Preface |
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xi | |
Acknowledgements |
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xvii | |
About the Authors |
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xix | |
Part I Introduction to Social Research Methods |
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1 | (80) |
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3 | (19) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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From Theory, Concept, or Idea to Operation |
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6 | (9) |
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Role of Theory in Scientific Inquiry |
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15 | (3) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (3) |
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2 Internal and External Validity |
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22 | (23) |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (2) |
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Distinguishing Internal and External Validity |
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27 | (4) |
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Basic Issues of Internal Validity |
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31 | (8) |
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Basic Issues of External Validity |
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39 | (2) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (2) |
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3 Measurement Reliability |
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45 | (19) |
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45 | (8) |
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53 | (8) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (17) |
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Types of Measurement Validity |
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65 | (9) |
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Threats to Measurement Validity |
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74 | (4) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (3) |
Part II Research Design Strategies: Experiments, Quasi-Experiments, and Nonexperiments |
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81 | (136) |
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5 Designing Experiments: Variations on the Basics |
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83 | (18) |
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Basic Variations in Experimental Design |
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83 | (3) |
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Expanding the Number of Experimental Treatments |
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86 | (8) |
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Blocked Designs: Incorporating a Nonexperimental Factor |
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94 | (2) |
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Repeated-Measures Designs and Counterbalancing |
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96 | (2) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (2) |
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6 Constructing Laboratory Experiments |
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101 | (24) |
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Steps for Constructing an Experiment |
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101 | (3) |
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Types of Experimental Manipulations |
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104 | (5) |
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109 | (1) |
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Assignment of Participants to Conditions: Randomization Procedures |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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Social Simulations and Analogue Experiments |
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112 | (8) |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (4) |
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7 External Validity of Laboratory Experiments |
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125 | (16) |
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Generalizability Across Participants |
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126 | (5) |
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Experimenter Expectancy and Bias |
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131 | (4) |
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Three Faces of External Validity |
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135 | (3) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (2) |
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8 Conducting Experiments Outside the Laboratory |
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141 | (18) |
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Research Settings and Issues of Validity |
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142 | (1) |
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Constructing a Field Experiment |
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143 | (6) |
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The Internet as a Site for Experimental Research |
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149 | (6) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (3) |
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9 Nonexperimental Research: Correlational Design and Analyses |
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159 | (26) |
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Analyzing and Interpreting Nonexperimental Research |
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160 | (6) |
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166 | (1) |
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Uses and Misuses of Correlational Analysis |
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167 | (3) |
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170 | (2) |
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Structural Equation Models |
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172 | (9) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (2) |
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10 Quasi-Experiments and Evaluation Research |
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185 | (32) |
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Program Evaluation Research |
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186 | (3) |
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Quasi-Experimental Methods |
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189 | (22) |
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Use of Archival Data in Longitudinal Research |
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211 | (2) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (4) |
Part III Data Collecting Methods |
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217 | (190) |
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11 Survey Studies: Design and Sampling |
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219 | (31) |
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219 | (5) |
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224 | (9) |
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233 | (3) |
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236 | (5) |
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241 | (3) |
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244 | (2) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (3) |
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12 Systematic Observational Methods |
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250 | (30) |
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Three Aspects of Naturalism |
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250 | (3) |
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Observer Involvement in the Naturalistic Setting: The Participatory-Nonparticipatory Distinction |
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253 | (7) |
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260 | (14) |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (4) |
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280 | (23) |
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Modes of Administration: Face-to-Face and Telephone |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (5) |
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286 | (4) |
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290 | (3) |
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Interviewer Characteristics: Establishing Rapport |
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293 | (3) |
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Group Interviews and Focus Groups |
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296 | (2) |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (4) |
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303 | (20) |
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Conducting a Content Analysis |
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304 | (10) |
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314 | (5) |
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319 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (3) |
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15 Questionnaire Design and Scale Construction |
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323 | (19) |
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323 | (3) |
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Constructing Rating Scales |
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326 | (12) |
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338 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (3) |
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16 Indirect and Implicit Measures of Cognition and Affect |
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342 | (28) |
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343 | (1) |
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Information Processing: Attention and Memory |
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344 | (6) |
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Priming: Processing Without Awareness or Intent |
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350 | (8) |
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Social Psychophysiology: Physiological Traces of Affect and Cognitive Processing |
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358 | (5) |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (2) |
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366 | (4) |
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17 Scaling Stimuli: Social Psychophysics |
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370 | (15) |
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371 | (1) |
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Techniques for Stimulus Scaling |
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372 | (5) |
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Multidimensional Scaling Models |
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377 | (5) |
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382 | (1) |
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382 | (1) |
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383 | (2) |
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18 Methods for Assessing Dyads and Groups |
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385 | (22) |
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385 | (2) |
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Deriving Dyadic and Group Level Variables |
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387 | (4) |
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Designs to Study Group Structures |
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391 | (5) |
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Designs to Study Multiple Groups |
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396 | (2) |
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Measuring Group Process and Outcomes |
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398 | (4) |
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402 | (1) |
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402 | (1) |
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403 | (4) |
Part IV Concluding Perspectives |
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407 | (38) |
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19 Synthesizing Research Results: MetaAnalysis |
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409 | (19) |
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Stages in the Meta-Analysis Process |
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411 | (11) |
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Interpreting the Meta-Analysis |
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422 | (2) |
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424 | (1) |
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424 | (1) |
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425 | (3) |
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20 Social Responsibility and Ethics in Social Research |
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428 | (17) |
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Ethics of Research Practices |
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428 | (7) |
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The Regulatory Context of Research Involving Human Participants |
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435 | (3) |
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438 | (2) |
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Ethical Issues Related to the Products of Scientific Research |
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440 | (1) |
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441 | (1) |
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441 | (1) |
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442 | (3) |
Glossary |
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445 | (14) |
Suggested Additional Readings |
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459 | (8) |
Author Index |
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467 | (10) |
Subject Index |
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477 | |