications in Detection of Animal Diseases |
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301 | (5) |
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13.3.1 Types of Nanodiagnostics |
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301 | (1) |
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13.3.2 Biomedical Applications of Nanodiagnostics |
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302 | (4) |
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13.4 Methods of Nanoparticle Functionalization for Disease Diagnosis |
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306 | (5) |
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13.4.1 Immuno-Based Methods |
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307 | (3) |
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13.4.2 Molecular-Based Methods |
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310 | (1) |
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13.5 Nano Biosensors Using Biomarkers |
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311 | (5) |
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13.5.1 Types of Biosensors |
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311 | (2) |
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313 | (1) |
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13.5.3 Mass-Based Biosensor |
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313 | (1) |
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13.5.4 Calorimetric Biosensor |
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314 | (1) |
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13.5.5 Detection of Antibody Markers |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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13.6 Conclusions and Future Prospective |
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316 | (11) |
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317 | (10) |
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14 Nano-Based Robotic Technologies for Plant Disease Diagnosis |
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327 | (34) |
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327 | (2) |
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14.2 Pathogen Detection Methods |
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329 | (11) |
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14.2.1 Morphological Tools |
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330 | (1) |
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330 | (1) |
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330 | (1) |
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14.2.4 Nano-Based Diagnostics Tools |
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331 | (5) |
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336 | (3) |
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339 | (1) |
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14.2.7 Nanopore-Based Detection |
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339 | (1) |
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14.3 Robotics Techniques for Plant Pathogens Detection |
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340 | (2) |
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14.4 Nanotools for Detection of Plant Pathogens |
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342 | (4) |
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14.4.1 Detection of Bacterial Pathogens |
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343 | (1) |
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14.4.2 Fungal Pathogens Detection |
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344 | (1) |
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14.4.3 Viral Pathogen Detection |
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345 | (1) |
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14.5 Diagnosis of the Plant Varieties and Other Forms |
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346 | (3) |
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349 | (2) |
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351 | (1) |
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351 | (10) |
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352 | (9) |
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15 Nanodiagnostic Tools for Mycotoxins Detection |
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361 | (22) |
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Giovanna de Oliveira Asenjo Mendes |
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362 | (1) |
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15.2 Conventional Diagnostics for Mycotoxins in Agriculture |
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363 | (2) |
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15.3 Nanosurveillance to Mitigate Mycotoxins |
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365 | (1) |
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15.4 Nanodiagnostics for Mycotoxins |
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366 | (1) |
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15.4.1 Sensors Based on Nanomaterials for Mycotoxin Surveillance |
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366 | (1) |
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15.4.2 Metallic Nanoparticles |
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367 | (1) |
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367 | (9) |
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15.5.1 Nanoparticles with Conductivity-Based Sensors |
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367 | (3) |
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15.5.2 Antibody-Coupled Nanomaterials |
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370 | (6) |
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15.6 Smart and Antifungal Packaging Nanosurveillance |
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376 | (1) |
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377 | (6) |
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378 | (5) |
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16 CRISPR/Cas Systems: A New Biomedical and Agricultural Diagnostic Devices for Viral Diseases |
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383 | (28) |
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383 | (2) |
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16.2 CRISPR/Cas-Based Diagnostic Tools |
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385 | (26) |
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16.2.1 CRISPR: An Introduction |
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385 | (1) |
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16.2.2 Applications of CRISPR |
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385 | (1) |
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386 | (1) |
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16.2.4 CRISPR/Cas Mechanism |
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386 | (2) |
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388 | (2) |
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16.2.6 CRISPR Methods and Techniques |
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390 | (2) |
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16.2.7 CRISPR/Cas Diagnostic Tools |
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392 | (13) |
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405 | (2) |
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16.2.9 Conclusion and Future Outlook |
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407 | (1) |
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407 | (4) |
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17 DNA-Nanosensors for Environmental Monitoring of Heavy Metal Ions |
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411 | (22) |
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411 | (2) |
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17.2 Heavy Metals Pollution and Detection |
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413 | (1) |
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17.3 Nanobiosensors and Pollution Detection |
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414 | (4) |
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17.4 DNA Biosensor and DNA Nanobiosensors |
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418 | (3) |
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17.5 Nanosensors and DNA Nanosensors for Heavy Metals Detection |
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421 | (5) |
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426 | (1) |
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17.7 Conclusion and Future Prospective |
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427 | (6) |
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428 | (5) |
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18 Smart Nanosensors for Pesticides and Heavy Metals Detection |
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433 | (15) |
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433 | (2) |
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18.2 Overview of Sensing Techniques |
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435 | (2) |
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18.2.1 The Need for Smart and Intelligent Nanosensors |
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435 | (1) |
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18.2.2 Smart Nanosensors and Nanobiosensors |
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436 | (1) |
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18.2.3 Operation Modes of Nanosensors |
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436 | (1) |
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18.3 Nanomaterials and their Types |
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437 | (2) |
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18.3.1 General Aspect of Nanomaterials |
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437 | (1) |
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18.3.2 Type of Nanomaterials |
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438 | (1) |
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18.4 Nanomaterial-Based Nanosensors/Nanobiosensors and Their Applications |
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439 | (8) |
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18.4.1 Nanosensors for Pesticides and Heavy Metal Detection |
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440 | (3) |
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18.4.2 Nanobiosensors for Pesticides and Heavy Metal Detection |
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443 | (4) |
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18.5 Conclusion and Future Prospective |
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447 | (1) |
References |
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448 | (5) |
Index |
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