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E-grāmata: Power Quality [Taylor & Francis e-book]

(Electro-Test Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA)
  • Formāts: 216 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 05-Sep-2019
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781315220161
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  • Taylor & Francis e-book
  • Cena: 315,72 €*
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  • Standarta cena: 451,03 €
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Power QualityPalielināt
  • Formāts: 216 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 05-Sep-2019
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781315220161
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Taylor & Francis e-booksMore info about Taylor & Francis e-books
Rokasgrāmatas mājas lapa: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315220161
Frequency disturbances, transients, grounding, interferencethe issues related to power quality are many, and solutions to power quality problems can be complex. However, by combining theory and practice to develop a qualitative analysis of power quality, the issues become relatively straightforward, and one can begin to find solutions to power quality problems confronted in the real world.

Power Quality builds the foundation designers, engineers, and technicians need to survive in the current power system environment. It treats power system theory and power quality principles as interdependent entities, and balances these with a wealth of practical examples and data drawn from the author's 30 years of experience in the design, testing, and trouble-shooting of power systems. It compares different power quality measurement instruments and details ways to correctly interpret power quality data. It also presents alternative solutions to power quality problems and compares them for feasibility and economic viability.

Power quality problems can have serious consequences, from loss of productivity to loss of life, but they can be easily prevented. You simply need a good understanding of electrical power quality and its impact on the performance of power systems. By changing the domain of power quality from one of theory to one of practice, this book imparts that understanding and will develop your ability to effectively measure, test, and resolve power quality problems.
Chapter 1 Introduction to Power Quality
1(24)
1.1 Definition of Power Quality
1(1)
1.2 Power Quality Progression
1(1)
1.3 Power Quality Terminology
2(7)
1.4 Power Quality Issues
9(4)
1.5 Susceptibility Criteria
13(5)
1.5.1 Cause and Effect
13(1)
1.5.2 Treatment Criteria
13(2)
1.5.3 Power Quality Weak Link
15(1)
1.5.4 Interdependence
16(1)
1.5.5 Stress-Strain Criteria
17(1)
1.5.6 Power Quality vs. Equipment Immunity
17(1)
1.6 Responsibilities of the Suppliers and Users of Electrical Power
18(2)
1.7 Power Quality Standards
20(3)
1.8 Conclusions
23(2)
Chapter 2 Power Frequency Disturbance
25(20)
2.1 Introduction
25(1)
2.2 Common Power Frequency Disturbances
25(9)
2.2.1 Voltage Sags
25(9)
2.3 Cures for Low-Frequency Disturbances
34(6)
2.3.1 Isolation Transformers
34(2)
2.3.2 Voltage Regulators
36(1)
2.3.3 Static Uninterruptible Power Source Systems
37(2)
2.3.4 Rotary Uninterruptible Power Source Units
39(1)
2.4 Voltage Tolerance Criteria
40(4)
2.5 Conclusions
44(1)
Chapter 3 Electrical Transients
45(26)
3.1 Introduction
45(1)
3.2 Transient System Model
46(2)
3.3 Examples of Transient Models and Their Response
48(5)
3.3.1 Application of DC Voltage to a Capacitor
48(1)
3.3.2 Application of DC Voltage to an Inductor
49(4)
3.4 Power System Transient Model
53(3)
3.5 Types and Causes of Transients
56(7)
3.5.1 Atmospheric Causes
56(2)
3.5.2 Switching Loads On or Off
58(2)
3.5.3 Interruption of Fault Circuits
60(1)
3.5.4 Capacitor Bank Switching
61(2)
3.6 Examples of Transient Waveforms
63(4)
3.6.1 Motor Start Transient
63(1)
3.6.2 Power Factor Correction Capacitor Switching Transient
63(1)
3.6.3 Medium Voltage Capacitor Bank Switching Transient
64(1)
3.6.4 Voltage Notch Due to Uninterruptible Power Source Unit
65(1)
3.6.5 Neutral Voltage Swing
65(1)
3.6.6 Sudden Application of Voltage
66(1)
3.6.7 Self-Produced Transients
67(1)
3.7 Conclusions
67(4)
Chapter 4 Harmonics
71(40)
4.1 Definition of Harmonics
71(4)
4.2 Harmonic Number (h)
75(1)
4.3 Odd and Even Order Harmonics
75(1)
4.4 Harmonic Phase Rotation and Phase Angle Relationship
76(4)
4.5 Causes of Voltage and Current Harmonics
80(1)
4.6 Individual and Total Harmonic Distortion
81(3)
4.7 Harmonic Signatures
84(6)
4.7.1 Fluorescent Lighting
84(1)
4.7.2 Adjustable Speed Drives
84(6)
4.7.3 Personal Computer and Monitor
90(1)
4.8 Effect of Harmonics on Power System Devices
90(13)
4.8.1 Transformers
92(2)
4.8.2 AC Motors
94(1)
4.8.3 Capacitor Banks
95(4)
4.8.4 Cables
99(3)
4.8.5 Busways
102(1)
4.8.6 Protective Devices
102(1)
4.9 Guidelines for Harmonic Voltage and Current Limitation
103(1)
4.10 Harmonic Current Mitigation
104(4)
4.10.1 Equipment Design
104(1)
4.10.2 Harmonic Current Cancellation
105(2)
4.10.3 Harmonic Filters
107(1)
4.11 Conclusions
108(3)
Chapter 5 Grounding and Bonding
111(22)
5.1 Introduction
111(1)
5.2 Shock and Fire Hazards
111(2)
5.3 National Electrical Code Grounding Requirements
113(1)
5.4 Essentials of a Grounded System
114(1)
5.5 Ground Electrodes
115(1)
5.6 Earth Resistance Tests
115(4)
5.7 Earth-Ground Grid Systems
119(2)
5.7.1 Ground Rods
119(1)
5.7.2 Plates
120(1)
5.7.3 Ground Ring
120(1)
5.8 Power Ground System
121(1)
5.9 Signal Reference Ground
122(2)
5.10 Signal Reference Ground Methods
124(2)
5.11 Single-Point and Multipoint Grounding
126(1)
5.12 Ground Loops
127(1)
5.13 Electrochemical Reactions Due to Ground Grids
128(1)
5.14 Examples of Grounding Anomalies or Problems
129(3)
5.14.1 Loss of Ground Causes Fatality
129(1)
5.14.2 Stray Ground Loop Currents Cause Computer Damage
130(1)
5.14.3 Ground Noise Causes Adjustable Speed Drives to Shut Down
131(1)
5.15 Conclusions
132(1)
Chapter 6 Power Factor
133(14)
6.1 Introduction
133(1)
6.2 Active and Reactive Power
133(4)
6.3 Displacement and True Power Factor
137(1)
6.4 Power Factor Improvement
137(1)
6.5 Power Factor Correction
137(4)
6.6 Power Factor Penalty
141(1)
6.7 Other Advantages of Power Factor Correction
142(1)
6.8 Voltage Rise Due to Capacitance
142(1)
6.9 Application of Synchronous Condensers
143(1)
6.10 Static VAR Compensators
144(1)
6.11 Conclusions
145(2)
Chapter 7 Electromagnetic Interference
147(18)
7.1 Introduction
147(1)
7.2 Frequency Classification
147(1)
7.3 Electrical Fields
148(1)
7.4 Magnetic Fields
149(2)
7.5 Electromagnetic Interference Terminology
151(3)
7.5.1 Decibel (dB)
151(1)
7.5.2 Radiated Emission
152(1)
7.5.3 Conducted Emission
152(1)
7.5.4 Attenuation
152(1)
7.5.5 Common Mode Rejection Ratio
152(1)
7.5.6 Noise
153(1)
7.5.7 Common Mode Noise
153(1)
7.5.8 Transverse Mode Noise
153(1)
7.5.9 Bandwidth
154(1)
7.5.10 Filter
154(1)
7.5.11 Shielding
154(1)
7.6 Power Frequency Fields
154(3)
7.7 High-Frequency Interference
157(3)
7.8 Electromagnetic Interference Susceptibility
160(1)
7.9 EMI Mitigation
160(2)
7.9.1 Shielding for Radiated Emission
160(1)
7.9.2 Filters for Conducted Emission
160(2)
7.9.3 Device Location to Minimize Interference
162(1)
7.10 Cable Shielding to Minimize Electromagnetic Interference
162(1)
7.11 Health Concerns of Electromagnetic Interference
162(2)
7.12 Conclusions
164(1)
Chapter 8 Static Electricity
165(12)
8.1 Introduction
165(1)
8.2 Triboelectricity
165(2)
8.3 Static Voltage Buildup Criteria
167(2)
8.4 Static Model
169(1)
8.5 Static Control
169(2)
8.6 Static Control Floors
171(1)
8.7 Humidity Control
171(1)
8.8 Ion Compensation
171(1)
8.9 Static-Preventative Casters
172(1)
8.10 Static Floor Requirements
173(1)
8.11 Measurement of Static Voltages
174(1)
8.12 Discharge of Static Potentials
174(2)
8.13 Conclusions
176(1)
Chapter 9 Measuring and Solving Power Quality Problems
177(20)
9.1 Introduction
177(1)
9.2 Power Quality Measurement Devices
177(11)
9.2.1 Harmonic Analyzers
177(2)
9.2.2 Transient-Disturbance Analyzers
179(4)
9.2.3 Oscilloscopes
183(2)
9.2.4 Data Loggers and Chart Recorders
185(2)
9.2.5 True RMS Meters
187(1)
9.3 Power Quality Measurements
188(3)
9.4 Number of Test Locations
191(1)
9.5 Test Duration
191(2)
9.6 Instrument Setup
193(1)
9.7 Instrument Setup Guidelines
194(1)
9.8 Conclusions
195(2)
Index 197
Sankaran, C.
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