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1 | (14) |
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Epidemiology of Cancer: an Overview |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (2) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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Grading and Staging of Cancer |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (6) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (3) |
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14 | (1) |
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Section II Pathophysiology of Cancer |
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15 | (212) |
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Role of DNA Methylation in Cancer and Chemotherapy |
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17 | (1) |
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Maintenance of Methylation Patterns in Genomic DNA |
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18 | (1) |
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Role of DNA Hypermethylation in Tumorigenesis |
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18 | (3) |
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DNA Hypomethylation in Tumor Development |
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21 | (1) |
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DNA Methylation and Chemotherapeutic Response |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (6) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (5) |
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Metals, Metalloids, and Cancer |
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Introduction: Metals and Metalloids |
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29 | (1) |
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Epidemiology: the Case for Metals and Cancer |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (3) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Cancer Causation by Metals |
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34 | (3) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species |
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35 | (1) |
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Effects on Signal Transduction and Apoptosis |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (4) |
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38 | (3) |
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Molecular Mechanisms of Asbestos- and Silica-Induced Lung Cancer |
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41 | (1) |
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Basic Molecular Events in Carcinogenesis |
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42 | (6) |
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Genomic Damage, the Earliest Step in Carcinogenesis |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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DNA Damage Response Signals |
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44 | (1) |
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Impaired Apoptotic Responses Speed Up Carcinogenesis |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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Linkage between Silica and Lung Cancer |
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48 | (3) |
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Silica Induces DNA Strand Breaks |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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Asbestos, a Potent and Established Carcinogen |
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51 | (3) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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AP-1, a Molecular Switch for Asbestos-Induced Carcinogenesis |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (9) |
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54 | (9) |
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Involvement of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Lung Cancer: Clinical Importance |
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63 | (1) |
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Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) |
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64 | (3) |
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c-Met Receptor Tyrosine Kinase |
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64 | (1) |
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c-Kit Receptor Tyrosine Kinase |
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65 | (1) |
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EGFR Receptor Tyrosine Kinase |
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66 | (1) |
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Role of c-Met, c-Kit, and EGFR |
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67 | (6) |
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Role of Reactive Oxygen Species |
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73 | (1) |
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Receptor Tyrosine Kinases as Target for Anti-Cancer Therapy |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (5) |
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75 | (4) |
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Free Radicals, Environmental Radiation, and Cancer |
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79 | (2) |
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Unimolecular Radical Reactions |
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80 | (1) |
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Radical--Molecule Interaction: Addition to Unsaturated Systems |
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80 | (1) |
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Radical--Molecule Interaction: SH2 (Substitution Homolytic Bimolecular) Reactions |
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80 | (1) |
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Radical--Molecule Interaction: Reaction with Oxidizing Agents |
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80 | (1) |
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Radical--Radical Interaction: Dimerization or Radical Coupling |
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81 | (1) |
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Radical Disproportionation |
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81 | (1) |
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Radiation Biology and Cancer |
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81 | (2) |
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Radiation and the Environment |
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83 | (7) |
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86 | (4) |
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Smokeless Tobacco, Oxidative Stress, and Oral Cancer |
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90 | (1) |
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Preparation of Smokeless Tobacco Extract (STE) |
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91 | (1) |
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Smokeless Tobacco Extract, Free-Radical Formation, and Lipid Peroxidation |
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91 | (1) |
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Smokeless-Tobacco-Induced Excretion of Urinary Metabolites |
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92 | (1) |
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Smokeless Tobacco Extract, Cytotoxicity, and LDH Leakage in J774A.1 Macrophage and Peritoneal Macrophage Cells |
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92 | (1) |
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Smokeless Tobacco Extract and Free-Radical Scavenging Effects of Common Antioxidants in Macrophage Cells |
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93 | (1) |
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Subchronic Effects of Smokeless Tobacco Extract on Hepatic Lipid Peroxidation and the Increased Excretion of Urinary Metabolites |
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93 | (1) |
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Chronic Effects of Smokeless Tobacco on the Histopathology of Rat Livers and Induction of HSP90 |
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94 | (1) |
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Cell Viability and Trypan Blue Exclusion Technique of Normal Human Oral Keratinocytes (NHOK) Treated with STE |
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94 | (1) |
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Smokeless Tobacco and Superoxide Anion Production in Human Oral Keratinocytes |
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95 | (1) |
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Smokeless Tobacco and Lipid Peroxidation of Human Oral Keratinocytes |
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95 | (1) |
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Smokeless Tobacco and Change in Intracellular Oxidation States by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy |
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95 | (1) |
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Smokeless Tobacco Induces Protein Kinase C (PKC) Activation in Human Oral Keratinocytes |
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96 | (1) |
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Smokeless Tobacco and DNA Fragmentation in Human Oral Keratinocytes |
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97 | (1) |
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Smokeless Tobacco and DNA Ladder Analysis in Human Oral Keratinocytes |
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97 | (1) |
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Smokeless Tobacco and Apoptosis in Human Oral Keratinocytes by Flow Cytometry and DNA Cell Cycle Analysis |
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98 | (1) |
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Effect of STE on Cell Viability as Determined by MTT, 3-[ 4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide] Assay |
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98 | (1) |
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STE-Induced Alterations in p53 and Bcl-2 Gene in NHOK Cells |
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99 | (2) |
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101 | (4) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (3) |
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The Regulatory Roles of Estrogen in Carcinogenesis: an Overview |
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105 | (2) |
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Roles of Estrogen in Tumorigenesis: from Tissue Culture to Humans |
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107 | (1) |
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Roles of Estrogen in Angiogenesis |
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108 | (1) |
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Roles of Estrogen in Controlling the Positive and Negative Regulators of Angiogenesis |
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109 | (1) |
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Mechanism of Actions of Estrogen in Carcinogenesis: Genomic and Nongenomic Actions |
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110 | (2) |
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Role of Coactivators and Cosuppressors in the Mediation of Estrogen Action |
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112 | (1) |
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Phytoestrogens and Carcinogenesis |
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112 | (1) |
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Conclusions and Future Directions |
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113 | (10) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (9) |
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Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) and Colorectal Cancer |
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123 | (1) |
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Definition of Chemoprevention |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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Human NSAID Intervention Studies |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (4) |
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Possible Mechanisms of CRC Chemoprevention by Aspirin |
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127 | (2) |
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129 | (2) |
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Chemistry and COX Activity |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (1) |
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CRC Occurrence while Undergoing Sulindac Treatment |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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Exisulind (Sulindac Sulfone, FGN-1) in FAP |
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132 | (1) |
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Chemoprevention and CRC: Genetic Models |
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132 | (1) |
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Adenoma Regression in FAP |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (2) |
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Will NSAIDs Replace Screening and Prophylactic Colectomy in FAP? |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (8) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (8) |
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Current Perspectives in Gastric Adenocarcinoma |
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143 | (1) |
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Incidence and Epidemiology |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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Classification and Prognosis |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (2) |
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149 | (2) |
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Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (2) |
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Barrett's Esophagus and EAC |
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155 | (2) |
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Staging and Preoperative Evaluation |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (2) |
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161 | (2) |
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Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Cancer |
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163 | (1) |
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Helicobacter pylori as a Pathogen |
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163 | (3) |
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163 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Helicobacter Pylori |
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164 | (1) |
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Cag A Protein and Cag Pathogenicity Island |
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165 | (1) |
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Clinical Aspects of Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastritis |
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166 | (1) |
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Historical Human Experiments |
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166 | (1) |
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Clinical Aspects: Diagnosis and Eradication |
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166 | (1) |
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Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Cancer |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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Helicobacter pylori and Malignant Lymphoma |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (2) |
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169 | (2) |
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Free Radicals, Oxidative Stress, and Cancer |
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171 | (1) |
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Free Radicals in Biological Systems and in the Environment |
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172 | (2) |
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Pathophysiological Conditions for Free-Radical Generation in Biological Systems |
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172 | (1) |
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Leakage from Damaged Mitochondrial Chain |
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173 | (1) |
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Reactions Involving Iron and Other Transition Metals |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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Externally Generated Sources of Free Radicals |
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174 | (1) |
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Role of Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Carcinogenesis |
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174 | (5) |
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Free-Radical-Induced Modifications of Biomolecules |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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Inflammation-Associated Carcinogenesis |
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176 | (1) |
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Oxidative Stress, Signaling Pathways, and Transcriptional Factors Associated with Carcinogenesis |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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NF-κB and AP-1 Activation and Induced Transformation Response |
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178 | (1) |
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Free Radicals in Carcinogenesis and Apoptosis: The Critical Balance |
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179 | (1) |
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Treatment and Protection Strategies |
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180 | (1) |
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Exposure to Free-Radical Generating Systems and Environmental Carcinogens |
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180 | (1) |
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Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs |
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180 | (1) |
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Genes Involved in Chronic Inflammation |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (7) |
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181 | (7) |
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Biotransformation and Mechanism of Action of Xenobiotics: What Lessons from the Past 40 Years? |
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8-Methoxypsoralen (8-MOP): the ``Obscure'' Role of Oxygen |
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188 | (1) |
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Xenobiotics with Redox-Dependent Toxicity in Werner Syndrome and Fanconi Anemia: the Oxidative Stress Link |
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189 | (3) |
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P450 and Other Oxygen-Dependent Biotransformations: the Janus Facies of the Aerobic Lifestyle |
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192 | (1) |
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Conclusions: What Lessons? |
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192 | (5) |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (4) |
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197 | (1) |
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Etiology of Overweight and Obesity |
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198 | (1) |
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Problems in Estimating Fat Gain and Loss |
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198 | (1) |
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Association of Obesity with Cancer |
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199 | (1) |
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Pathogenesis behind These Associations |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (4) |
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202 | (3) |
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Hemangioendothelioma as a Model to Study the Antiangiogenic Effects of Dietary Chemopreventive Agents In Vivo |
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205 | (1) |
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Endothelial Cell Neoplasms as an Experimental Model |
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206 | (2) |
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Endothelial Cell Neoplasms as a Model of Angiogenesis |
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206 | (1) |
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Murine Models of Endothelial Cell Neoplasms |
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206 | (1) |
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Clinical Relevance of the Endothelial Cell Neoplasm Model |
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206 | (2) |
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The Rationale for Using Dietary Chemopreventive Strategies to Inhibit Angiogenesis |
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208 | (1) |
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Advantages of Using Dietary Chemopreventive Strategies |
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208 | (1) |
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In Vivo Evidence of Feasibility |
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208 | (1) |
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In Vitro Evidence to Support Inhibition of Angiogenesis by Dietary Chemoprevention |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (6) |
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209 | (6) |
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Modulation of Late Adverse Effects of Curative Radiation Therapy for Cancer |
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Introduction: Risk and Severity of Late Adverse Effects Impose Limit on Total Dose of Curative Radiotherapy |
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215 | (1) |
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Pathogenesis of Late Radiation-Induced Adverse Effects |
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216 | (1) |
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Fibrosis Contributes to Late Radiation Adverse Events |
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216 | (1) |
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Pathogenesis of Fibrosis in Response to Radiation Injury May Be Related to Vascular Injury |
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216 | (1) |
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Proof of Principle That Late Radiation Adverse Effects Can Be Modified |
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217 | (5) |
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Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO) Therapy |
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217 | (1) |
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Rationale for Testing Hyperbaric Oxygen |
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217 | (1) |
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HBO for Mandibular Osteo-Radionecrosis and Soft Tissue Radionecrosis |
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217 | (1) |
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HBO for Radiation-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis |
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218 | (1) |
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HBO for Radiation-Induced Bowel Injury, Including Proctitis |
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218 | (1) |
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HBO for Radiation-Induced Brachial Plexopathy (Nerve Damage) |
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218 | (1) |
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HBO for Radiation-Induced Arm Lymphedema (Arm Swelling) |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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Rationale for Testing Antioxidants |
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220 | (1) |
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Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) |
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220 | (1) |
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Pentoxifylline and Tocopherol (Vitamin E) |
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220 | (1) |
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Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract (GSPE) |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (5) |
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222 | (5) |
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Section III Phytopharmaceuticals and Chemoprevention |
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227 | (410) |
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Development of Selected Phytochemicals for Cancer Chemoprevention |
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Drug Development Overview |
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229 | (2) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (2) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (3) |
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234 | (3) |
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Phytochemicals as Potential Cancer Chemopreventive Agents |
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237 | (1) |
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Chemoprevention by Phytochemicals Present in Foods |
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238 | (1) |
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Discovery of New Phytochemicals as Chemopreventive Agents |
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239 | (4) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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Selection of Secondary Screening Systems |
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240 | (1) |
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Mouse Mammary Gland Organ Culture (MMOC) Assay |
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240 | (1) |
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Aberrant Crypt Foci (ACF) Assay |
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241 | (1) |
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Structural Characterization of Potential Chemopreventive Agents |
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241 | (1) |
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Efficacy in Experimental Carcinogenesis Models |
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241 | (2) |
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From Candidate to Clinical Trial |
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243 | (2) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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Group Size and Power Calculations |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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Molecular Targets and Surrogate Endpoints as Biomarkers |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (2) |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (2) |
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History of Natural Supplements in Cancer Therapy and Prevention |
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Gottumukkala V. Subbaraju |
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247 | (1) |
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Cancer and Ayurveda: an Overview |
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248 | (1) |
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Role of Natural Products in Cancer Cure |
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249 | (4) |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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Natural Supplements in the Prevention of Cancers |
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253 | (5) |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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Antioxidants Useful as Adjuncts to Radiation Therapy |
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258 | (2) |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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Natural Products That Were Developed into Anticancer Drugs |
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260 | (2) |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (10) |
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264 | (8) |
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Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and β-Carotene in Cancer Chemoprevention |
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Antioxidant and Other Biological Functions |
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272 | (3) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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Potential Mechanisms for Cancer Chemoprevention |
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275 | (9) |
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275 | (1) |
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|
276 | (1) |
|
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
|
|
277 | (4) |
|
Inhibition of Nitrosation |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
Modulation of Cell Signaling Resulting in Antiproliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
Enhancement of Immune System Function |
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
Evidence for Cancer Chemoprevention |
|
|
284 | (10) |
|
Inhibition of Carcinogenesis in Animal Models |
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
Prospective Cohort Studies |
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
|
|
285 | (2) |
|
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
Intervention Trials: Cancer |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
Esophageal and Gastric Cancer |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
Why Did β-Carotene Supplementation Increase Lung Cancer Risk in the ATBC and CARET Studies? |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
Intervention Trials: Precancerous Lesions and Surrogate Endpoint Biomarkers |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
Colorectal Adenomas and Colorectal Epithelial Cell Proliferation |
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
Helicobacter pylori Infection and Precancerous Lesions of Gastric Mucosa |
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
|
|
294 | (17) |
|
|
|
296 | (15) |
|
Roles of Polyphenols, Flavonoids, and Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins in Cancer Chemoprevention |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
Phytochemicals in Cancer Chemoprevention |
|
|
312 | (8) |
|
OPCs and Their Role In Vivo |
|
|
320 | (2) |
|
|
|
322 | (3) |
|
OPC and Cell-Cycle Analysis |
|
|
325 | (2) |
|
OPC and Metalloproteinases |
|
|
327 | (3) |
|
OPC's Role in DNA Damage and DNA Repair |
|
|
330 | (2) |
|
OPCs and Programmed Cell Death |
|
|
332 | (5) |
|
|
|
337 | (2) |
|
|
|
339 | (11) |
|
|
|
344 | (6) |
|
Curcumin Derived from Turmeric (Curcuma longa): a Spice for All Seasons |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
Anticancer Properties of Curcumin |
|
|
351 | (8) |
|
Curcumin Inhibits Tumorigenesis |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Exhibits Antiproliferative Effects against Cancer Cells |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Down-Regulates the Activity of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Expression of HER2/neu |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Down-Regulates the Activation of Nuclear Factor-κB (Nf-κB) |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Down-Regulates the Activation of STAT3 Pathway |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Activates Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Down-Regulates the Activation of Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) and C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Suppresses the Induction of Adhesion Molecules |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Down-Regulates Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Expression |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Inhibits Angiogenesis |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Suppresses the Expression of MMP9 and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Down-Regulates Cyclin DI Expression |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Is Chemopreventive |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Inhibits Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Animals |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Inhibits Androgen Receptors and AR-Related Cofactors |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
Effect of Curcumin on Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Infarction |
|
|
359 | (4) |
|
Curcumin Inhibits the Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Lowers Serum Cholesterol Levels |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Inhibits LDL Oxidation |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Inhibits Platelet Aggregation |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Inhibits Myocardial Infarction |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
Other Effects of Curcumin |
|
|
363 | (10) |
|
Curcumin Suppresses Diabetes |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Stimulates Muscle Regeneration |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Enhances Wound Healing |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Suppresses Symptoms Associated with Arthritis |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Reduces the Incidence of Cholesterol Gallstone Formation |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Modulates Multiple Sclerosis |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Blocks the Replication of HIV |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Affects Alzheimer's Disease |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Protects against Cataract Formation |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Protects from Drug-Induced Myocardial Toxicity |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Protects from Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Protects from Drug-Induced Lung Injury |
|
|
369 | (2) |
|
Curcumin Prevents Adriamycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Protects from Scarring |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Protects from Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Enhances the Immunosuppressive Activity of Cyclosporine |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Protects against Various Forms of Stress |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Protects against Endotoxin Shock |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Protects against Pancreatitis |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
Curcumin Inhibits Multidrug Resistance (MDR) |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
Clinical Experience with Curcumin |
|
|
374 | (2) |
|
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
|
378 | (12) |
|
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
|
|
379 | (11) |
|
Tea in Chemoprevention of Cancer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tea and Cancer: an Introduction |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
Consumption, Composition, and Chemistry of Tea |
|
|
391 | (3) |
|
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
Anticarcinogenic Effects of Tea: Experimental Studies |
|
|
394 | (9) |
|
Prevention against Skin Tumorigenesis |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Prevention against Skin Tumor Initiation |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Prevention against Skin Tumor Promotion |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Prevention against Stage I and Stage II Skin Tumor Promotion |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
Prevention against Malignant Conversion of Chemically Induced Benign Skin Papillomas to Carcinomas |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
Prevention against UVB Radiation-Induced Photocarcinogenesis |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
Effect on the Growth of Established Skin Tumors |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
Prevention against Forestomach and Lung Tumorigenesis |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
Prevention against Esophageal Tumorigenesis |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
Prevention against Duodenum and Small Intestine Tumorigenesis |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
Prevention against Colon Tumorigenesis |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
Prevention against Liver Tumorigenesis |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
Prevention against Mammary Carcinogenesis |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
Prevention against Pancreatic Carcinogenesis |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
Prevention against Prostate Carcinogenesis |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
Modulatory Effect of Green Tea on Cancer Chemotherapy |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
Cell-Specific Biological Effects of Tea |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Tea |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
Prevention against Tpa-Caused Inflammatory Responses |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
Prevention against UVB Radiation-Caused Inflammatory Responses |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
Prevention against UVB Radiation-Induced Immunosuppression |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
Inhibition of Tumor Promoter-Caused Induction of Cytokines |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
Mechanisms of Biological Effects of Tea |
|
|
404 | (7) |
|
Prevention against Mutagenicity and Genotoxicity |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
Inhibition of Biochemical Markers of Tumor Initiation: Cytochrome P450-Dependent Metabolism |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
Inhibition of Biochemical Markers of Tumor Promotion |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
Effects on Detoxification Enzymes |
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
Trapping of Activated Metabolites of Carcinogens |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
Antioxidant and Free-Radical Scavenging Activity |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
Inhibition of Tumor Angiogenesis by Tea |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
Recent Advances in the Mechanisms of Biological Effects of Tea |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
Green Tea Modulates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
EGCG Inhibits Urokinase Activity |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
Green Tea Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
EGCG Suppresses Extracellular Signals and Cell Proliferation through EGF Receptor Binding |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
EGCG Down-Regulates Nuclear Transcription Factor-κB |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
EGCG and Theaflavins Inhibit Tumor Promoter-Induced Activator Protein 1 Activation and Cell Transformation |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Tea and Cancer: Epidemiological Studies |
|
|
411 | (4) |
|
Cancer of the Esophagus and Nasopharynx |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Cancer of the Bladder, Kidney, and Urinary Tract |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
Cancer of the Colon, Rectum, and Uterus |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
Cancer of the Liver, Lung, Breast, and Pancreas |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
Conclusion and Future Directions |
|
|
415 | (13) |
|
|
|
417 | (11) |
|
Phytoestrogens in Cancer Prevention: Characterization and Beneficial Effects of Kurarinone, a New Flavanone and a Major Phytoestrogen Constituent of Sophora flavescens Ait |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
428 | (2) |
|
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
Biological Effects of Phytoestrogens |
|
|
430 | (3) |
|
Estrogenic and Antiestrogenic Activities of Phytoestrogens |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
Effects on Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
Effects on Menstrual Cycle Length and Endogenous Hormones |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
Angiogenesis and Endothelial Cell Proliferation |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
Antioxidant Efficacy of Phytoestrogens |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
Anti-inflammatory Effects |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
Potential Health Benefits of Phytoestrogens |
|
|
433 | (3) |
|
|
|
433 | (2) |
|
Relief of Menopausal Ailments |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
Osteoporosis Amelioration |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
Prevention of Neurodegenerative Disorders |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
Isolation and Characterization of Kurarinone |
|
|
436 | (6) |
|
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
Extraction of Polyphenols |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
Estrogen-Dependent In Vitro Bioassays |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
Cell Proliferation In Vitro Bioassay |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
Bioassay-Guided Fractionation of the Polyphenolic Extract of Sophora flavescens Ait |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
Isolation and Identification of an Estrogenically Active Component from Sophora flavescens Ait |
|
|
439 | (3) |
|
Screening for Anticancer Activity |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
|
442 | (7) |
|
|
|
444 | (5) |
|
Resveratrol in the Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy of Breast Cancer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Chemical Structure of Resveratrol |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Resveratrol: Estrogen or Antiestrogen in Mammary Epithelial Cells? |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
Effect of Resveratrol on Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation In Vitro |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
Mechanism of Inhibition of Breast Cancer |
|
|
453 | (2) |
|
Effect of Resveratrol on Cell Cycle and Apoptosis |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
Inhibition of Autocrine Growth-Factor Loops by Resveratrol |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
Stimulation of Autocrine Growth Inhibitors |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
Induction of Cell Differentiation |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
Cyclooxygenase Inhibition |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
Resveratrol in Other Cancers |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
Effect of Resveratrol In Vivo |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
Bioavailability of Trans-Resveratrol |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
Benefits of Using Resveratrol |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
|
|
457 | (8) |
|
|
|
457 | (8) |
|
Berries and Fruits in Cancer Chemoprevention |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Cancer |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
Major Phytochemicals in Berries |
|
|
467 | (2) |
|
Studies of Fruit Phytochemicals on Carcinoma Cell Lines or Other In Vitro Systems |
|
|
469 | (4) |
|
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
Fruits and Berries and Cancer Prevention in Animal Models |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
|
|
474 | (7) |
|
|
|
475 | (6) |
|
Palm Tocotrienols and Cancer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
Vitamin E Content of Palm Oil |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
Extraction of Palm Vitamin E |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
Vitamin E Activity of Tocotrienols |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
Metabolic Fate of Tocotrienols |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
Antioxidant Properties of Tocotrienols |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
Anticancer Properties of Tocotrienols |
|
|
486 | (3) |
|
|
|
489 | (2) |
|
|
|
489 | (2) |
|
Pycnogenol® in Cancer Chemoprevention |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
Cancer as a Disease Characterized by Unbalanced Redox Conditions |
|
|
493 | (2) |
|
Phytochemical Antioxidants as Preventive Factors in Cancer Development |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
Antioxidant Capacity of Pycnogenol |
|
|
496 | (2) |
|
Specific Binding to Proteins and Enzyme Inhibition |
|
|
498 | (2) |
|
New Avenues To Explore by Using New Approaches |
|
|
500 | (2) |
|
|
|
502 | (7) |
|
|
|
503 | (6) |
|
Overview of the Use of Maitake Mushroom and Fraction D in Cancer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
Beta-Glucans: an Introduction |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
Immune-Enhancing Functions of Beta-Glucans |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
Therapeutic Action of Beta-Glucans |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
Maitake and Beta-Glucans: Research on Health Benefits |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
Effects of Maitake on Side Effects of Chemotherapy |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
|
|
514 | (5) |
|
|
|
515 | (4) |
|
Taxol in Cancer Treatment and Chemoprevention |
|
|
|
|
|
Historical Uses of Taxus (Yew) |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
The Historical Discovery of Taxol (Paclitaxel) |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
Clinical Applications of Taxol and Taxotere |
|
|
521 | (2) |
|
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
|
|
523 | (2) |
|
|
|
523 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
What Is Lycopene and Where Is It Available? |
|
|
525 | (2) |
|
The Chemistry of Lycopene: Antioxidant and Other Properties |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
Bioavailability of Lycopene |
|
|
528 | (2) |
|
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
Molecular Basis of Lycopene Effects |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
Lycopene in Signal Transduction |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
The combination of Lycopene with Other Molecules in Cancer Growth Inhibition |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
In Vitro Studies of Lycopene Effects on Cancer Cells |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
Animal Studies of Lycopene Effects on Experimental Tumors |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology of Lycopene and Relationship with Cancer Protection |
|
|
534 | (2) |
|
|
|
536 | (5) |
|
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
|
|
536 | (5) |
|
NADH in Cancer Prevention and Therapy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Biological Functions of NADH |
|
|
541 | (6) |
|
NADH Is the Fuel for Cellular Energy Production |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
NADH Increases the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
Extracellular NADH Increases Intracellular ATP Production in Heart Cells |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
NADH Plays a Key Role in DNA and Cell Damage Repair |
|
|
543 | (3) |
|
NADH Stimulates Cellular Immune Functions |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
NADH Is the Most Powerful Antioxidant |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
ENADA: The Stabilized Orally Absorbable Form of NADH |
|
|
547 | (2) |
|
Bioavailability of ENADA-NADH |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
ENADA--NADH: A Protector against Chemotoxicity and Radiation |
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
ENADA-NADH as Therapeutic Concept for Certain Human Cancers |
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
|
|
549 | (2) |
|
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
Mechanism of Action of NADH |
|
|
551 | (4) |
|
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
|
|
551 | (4) |
|
Astaxanthin and Cancer Chemoprevention |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
Antioxidants and Cancer Prevention |
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
Fruits, Vegetables, and Carotenoids |
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
The β-Carotene Hypothesis |
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
Dietary Carotenoids Other than β-Carotene |
|
|
557 | (2) |
|
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
α-Carotene and β-Cryptoxanthin |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
Canthaxanthin, Astaxanthin, and Others |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
Properties of Astaxanthin |
|
|
559 | (2) |
|
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
|
559 | (2) |
|
Astaxanthin as a Potential Cancer Preventative |
|
|
561 | (3) |
|
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
Possible Mechanisms of Action |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
Gene Regulation and Other Mechanisms |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
Safety and Metabolism of Dietary Astaxanthin |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
|
|
565 | (10) |
|
|
|
566 | (9) |
|
Chemopreventive Effects of Selected Spice Ingredients |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
Dietary Prevention of Cancer: an Overview |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
|
|
576 | (23) |
|
|
|
576 | (4) |
|
Ginger and Related Rhizomes of Zingiberaceae Family |
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
|
|
585 | (2) |
|
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
|
|
587 | (2) |
|
|
|
589 | (2) |
|
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
|
|
591 | (8) |
|
Coenzyme Q10 and Neoplasia: Overview of Experimental and Clinical Evidence |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Integration of Cancer, Immune System, Aging, and Coenzyme Q10 |
|
|
599 | (16) |
|
|
|
599 | (2) |
|
Coenzyme Q, Mitochondria, and Bioenergetics |
|
|
601 | (7) |
|
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
Coenzyme Q10: Animal Studies |
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
Coenzyme Q10: Clinical Studies |
|
|
610 | (2) |
|
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
|
|
613 | (2) |
|
Interference between Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis and Drugs Commonly Used in Clinical Practice |
|
|
615 | (2) |
|
Coenzyme Q10: Safety Considerations |
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
Reflections and Concluding Thoughts |
|
|
618 | (6) |
|
|
|
618 | (6) |
|
Probiotics in the Prevention of Cancer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
|
|
624 | (2) |
|
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
Pro-Carcinogenic Substances |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
Anticarcinogenic Substances |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
Anatomy and Physiology of the Colon |
|
|
626 | (2) |
|
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
Role and Functions of Colonic Bacteria |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
Factors Affecting Colonic Microflora |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
Definitions: Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
Microbial Ecology of the Human Gut |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Prevention of Colorectal Cancer |
|
|
630 | (3) |
|
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
Inhibition of Mutagenic Metabolic Activity of Intestinal Microflora |
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
Suppression of Tumor Activities |
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
Enhancing the Host's Immune Response |
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
Production of Protective Metabolities |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
Alteration of Physico-Chemical Conditions in Colon |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
Clinical Trials Using Probiotics in the Treatment of Other Cancers |
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
|
|
633 | (4) |
|
|
|
634 | (1) |
|
|
|
634 | (3) |
|
Section IV Concluding Remarks |
|
|
637 | (8) |
|
Do Dietary Antioxidants Really Help Prevent or Treat Cancer? |
|
|
639 | (4) |
|
|
|
Who Gets Cancer? Do Healthy Foods, Healthy Living, and Natural Antioxidants Really Help? |
|
|
643 | (2) |
|
|
| Concluding Remarks |
|
645 | (2) |
| Index |
|
647 | |
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