List of Contributors |
|
xi | |
Foreword |
|
xxi | |
|
Preface and Acknowledgments |
|
xxiii | |
Executive Summary |
|
xxvi | |
Introduction |
|
1 | (5) |
1 Reasonable Royalties |
|
6 | (44) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 | (7) |
|
1.1.1 Empirical Literature |
|
|
6 | (2) |
|
1.1.2 Theoretical Justifications |
|
|
8 | (3) |
|
1.1.3 Principal Approaches |
|
|
11 | (2) |
|
1.2 Reformulating Georgia-Pacific |
|
|
13 | (6) |
|
1.3 Incremental Value and Other Issues |
|
|
19 | (27) |
|
|
19 | (3) |
|
1.3.2 Hypothetical Bargain |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
1.3.3 Dividing Incremental Value |
|
|
23 | (5) |
|
1.3.4 Timing of Hypothetical Negotiation |
|
|
28 | (2) |
|
|
30 | (3) |
|
1.3.6 Comparable Licenses |
|
|
33 | (8) |
|
1.3.7 Entire Market Value Rule and Smallest Saleable Unit |
|
|
41 | (5) |
|
1.4 Practical Considerations |
|
|
46 | (4) |
|
1.4.1 Expert Evidence and Daubert Gatekeeping in the United States |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
1.4.2 "Kickers" for Reasonable Royalties |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
1.4.3 Calibrated Evidentiary Burdens or Royalty Measures |
|
|
49 | (1) |
2 Lost Profits and Disgorgement |
|
50 | (40) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
|
51 | (21) |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
2.2.2 Specific Issues Regarding Lost Profits |
|
|
52 | (20) |
|
2.3 Disgorgement of Infringer's Profit |
|
|
72 | (18) |
|
2.3.1 Theoretical Justifications |
|
|
72 | (2) |
|
2.3.2 Comparative Approaches to Disgorgement |
|
|
74 | (6) |
|
2.3.3 Specific Issues Regarding Disgorgement |
|
|
80 | (10) |
3 Enhanced Damages, Litigation Cost Recovery, and Interest |
|
90 | (25) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
|
91 | (13) |
|
3.2.1 Approaches to Enhanced Damages |
|
|
91 | (5) |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
3.2.3 Policy Considerations Relating to Enhanced Damages |
|
|
97 | (6) |
|
3.2.4 Recommendations and Further Research |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
3.3 Litigation Cost Recovery |
|
|
104 | (7) |
|
3.3.1 Approaches to Litigation Cost Recovery |
|
|
104 | (4) |
|
3.3.2 Economic Theory and Empirical Research on the Effects of Cost Recovery |
|
|
108 | (2) |
|
3.3.3 Recommendations for Best Practices and Future Research |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
3.4 Pre- and Post-judgment Interest |
|
|
111 | (4) |
|
3.4.1 Approaches in Selected Countries |
|
|
111 | (3) |
|
3.4.2 Recommendations for Best Practices and Future Research |
|
|
114 | (1) |
4 Injunctive Relief |
|
115 | (45) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
|
115 | (10) |
|
4.2.1 Nature of Patent Rights and Injunctions |
|
|
115 | (3) |
|
4.2.2 Economic Analysis and Complex Products |
|
|
118 | (4) |
|
4.2.3 Preliminary v. Permanent Injunctions |
|
|
122 | (3) |
|
4.3 Comparative Overview of Injunction Practices |
|
|
125 | (19) |
|
|
125 | (2) |
|
|
127 | (7) |
|
|
134 | (7) |
|
|
141 | (2) |
|
4.3.5 International Context and TRIPS |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
|
144 | (16) |
|
4.4.1 Basic Principles for Injunctive Relief |
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
|
145 | (10) |
|
4.4.3 Tailoring Injunctive Relief |
|
|
155 | (2) |
|
4.4.4 Ongoing Royalty in Lieu of Injunctive Relief |
|
|
157 | (3) |
5 The Effect of FRAND Commitments on Patent Remedies |
|
160 | (42) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
5.2 FRAND Commitments and Monetary Patent Damages |
|
|
161 | (10) |
|
|
162 | (3) |
|
5.2.2 European Union - Applicability of Huawei v. ZTE to Monetary Remedies |
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
5.2.3 National Damages Laws |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
5.2.4 Discussion and Analysis: Monetary Damages and FRAND |
|
|
167 | (4) |
|
5.3 FRAND Commitments and Injunctive Relief |
|
|
171 | (20) |
|
|
171 | (4) |
|
|
175 | (10) |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
|
185 | (2) |
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
5.3.6 Discussion and Analysis: FRAND and Injunctions |
|
|
188 | (3) |
|
Appendix National Law Considerations for Monetary FRAND Damages |
|
|
191 | (11) |
|
|
191 | (2) |
|
|
193 | (6) |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
|
200 | (2) |
6 The Effect of Competition Law on Patent Remedies |
|
202 | (37) |
|
|
|
|
202 | (2) |
|
6.2 Objectives of Intellectual Property and Competition Law |
|
|
204 | (5) |
|
6.3 Antitrust Liability for Enforcement or Exploitation of Patents |
|
|
209 | (23) |
|
|
209 | (2) |
|
6.3.2 Antitrust Limits on a Patent Holder Seeking Restorative Patent Remedies (and Judicial Exploitation of Patents) |
|
|
211 | (8) |
|
6.3.3 Antitrust Limits on the Commercial Exploitation of Patents |
|
|
219 | (13) |
|
|
232 | (4) |
|
|
236 | (3) |
7 Holdup, Holdout, and Royalty Stacking: A Review of the Literature |
|
239 | (64) |
|
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
7.2 Benchmark Return to Patentee |
|
|
239 | (15) |
|
7.2.1 A Share of the Discounted Incremental Ex Ante Value: θβν |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
7.2.2 Incremental Value Over Best Alternative: ν |
|
|
240 | (6) |
|
7.2.3 Bargaining Power Discount: β |
|
|
246 | (8) |
|
|
254 | (17) |
|
7.3.1 Varieties of Holdup |
|
|
254 | (17) |
|
7.4 Mitigating Mechanisms |
|
|
271 | (5) |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
7.4.3 Ex Ante Validity Challenge |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
|
273 | (3) |
|
7.5 Property Rules and Liability Rules |
|
|
276 | (8) |
|
7.5.1 Inaccuracy of Damages Awards |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
7.5.2 Transaction Cost Arguments |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
7.5.3 Generating Information Regarding Potential Use |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
7.5.4 Inaccuracy of Damages Assessment |
|
|
278 | (5) |
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
7.6 Holdout/Reverse Holdup |
|
|
284 | (5) |
|
|
284 | (3) |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
7.6.3 Undercompensatory Damages |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
7.6.4 Oligopoly Pricing in SSOs |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
|
289 | (5) |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
7.7.2 Cumulative Effect of Holdup |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
7.7.3 Cournot Complements |
|
|
290 | (4) |
|
|
294 | (9) |
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
|
294 | (5) |
|
7.8.3 Testing of Empirical Models |
|
|
299 | (3) |
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
|
302 | (1) |
Bibliography |
|
303 | (35) |
Index |
|
338 | |