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xii | |
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xiii | |
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xiv | |
| Preface |
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xvi | |
| Acknowledgements |
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xviii | |
| English-Chinese term list |
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xix | |
| Chinese-English term list |
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xxiv | |
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1 | (13) |
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2 | (3) |
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1.2 A data-driven and corpus-based reference grammar |
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5 | (2) |
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1.3 Chinese writing system |
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7 | (7) |
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14 | (53) |
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2.1 Morphemes, words, and word classes |
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14 | (28) |
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2.2 Phrases, clauses, and sentences |
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42 | (10) |
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52 | (2) |
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54 | (3) |
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2.5 Comparisons and comparative constructions |
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57 | (1) |
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2.6 Information-packaging constructions |
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58 | (3) |
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2.7 Illocutionary force and sentence types |
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61 | (3) |
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64 | (3) |
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67 | (14) |
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67 | (1) |
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3.2 Defining "word" in Chinese |
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67 | (1) |
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3.3 Description of word components |
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68 | (4) |
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3.4 Lexical word formation processes |
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72 | (2) |
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3.5 Issues in Chinese word formation |
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74 | (7) |
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81 | (35) |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (9) |
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91 | (3) |
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94 | (10) |
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4.5 Other post-verbal constituents |
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104 | (5) |
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4.6 Other types of objects |
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109 | (7) |
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116 | (27) |
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116 | (1) |
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5.2 The perfective aspects |
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117 | (13) |
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5.3 The imperfective aspects |
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130 | (13) |
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143 | (26) |
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143 | (2) |
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6.2 The positions and scopes of negators |
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145 | (17) |
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162 | (1) |
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6.4 Negative answers to questions |
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163 | (1) |
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6.5 Negative polarity items and negation |
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164 | (2) |
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6.6 Metalinguistic negation |
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166 | (3) |
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169 | (30) |
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7.1 Definition of classifiers |
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169 | (1) |
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7.2 Semantic properties of classifiers |
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170 | (2) |
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7.3 Syntactic properties of classifiers |
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172 | (2) |
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7.4 Overview of classifier types |
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174 | (2) |
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176 | (15) |
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191 | (4) |
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7.7 Polysemous classifiers |
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195 | (2) |
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7.8 Sortal classifier coercion of noun senses |
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197 | (2) |
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8 Nouns and nominal phrases |
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199 | (57) |
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8.1 Distinctive properties of nouns and nominal phrases |
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199 | (1) |
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8.2 Overview of noun classes and nominal phrases |
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200 | (6) |
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206 | (6) |
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8.4 The function of NUM-CL |
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212 | (11) |
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8.5 Nouns and the N position |
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223 | (5) |
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228 | (10) |
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238 | (3) |
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8.8 Referential and non-referential use of nominal phrases |
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241 | (3) |
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8.9 Proper names, proper nouns, and vocatives |
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244 | (2) |
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8.10 Nominal phrases as propositions, predicates, or sentences |
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246 | (10) |
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256 | (20) |
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9.1 Basic properties of relative clauses |
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257 | (6) |
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9.2 Grammatical relations in relative clauses |
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263 | (6) |
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9.3 Relative clauses without a grammatical relation |
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269 | (5) |
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9.4 Relative clauses and topicalization |
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274 | (2) |
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10 Adjectives and adjective phrases |
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276 | (21) |
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10.1 Defining properties of adjectives |
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276 | (2) |
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10.2 Two major subclasses of adjectives in Chinese: non-derived adjectives and derived adjectives |
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278 | (9) |
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10.3 Functions and properties of adjectives and adjective phrases |
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287 | (5) |
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10.4 Adjectives and verbs: a comparison |
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292 | (1) |
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10.5 Special adjectives duol `many/much,' shao3 `few/little,' and da4 `big' |
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292 | (5) |
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297 | (18) |
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11.1 Distinctive properties of comparative clauses in Chinese |
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297 | (1) |
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11.2 Affirmative superiority comparison |
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298 | (1) |
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11.3 Superiority comparatives marked with bi3 `than' |
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299 | (5) |
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11.4 Negative bi3 `than' constructions |
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304 | (2) |
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11.5 Genl `with' comparatives: comparison of equality and likeness |
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306 | (2) |
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11.6 xiang4 `like': a partial variant of genl `with' |
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308 | (3) |
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11.7 ru2 `as' equality comparatives |
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311 | (1) |
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11.8 you3 `YOU' equality comparatives |
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312 | (1) |
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11.9 ... yue4... yue4... `the more... the more...' correlative comparative constructions |
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313 | (2) |
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315 | (38) |
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12.1 Distinctive properties of adverbs |
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315 | (1) |
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315 | (5) |
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12.3 Types of functional adverbs |
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320 | (16) |
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12.4 Frequently used adverbs |
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336 | (17) |
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13 Prepositions and preposition phrases |
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353 | (48) |
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13.1 Distribution and function of PPs |
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354 | (4) |
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13.2 Differentiating prepositions from other lexical categories |
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358 | (8) |
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13.3 Monosyllabic and disyllabic prepositions |
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366 | (5) |
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13.4 Semantic classification of prepositions |
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371 | (24) |
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395 | (6) |
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401 | (50) |
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14.1 Sentences and clauses |
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401 | (1) |
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14.2 Overview of sentence classification |
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402 | (6) |
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14.3 Declarative and exclamative sentences |
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408 | (6) |
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14.4 Interrogative and directive sentences |
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414 | (13) |
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14.5 Logic relations between clauses |
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427 | (9) |
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14.6 Concessive complex sentences |
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436 | (2) |
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14.7 Conditional complex sentences |
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438 | (2) |
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14.8 Causative and purposive complex sentences |
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440 | (4) |
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14.9 Strategies of clause linking |
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444 | (4) |
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14.10 Compound sentences without overt marking |
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448 | (3) |
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15 Major non-canonical clause types: ba and bei |
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451 | (33) |
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15.1 The ba constructions |
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451 | (16) |
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15.2 Passive constructions |
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467 | (17) |
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484 | (34) |
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485 | (14) |
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16.2 Overview of anaphora |
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499 | (19) |
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518 | (59) |
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17.1 Topic and object preposing |
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523 | (17) |
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17.2 Word order variations |
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540 | (6) |
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17.3 Sentences involving shi4 |
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546 | (21) |
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17.4 Lian2... dou1/ye3 `even' sentences |
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567 | (5) |
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17.5 zhi3, zhi3 (you3), and zH3 (shi4) |
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572 | (5) |
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577 | (14) |
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A.1 Boundary-marking punctuation marks |
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578 | (6) |
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A.2 Punctuation marks indicating the nature and function of expressions |
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584 | (7) |
| Bibliography |
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591 | (2) |
| Index |
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593 | |
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