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Origin of Life: What Everyone Needs to Know® [Hardback]

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  • Formāts: Hardback, 110 pages, height x width x depth: 216x143x6 mm, weight: 259 g
  • Sērija : What Everyone Needs to Know
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Nov-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0190098996
  • ISBN-13: 9780190098995
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 110 pages, height x width x depth: 216x143x6 mm, weight: 259 g
  • Sērija : What Everyone Needs to Know
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Nov-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0190098996
  • ISBN-13: 9780190098995
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
"I'll begin with a challenging question: Why should anyone want to know about the origin of life? The answers will vary from one person to the next, but the simplest answer is curiosity. Anyone reading this introduction is curious because they wonder howlife could have begun on the Earth, but there is more to it than that. My friend Stuart Kauffman wrote a book with the title At Home in the Universe. The title refers to a deep sense of satisfaction that comes when we begin to understand how our lives onEarth are connected to the rest of the universe. There are surprises and revelations as we discover those connections"--

It seems likely that scientists will someday discover how life can emerge on habitable planets like the early Earth and Mars.

In Origin of Life: What Everyone Needs to Know?, David W. Deamer has written a comprehensive guide to the origin of life that is organized in three sections. The first section addresses questions such as: Where do the atoms of life come from? How old is Earth? What was the Earth like before life began? Where does water come from? After each question is answered, there is a follow-up: How do we know? This expands the horizon of the book, explaining how scientists reach conclusions and why we can trust these answers. The second section describes how certain organic molecules can spontaneously assemble into populations of protocells that can undergo selection and evolve toward primitive living systems. Here Deamer proposes a truly novel concept that life did not begin in the ocean but instead in fresh water hot springs on volcanic land masses resembling Hawaii today. True knowledge is not just what we know, but equally important is what we don't yet know. In the third section Deamer lists the outstanding questions that must be addressed before we can finally answer a fundamental question of biology: How can life begin?
Introduction 1(7)
SECTION 1 HOW TO ASSEMBLE A HABITABLE PLANET
8(16)
The elements of life on Earth are billions of years old
8(2)
Atoms heavier than hydrogen are synthesized in stars
10(1)
Six biogenic elements compose all forms of life
11(2)
Interstellar dust provided the atomic and molecular seeds of life for the solar system
13(1)
Molecular clouds are the birthplace of stars and planets
14(1)
The solar system assembled from a disk of dust and gas circling the sun
15(1)
Radioactive elements keep the Earth's core molten
16(2)
Radioactive decay tells us the age of the Earth
18(2)
Life could not begin until there was an ocean
20(2)
Earth's water was delivered by planetesimals and comets
22(2)
SECTION 2 FROM NOT ALIVE TO ALMOST ALIVE
24(37)
Different proposals for how life began on the Earth
25(7)
All life is cellular, and probably the first forms of life as well
32(1)
Life requires liquid water
33(3)
Life probably began in freshwater on volcanic islands
36(1)
Life needs monomers
37(2)
Life is composed of polymers
39(3)
Organic compounds were available to support the origin of life
42(2)
In order to react, organic compounds must be concentrated
44(1)
Energy and life's beginning
44(3)
Self-assembly and encapsulation are the first steps toward life
47(2)
The origin of life required a source of energy
49(3)
Catalysts are essential to all life today, and also were for earliest life
52(2)
Cycling conditions were essential for life to begin
54(2)
Some chemical reactions increase molecular complexity, others decompose complex molecules
56(1)
Life depends on cycles of information transfer between nucleic acids and proteins
57(2)
The oldest known fossil evidence of life is around 3.5 billion years old
59(2)
SECTION 3 WHAT WE STILL NEED TO DISCOVER
61(36)
Is the RNA World real, or just conjecture?
61(2)
What is metabolism and how did it begin?
63(1)
What were the first catalysts?
64(2)
How did regulatory feedback loops begin to function?
66(2)
How did life become homochiral?
68(3)
What is photosynthesis, and how did it begin?
71(2)
What was the first ribosome ?
73(1)
How did the genetic code emerge?
74(2)
Where did viruses come from?
76(1)
How did encapsulated polymer systems begin to evolve?
77(2)
What are progenotes and LUCA, the last universal common ancestor?
79(2)
How did prokaryotic life become eukaryotic life?
81(2)
Is there a Tree of Life?
83(2)
Can we synthesize life in the laboratory?
85(4)
Could life begin again on the Earth today?
89(1)
Could conditions on other planets allow life to begin?
90(2)
Will we ever know how life can begin?
92(5)
Further reading
94(3)
Index 97
David W. Deamer is Research Professor of Biomolecular Engineering at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He is author of several books, including Assembling Life (Oxford University Press 2019).