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xv | |
Preface |
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xix | |
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SECTION I NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS AND EPIGENETICS: GENERAL ASPECTS |
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Epigenetics |
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3 | (6) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 Neuropsychiatry and Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
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4 | (1) |
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1.3 Historical Outline of Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
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4 | (1) |
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1.4 Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Epigenetics |
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5 | (1) |
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1.5 Epigenetics and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Translational Aspects |
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6 | (3) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 Environmental Factors and Epigenetics of Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
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9 | (26) |
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2.1 Introduction: Gene X Environment Interactions Revisited |
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10 | (1) |
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2.2 The Epigenetic Dimension of Neuroplasticity |
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10 | (2) |
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2.3 What are Molecular Epigenetic Mechanisms? |
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12 | (2) |
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2.3.1 Epigenetic Tagging of DNA |
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12 | (2) |
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2.3.2 Epigenetic Tagging of Histones |
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14 | (1) |
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2.4 ELA as a Major Risk Factor for Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
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14 | (2) |
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2.5 The Stress System as a Mediator of ELA |
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16 | (2) |
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2.6 Epigenetic Programming of the Stress System |
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18 | (4) |
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2.6.1 Epigenetic Programming of the GR by Early Life Experiences |
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18 | (2) |
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2.6.2 Epigenetic Programming of Fkbp5 by Glucocorticoids and ELA |
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20 | (2) |
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2.7 Epigenetic Programming of Hypothalamic Neuropeptides by ELA |
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22 | (3) |
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2.7.1 Epigenetic Programming of Crh |
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22 | (1) |
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2.7.2 Epigenetic Programming of Avp by ELA |
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23 | (1) |
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2.7.3 Epigenetic Programming of Pituitary Pomc by ELA |
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24 | (1) |
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2.8 Epigenetic Programming of the HPA Axis by Early Nutrition |
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25 | (2) |
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2.8.1 Epigenetic Programming of the GR by Early Undernutrition |
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25 | (1) |
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2.8.2 Epigenetic Programming of Hypothalamic Pomc by Early Overnutrition |
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25 | (2) |
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2.9 Other Epigenetic Aspects of Nutritional Effects on Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
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27 | (1) |
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2.10 Therapeutic Prospects |
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27 | (8) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (6) |
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Chapter 3 Epigenetic Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
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35 | (34) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (9) |
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36 | (5) |
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3.2.2 Histone Modifications |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (3) |
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45 | (4) |
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45 | (3) |
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3.3.2 Histone Modifications |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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3.4 Major Depressive Disorder |
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49 | (6) |
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50 | (3) |
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3.4.2 Histone Modifications |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (14) |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (12) |
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SECTION II EPIGENETICS OF NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS |
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Chapter 4 Epigenetics and Cognitive Disorders---Translational Aspects |
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69 | (24) |
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4.1 Introduction: Epigenetics and Cognitive Disorders |
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69 | (1) |
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4.2 DNA Methylation and Histone Tail Modifications |
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70 | (2) |
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4.3 Epigenetic Changes in Alzheimer's Disease |
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72 | (2) |
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4.3.1 DNA Methylation in Alzheimer's Disease |
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73 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Histone Tail Modifications in Alzheimer's Disease |
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74 | (1) |
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4.4 Epigenetic Changes in Parkinson's Disease |
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74 | (1) |
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4.4.1 DNA Methylation in Parkinson's Disease |
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75 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Histone Tail Modifications in Parkinson's Disease |
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75 | (1) |
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4.5 Epigenetic Changes in Huntington's Disease |
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75 | (1) |
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4.5.1 DNA Methylation in Huntington's Disease |
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76 | (1) |
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4.5.2 Histone Tail Modifications in Huntington's Disease |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (2) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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4.7 Natural Compounds Exerting Epigenetic Properties |
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78 | (1) |
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4.8 Manipulation of Epigenetic Mechanisms for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease |
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79 | (2) |
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4.9 Manipulation of Epigenetic Mechanisms for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease |
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81 | (1) |
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4.10 Manipulation of Epigenetic Mechanisms for the Treatment of Huntington's Disease |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (10) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (7) |
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Chapter 5 Epigenetics in Pervasive Developmental Disorders: Translational Aspects |
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93 | (14) |
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93 | (1) |
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5.2 Epidemiological Understanding of PDD |
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94 | (1) |
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5.3 Genetic Understanding of PDD |
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94 | (1) |
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5.4 Epigenetic Abnormalities in Congenital PDD |
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94 | (2) |
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5.4.1 Abnormalities in Genomic Imprinting |
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94 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Abnormalities in X-Chromosome Inactivation |
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95 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Abnormalities in Enzymes Associated With Epigenetic Gene Regulation |
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96 | (1) |
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5.5 Updated Understanding of Rett Syndrome |
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96 | (2) |
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5.6 Acquired Epigenetic Changes Associated With PDD |
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98 | (2) |
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100 | (7) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (5) |
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Chapter 6 Epigenetic Causes of Intellectual Disability---the Fragile X Syndrome Paradigm |
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107 | (22) |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (2) |
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6.3 The FMR1 Gene and the FMRP Protein |
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111 | (3) |
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6.4 Different Transcripts at the FMR1 Locus |
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114 | (2) |
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6.5 Epigenetic Modifications of the FMR1 Locus and the Enigma of Unmethylated Full Mutation Alleles |
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116 | (2) |
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6.6 Translational Strategies |
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118 | (11) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (7) |
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Chapter 7 Epigenetics of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder |
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129 | (12) |
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129 | (2) |
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7.1.1 The Role of the Environment |
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130 | (1) |
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7.1.2 Why Epigenetics in ADHD? |
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131 | (1) |
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7.2 Results of Epigenetic Studies of ADHD |
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131 | (3) |
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7.2.1 Epigenetics and Distal Risk Factors |
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131 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Epigenetics and Proximal Risk Factors |
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132 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Methylome-Wide Association Studies |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (6) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (5) |
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Chapter 8 The Epigenetics of Brain Aging and Psychiatric Disorders |
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141 | (22) |
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141 | (7) |
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142 | (2) |
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8.1.2 Histone Posttranslational Modifications |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (2) |
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8.1.4 Integration of Multiple Epigenetic Modifications |
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147 | (1) |
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8.2 Epigenetics of Brain Aging |
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148 | (3) |
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8.2.1 DNA Methylation in Brain Aging |
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149 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Histone Posttranslational Modifications in Brain Aging |
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149 | (1) |
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8.2.3 ncRNAs in Brain Aging |
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150 | (1) |
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8.3 Epigenetics of Psychiatric Disorders |
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151 | (3) |
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152 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Histone Posttranslational Modifications |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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8.4 Intervention and Pharmacology of Epigenetics in Brain Aging and Psychiatric Disorders |
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154 | (3) |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (6) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (5) |
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Chapter 9 Epigenetics and Down Syndrome |
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163 | (22) |
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9.1 Introduction: Epigenetics has been Largely Neglected in Down Syndrome |
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163 | (2) |
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9.2 Epigenetic Mechanisms Affect Learning and Memory |
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165 | (1) |
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9.3 Altered DNA Methylation is Associated With DS |
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166 | (3) |
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9.4 Altered Histone Modifications are Associated With DS |
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169 | (3) |
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9.4.1 Posttranslational Histone Tail Modifications |
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169 | (3) |
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9.4.2 Histone Core Variants and Constitutive Chromatin Proteins |
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172 | (1) |
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9.5 Epigenetics in DS: A Link to Alzheimer's Disease? |
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172 | (2) |
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9.6 Epigenetic Therapy May Alleviate Cognitive Deficits in DS |
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174 | (2) |
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176 | (9) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (7) |
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Chapter 10 Epigenetics and Multiple Sclerosis |
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185 | (30) |
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10.1 Multiple Sclerosis: Introduction |
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185 | (3) |
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10.2 Overview of Epigenetic Studies Performed in MS |
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188 | (7) |
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188 | (4) |
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10.2.2 Histone Posttranslational Modifications |
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192 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Histone Changes in Immune Cells and in CNS Tissue in MS |
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193 | (2) |
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10.3 Challenges in Epigenetic Studies |
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195 | (1) |
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10.4 Potential Roles of Epigenetic Changes in MS |
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195 | (7) |
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10.4.1 Potential Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in Mediating Genetic Risk |
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196 | (2) |
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10.4.2 Potential Roles of Epigenetic Modifications in Mediating Environmental Risks |
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198 | (4) |
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10.5 Utility of Epigenetics in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of MS |
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202 | (2) |
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10.5.1 Epigenetic Patterns as a Biomarker |
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202 | (1) |
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10.5.2 Therapeutic Methods Based on Epigenetics |
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203 | (1) |
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10.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives |
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204 | (11) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (8) |
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Chapter 11 Epigenetics and Migraine |
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215 | (18) |
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215 | (1) |
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11.2 Genetic Vulnerability to Migraine |
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216 | (1) |
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11.3 Homocysteine and Migraine |
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217 | (1) |
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11.4 Estrogen and Migraine |
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218 | (4) |
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11.4.1 Homocysteine, Estrogen, and Epigenetics |
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220 | (2) |
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11.5 Calcitonin and Migraine |
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222 | (2) |
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11.6 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Migraine |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (9) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (8) |
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Chapter 12 The Role of Epigenetics in the Pathophysiology of Epilepsy |
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233 | (28) |
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233 | (1) |
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12.2 General Overview of Epilepsy and its Basic Mechanisms |
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234 | (6) |
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12.2.1 Classification of Seizures |
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234 | (1) |
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12.2.2 Classification of Epilepsy |
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235 | (1) |
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12.2.3 Cellular Alterations Induced by Acute Seizures |
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236 | (3) |
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12.2.4 Management of Epilepsy |
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239 | (1) |
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12.3 Epigenetic Modifications in Epilepsy |
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240 | (11) |
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240 | (2) |
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12.3.2 Histone Modifications |
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242 | (3) |
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245 | (5) |
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12.3.4 ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling Complex |
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250 | (1) |
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12.4 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Epilepsy |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (9) |
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252 | (2) |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (6) |
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Chapter 13 Epigenetic Dysregulation in Brain Tumors and Neurodevelopment |
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261 | (16) |
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261 | (2) |
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13.2 Epigenetic Dysregulation in Pediatric Tumors |
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263 | (3) |
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13.2.1 H3K27M and H3G34R Mutations in Pediatric Gliomas |
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263 | (1) |
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13.2.2 INI-1 and Other SWI/SNF Complexes in Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumors |
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264 | (2) |
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13.2.3 Emerging Epigenetic Mutations in Medulloblastomas |
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266 | (1) |
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13.3 Epigenetic Dysregulation in Adult Tumors |
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266 | (3) |
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13.3.1 IDH Mutations in Adult Gliomas |
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266 | (1) |
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13.3.2 ATRX Mutations in Adult Gliomas |
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267 | (1) |
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13.3.3 Other Emerging Epigenetic Mutations in Adult Gliomas |
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267 | (2) |
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13.4 Tumor Cell of Origin and Epigenetics |
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269 | (1) |
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13.5 Emerging Epigenetic Therapies |
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269 | (1) |
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13.6 Epimutations and Neurocognitive Dysfunction Versus Carcinogenesis |
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269 | (1) |
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13.7 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Brain Tumors |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (7) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (6) |
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Chapter 14 Epigenetics and Cerebrovascular Diseases |
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277 | (22) |
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14.1 Cerebrovascular Diseases---Introduction |
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278 | (1) |
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14.2 Vascular Stroke Risk Factors |
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279 | (1) |
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14.3 Intermediate Phenotypes |
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279 | (1) |
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14.4 Genetic Risk Factors and Stroke |
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280 | (1) |
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14.5 Monogenic Causes of Stroke |
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280 | (1) |
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14.6 Stroke as a Complex Polygenic Disorder |
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281 | (1) |
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14.7 Evidence for Epigenetics in Stroke |
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282 | (1) |
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14.8 DNA Methylation and Stroke |
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283 | (2) |
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14.9 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine and Stroke |
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285 | (1) |
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14.10 Histones and Stroke |
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285 | (1) |
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14.11 Noncoding RNAs (miRNAs) and Stroke |
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286 | (1) |
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14.12 Modifiable Stroke Risk Factors and Epigenetics |
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287 | (1) |
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14.13 Epigenetics of Atherosclerosis |
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287 | (1) |
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14.14 Epigenetics of Hypertension |
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288 | (1) |
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14.15 Epigenetics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
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288 | (1) |
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14.16 Epigenetics of Hyperlipidemia and Obesity |
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289 | (1) |
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14.17 Epigenetics of Atrial Fibrillation |
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289 | (1) |
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14.18 Epigenetics and Cigarette Smoking |
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290 | (1) |
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14.19 Epigenetics and Nutrition |
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290 | (1) |
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14.20 Tissue Specificity: Which is the Best Tissue for Studying Stroke Epigenetics? |
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291 | (1) |
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14.21 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Cerebrovascular Diseases |
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291 | (1) |
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292 | (7) |
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293 | (1) |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (5) |
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Chapter 15 Epigenetics and Eating Disorders |
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299 | (10) |
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299 | (1) |
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15.2 Developmental Risk Factors |
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300 | (1) |
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15.3 Effects of Malnutrition and Energy Restriction |
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301 | (1) |
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15.4 Epigenetic Alterations in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa |
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302 | (1) |
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15.5 Conclusions: An Epigenetically Informed Model of Eating Disorders |
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303 | (6) |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (4) |
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Chapter 16 Epigenetics and Obesity |
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309 | (26) |
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309 | (1) |
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16.2 Epigenetic Mechanisms |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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16.4 Histone Modification |
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312 | (1) |
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16.5 Normal Developmental Epigenetic Processes |
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313 | (1) |
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16.6 Developmental Origins of Obesity |
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313 | (1) |
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16.7 Genetic Imprinting Disorders Associated With Obesity |
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314 | (2) |
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16.8 Genetic Associations With Obesity |
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316 | (1) |
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16.9 Epigenetic Control of Metabolism and Obesity Associated Genes |
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316 | (1) |
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16.10 Metabolic Regulation by Histone Modifying Enzymes |
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317 | (1) |
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16.11 Metabolic Pathway Connections to Epigenetic Mechanisms |
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318 | (1) |
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16.12 Hypothalamic Regulation of Energy Balance |
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319 | (3) |
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16.13 Epigenetic Programming of Hypothalamic Dysfunction by Perinatal Malnutrition |
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322 | (2) |
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16.14 Hypothalamic Epigenetic Targets Associated With Obesity |
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324 | (1) |
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16.15 Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis Dysfunction in Obesity |
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325 | (1) |
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16.16 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Obesity |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (8) |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (6) |
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Chapter 17 Epigenetics and Drug Addiction: Translational Aspects |
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335 | (26) |
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17.1 Introduction: Drug Addiction, Reward Pathway, and Epigenetics |
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335 | (3) |
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17.2 Histone Modifications in Addiction |
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338 | (4) |
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17.2.1 Histone Acetylation in Drug Addiction |
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338 | (3) |
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17.2.2 Histone Methylation and Other Histone Modifications in Addiction |
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341 | (1) |
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17.3 Genome-Wide Mapping of Histone Modifications in Addiction |
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342 | (4) |
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17.4 DNA Modifications in Addiction |
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346 | (4) |
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17.5 Genome-Wide Mapping of DNA Modifications in Addiction |
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350 | (1) |
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17.6 Translational Future of Epigenetic Studies in Addiction Research |
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351 | (10) |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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355 | (6) |
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Chapter 18 Epigenetics and Alcohol Use Disorders |
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361 | (40) |
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361 | (2) |
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18.2 Histone Modifications |
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363 | (11) |
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18.2.1 Histone Acetylation and Deacetylation |
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363 | (8) |
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18.2.2 Histone Acetylation in Peripheral Tissues |
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371 | (1) |
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18.2.3 Histone Methylation Mechanisms |
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371 | (2) |
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18.2.4 Histone Phosphorylation |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (6) |
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18.3.1 Alcohol and DNA Methylation |
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376 | (3) |
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18.3.2 Adolescent Drinking and Alcohol Use Disorders at Adulthood |
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379 | (1) |
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18.3.3 Alcohol and DNA Methylation Mechanisms in Peripheral Tissues |
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380 | (1) |
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380 | (3) |
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383 | (18) |
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384 | (1) |
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385 | (1) |
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385 | (16) |
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SECTION III SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK |
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Chapter 19 Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Epigenetics: Summary and Outlook |
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401 | (8) |
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401 | (1) |
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19.2 Differing Roles of Epigenetics in the Pathogenesis of Different Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
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402 | (1) |
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19.3 Epigenetics of Nonneuronal Cells in Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
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403 | (1) |
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19.4 Long Noncoding RNAs and Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
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403 | (1) |
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19.5 Future Strategies in the Epigenetics of Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
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|
404 | (5) |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
|
405 | (4) |
Index |
|
409 | |