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1 Evolution, genetics, and systematics |
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1 | (44) |
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1.1 The theory of evolution |
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1 | (5) |
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1.2 Population and evolutionary genetics |
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6 | (23) |
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29 | (11) |
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1.4 The study of the fossil record |
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40 | (5) |
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45 | (33) |
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2.1 Taxonomic considerations of the tribe Hominini |
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45 | (9) |
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2.2 Traits of the human lineage |
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54 | (11) |
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2.3 Beyond morphology: fossil footprints |
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65 | (6) |
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2.4 Bipedalism and adaptation |
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71 | (7) |
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78 | (46) |
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3.1 The origin of hominins |
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78 | (5) |
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3.2 A scenario for the human evolution |
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83 | (8) |
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91 | (16) |
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107 | (13) |
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3.5 Sites to the north of the Rift Valley |
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120 | (4) |
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4 Miocene and Lower Pliocene hominins |
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124 | (36) |
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124 | (10) |
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4.2 The role of locomotion in the divergence of hominoid lineages |
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134 | (6) |
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4.3 Change in the Lower Pliocene: genus Australopithecus |
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140 | (2) |
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4.4 Australopithecus afarensis |
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142 | (8) |
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4.5 Australopithecus anamensis |
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150 | (3) |
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153 | (1) |
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4.7 First phylogenetic changes in the tribe Hominini |
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154 | (3) |
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4.8 Phylogenetic relationships of the Miocene and Lower Pliocene hominins |
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157 | (3) |
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5 Middle and Upper Pliocene hominins |
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160 | (32) |
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5.1 What can be included in Australopithecus! |
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160 | (1) |
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5.2 Australopithecines found outside the Rift: South Africa |
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161 | (5) |
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5.3 Australopithecines found outside the Rift: Chad |
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166 | (1) |
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5.4 The diversification of Australopithecus in the Rift Valley during Middle and Upper Pleistocene |
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167 | (2) |
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5.5 Adaptation; an Upper Pliocene difference |
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169 | (1) |
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5.6 Dental enamel and diet |
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169 | (3) |
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5.7 The genus Paranthropus |
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172 | (10) |
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5.8 Consistency of the evolutionary scheme for the "gracile" and "robust" australopithecines in the Middle and Upper Pliocene |
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182 | (10) |
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6 The emergence of the genus Homo |
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192 | (37) |
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192 | (11) |
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6.2 The taxon Homo rudolfensis |
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203 | (7) |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (4) |
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215 | (5) |
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6.6 The transition to Homo |
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220 | (2) |
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6.7 Monophyly of the first Homo |
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222 | (3) |
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6.8 The geographical issue---dispersal of ancient hominins in Africa |
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225 | (4) |
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7 Lithic traditions: tool-making |
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229 | (37) |
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7.1 Pre-cultural uses of tools |
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230 | (3) |
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7.2 Taphonomic indications of culture |
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233 | (1) |
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7.3 Model: Oldowan culture |
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234 | (5) |
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7.4 The transition Mode 1 (Oldowan) to Mode 2 (Acheulean) |
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239 | (11) |
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7.5 Beyond tools: the use of fire |
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250 | (3) |
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7.6 The transition Mode 2 (Acheulean) to Mode 3 (Mousterian) |
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253 | (8) |
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7.7 The African Middle Stone Age |
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261 | (5) |
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8 Middle and Lower Pleistocene: the Homo radiation |
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266 | (79) |
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8.1 Is Homo erectus a well-defined species? |
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266 | (3) |
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8.2 The first exit out of Africa |
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269 | (4) |
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8.3 Homo erectus characterization |
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273 | (5) |
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8.4 African specimens (Homo ergaster) |
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278 | (4) |
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8.5 Asian specimens of Homo erectus |
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282 | (22) |
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8.6 The colonization of Europe |
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304 | (31) |
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8.7 An evolutionary model for the hominins of the Lower and Middle Pleistocene |
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335 | (10) |
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9 Hominin transition to Upper Pliocene |
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345 | (50) |
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9.1 European archaic Homo sapiens |
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346 | (11) |
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9.2 African archaic Homo sapiens |
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357 | (1) |
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9.3 African hominins from the Mindel-Riss interglacial period |
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357 | (11) |
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9.4 Asian archaic Homo sapiens |
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368 | (9) |
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9.5 Are the transitional species between Homo ergaster and Homo sapiens necessary? |
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377 | (2) |
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379 | (16) |
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10 Species of the Upper Pleistocene |
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395 | (46) |
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10.1 Homo neanderthalensis |
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395 | (20) |
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415 | (26) |
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11 Neanderthals and modern humans: similarities and differences |
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441 | (54) |
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11.1 Genetic distance between Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens |
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441 | (27) |
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11.2 Brain distance between Neanderthals and modern humans |
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468 | (6) |
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11.3 Cognitive distance between Neanderthals and modern humans |
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474 | (21) |
Glossary |
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495 | (8) |
References |
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503 | (50) |
Index |
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553 | |