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1 Planar Interdigital Sensors |
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1 | (10) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Chemical Sensors and Biosensors Applications |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (4) |
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1.4 Food Quality and Environmental Monitoring |
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7 | (4) |
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9 | (2) |
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2 Novel Planar Interdigital Sensors |
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11 | (26) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (3) |
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2.3 Analytical Model and Analysis |
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14 | (2) |
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2.3.1 Calculation of Capacitance Using Circuit Analysis |
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14 | (2) |
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2.4 Modelling Using Finite Element Analysis: COMSOL Multiphysics |
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16 | (7) |
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2.4.1 Model Definition: COMSOL Implementation |
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17 | (6) |
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2.5 Design and Fabrication Process |
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23 | (14) |
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2.5.1 Conventional Interdigital Sensors |
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23 | (2) |
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2.5.2 Novel Planar Interdigital Sensors |
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25 | (9) |
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34 | (3) |
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3 Experimental Investigation: Impedance Characterization |
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37 | (36) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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3.3 Impedance Spectroscopy Method |
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37 | (7) |
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3.3.1 Fundamental Theory of IS Method |
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38 | (2) |
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3.3.2 Nyqusit Plot and Bode Plot Data Presentations |
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40 | (4) |
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3.4 Characterization of Sensors |
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44 | (29) |
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3.4.1 Characterization of Sensors in Air |
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44 | (7) |
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3.4.2 Characterization of Sensors with Ionic Solution, Sodium Chloride (NaCl) |
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51 | (10) |
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3.4.3 Characterization of Sensors with Different pH |
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61 | (3) |
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3.4.4 Experiments with Peptides Related to Domoic Acid |
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64 | (5) |
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3.4.5 Initial Experiments with LPS 0111:B4 |
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69 | (2) |
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71 | (2) |
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4 Coating and Immobilization of Sensors |
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73 | (14) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (4) |
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4.2.1 Electrospining Method |
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75 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Spin-Coating Method |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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4.3 Optical Microscopy Characterization |
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77 | (4) |
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78 | (1) |
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4.3.2 COATING A: Electrospun of Carboxylic Functional Polymer |
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78 | (2) |
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4.3.3 COATING B: Spin Coated Carboxylic Functional Polymer |
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80 | (1) |
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4.3.4 COATING C: Dip-Coated Silica Coating Functionalized with APTES |
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80 | (1) |
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4.3.5 COATING D: Dip Coated Silica Coating with Thionine |
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81 | (1) |
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4.4 Immobilization of Polymyxin B |
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81 | (6) |
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4.4.1 Preparation of Borate Buffer |
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82 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Preparation of Phosphate Buffer |
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82 | (2) |
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4.4.3 Immobilization Process |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (3) |
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5 Experimental Investigation: Endotoxins |
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87 | (42) |
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87 | (1) |
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5.2 Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis |
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87 | (5) |
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5.3 Analysis on Endotoxin |
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92 | (14) |
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5.3.1 Coated FR4 Sensors (1_5 Configuration) |
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92 | (3) |
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5.3.2 Coated Silicon Sensors (1_5 Configuration) |
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95 | (11) |
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5.4 Validation of Sensor Measurement Using Standard Chromogenic LAL Endotoxin Test Kit |
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106 | (6) |
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5.4.1 Description of the Assay Kit |
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107 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Endotoxin Quantitative Detection Protocol |
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108 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Reagent Preparation |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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5.4.5 Calculation of Endotoxin Concentration |
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111 | (1) |
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5.5 Sensitivity Measurement of Novel Sensors |
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112 | (4) |
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5.6 Stability and Reproducibility of Sensing Performance |
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116 | (13) |
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126 | (3) |
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6 Food Sample and Analysis |
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129 | (8) |
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129 | (1) |
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6.2 Food Samples Preparation |
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129 | (1) |
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6.3 Analysis on Food Samples |
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129 | (8) |
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137 | |
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137 | |