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E-grāmata: Nutrient Requirements of Swine: Eleventh Revised Edition

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Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Research Council, Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Swine

Formāts: 420 pages
Izdošanas datums: 02-Jul-2012
Izdevniecība: National Academies Press
Valoda: eng
ISBN-13: 9780309224260

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Animal husbandry

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Formāts: 420 pages
Izdošanas datums: 02-Jul-2012
Izdevniecība: National Academies Press
Valoda: eng
ISBN-13: 9780309224260

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Animal husbandry

DRM restrictions

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Since 1944, the National Research Council has published 10 editions of the Nutrient Requirements of Swine. This reference has guided nutritionists and other professionals in academia and the swine and feed industries in developing and implementing nutritional and feeding programs for swine. The swine industry has undergone considerable changes since the tenth edition was published in 1998 and some of the requirements and recommendations set forth at that time are no longer relevant or appropriate. The eleventh revised edition of the Nutrient Requirements of Swine builds on the previous editions published by the National Research Council. A great deal of new research has been published during the last 15 years and there is a large amount of new information for many nutrients. In addition to a thorough and current evaluation of the literature on the energy and nutrient requirements of swine in all stages of life, this volume includes information about feed ingredients from the biofuels industry and other new ingredients, requirements for digestible phosphorus and concentrations of it in feed ingredients, a review of the effects of feed additives and feed processing, and strategies to increase nutrient retention and thus reduce fecal and urinary excretions that could contribute to environmental pollution. The tables of feed ingredient composition are significantly updated. Nutrient Requirements of Swine represents a comprehensive review of the most recent information available on swine nutrition and ingredient composition that will allow efficient, profitable, and environmentally conscious swine production.

Preface

xvii

Summary

(3)

1 Energy

(11)

Introduction

(1)

Definition of Terms

(1)

Partitioning of Energy

(3)

Components of Heat Production

(2)

Physiological States

(2)

Modeling Energy Utilization---The Concept of Effective Metabolizable Energy

(1)

References

(3)

2 Proteins And Amino Acids

(30)

Introduction

(1)

Proteins

(1)

Essential, Nonessential, and Conditionally Essential Amino Acids

(1)

Amino Acid Sources

(1)

Amino Acid Analysis

(1)

Means of Expressing Amino Acid Requirements

(2)

Dietary Disproportions of Amino Acids

(1)

Ratios of Amino Acids to Lysine

(1)

Empirical Estimates of Amino Acid Requirements

(3)

Determinants of Amino Acid Requirements---A Modeling Approach

(9)

Efficiency of Amino Acid Utilization

(6)

References

(7)

3 Lipids

(13)

Introduction

(1)

Digestibility and Energy Value of Lipids

(1)

Dietary Fat and Performance throughout the Life Cycle

(1)

Dietary Essential and Bioactive Fatty Acids

(1)

Dietary Fat, Iodine Value, and Pork Fat Quality

(1)

Carnitine

(1)

Quality Measures of Dietary Fat

(3)

Lipid Analysis

(1)

References

(6)

4 Carbohydrates

(8)

Introduction

(1)

Monosaccharides

(1)

Disaccharides

(1)

Oligosaccharides

(1)

Polysaccharides

(3)

Analyses for Carbohydrates

(1)

References

(2)

5 Water

(8)

Introduction

(1)

Functions of Water

(1)

Water Turnover

(1)

Water Requirements

(2)

Water Quality

(2)

References

(3)

6 Minerals

(30)

Introduction

(1)

Macrominerals

(7)

Micro/Trace Minerals

(7)

References

(16)

7 Vitamins

104

(23)

Introduction

104

(1)

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

105

(5)

Water-Soluble Vitamins

110

(7)

References

117

(10)

8 Models For Estimating Nutrient Requirements Of Swine

127

(30)

Introduction

127

(1)

Growing-Finishing Pig Model

128

(8)

Gestating Sow Model

136

(4)

Lactating Sow Model

140

(3)

Starting Pigs

143

(1)

Mineral and Vitamin Requirements

143

(2)

Estimation of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Carbon Retention Efficiencies

145

(1)

Evaluation of the Models

145

(9)

References

154

(3)

9 Coproducts From The Corn And Soybean Industries

157

(8)

Introduction

157

(1)

Corn Coproducts

157

(3)

Soybean Products

160

(1)

Crude Glycerin

161

(1)

References

161

(4)

10 Nonnutritive Feed Additives

165

(12)

Introduction

165

(1)

Antimicrobial Agents

165

(1)

Anthelmintics

165

(1)

Acidifiers

166

(1)

Direct-Fed Microbials

166

(1)

Nondigestible Oligosaccharides

167

(1)

Plant Extracts

167

(1)

Exogenous Enzymes

167

(1)

Feed Flavors

168

(1)

Mycotoxin Binders

169

(1)

Antioxidants

170

(1)

Pellet Binders

170

(1)

Flow Agents

170

(1)

Ractopamine

170

(1)

Carnitine and Conjugated Linoleic Acids

171

(1)

Odor and Ammonia Control Compounds

171

(1)

References

171

(6)

11 Feed Contaminants

177

(7)

Introduction

177

(1)

Chemical Contaminants

177

(3)

Biological Contaminants

180

(1)

Physical Contaminants

181

(1)

Potential Future Issues

181

(1)

Animal Feed Safety System

182

(1)

Other Sources of Information

182

(1)

References

182

(2)

12 Feed Processing

184

(3)

Introduction

184

(1)

Effects of Processing on Nutrient Utilization

184

(1)

Additional Prospects and Sources of Information

185

(1)

References

185

(2)

13 Digestibility Of Nutrients And Energy

187

(7)

Introduction

187

(1)

Crude Protein and Amino Acids

187

(2)

Lipids

189

(1)

Carbohydrates

189

(1)

Phosphorus

190

(1)

Energy

191

(1)

References

192

(2)

14 Influence Of Nutrition On Nutrient Excretion And The Environment

194

(9)

Introduction

194

(1)

Nitrogen

195

(1)

Calcium and Phosphorus

195

(1)

Copper, Iron, Manganese, Magnesium, Potassium, and Zinc

196

(1)

Sulfur

196

(1)

Carbon

196

(1)

Diet Formulation and Gaseous Emissions

197

(1)

Integrated Approaches

198

(1)

References

198

(5)

15 Research Needs

203

(5)

Introduction

203

(1)

Methods of Nutrient Requirement Assessment

203

(1)

Nutrient Utilization and Feed Intake

203

(1)

Energy

204

(1)

Amino Acids

204

(1)

Minerals

204

(1)

Lipids

205

(1)

Vitamins

205

(1)

Feed Ingredient Composition

205

(1)

Other Areas and Priorities

205

(3)

16 Nutrient Requirements Tables

208

(31)

Introduction

208

(2)

Tables

210

(29)

17 Feed Ingredient Composition

239

(130)

Introduction

239

(1)

Proximate Components and Carbohydrates

239

(1)

Amino Acids

239

(1)

Minerals

240

(1)

Vitamins

240

(1)

Fatty Acids

240

(1)

Energy

240

(1)

List of Ingredients

240

(1)

References

241

(1)

Tables

242

(127)

APPENDIXES

A Model User Guide

369

(11)

General Overview

369

(1)

Using the Program

369

(11)

B Committee Statement Of Task

380

(1)

C Abbreviatons And Acronyms

381

(5)

D Committee Member Biographies

386

(2)

E Recent Publications Of The Board On Agriculture And Natural Resources

388

(3)

Policy and Resources

388

(1)

Animal Nutrition Program---Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals Series and Related Titles

389

(2)

Index

391

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E-grāmata: Nutrient Requirements of Swine: Eleventh Revised Edition

DRM restrictions

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