Part I Introduction |
|
|
1 Adaptation and Evolution of Bird Migration |
|
|
3 | (12) |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
1.2 Adaptation and Evolution of Bird Migration |
|
|
4 | (2) |
|
1.3 Route of Bird Migration |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
1.4 Flyways and Stopovers |
|
|
7 | (2) |
|
1.5 Significance in Disease Transmission |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
|
10 | (5) |
|
2 Migratory Birds and Public Health Risks |
|
|
15 | (10) |
|
2.1 Introduction: Migration |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
2.3 Diseases Associated with Avian Migration |
|
|
17 | (2) |
|
2.4 Public Health Concerns |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
|
20 | (5) |
Part II Viral Infections |
|
|
|
25 | (14) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
26 | (2) |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
|
29 | (2) |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
3.4.2 Clinical Signs/Clinical Profile |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
3.6 Prevention and Control |
|
|
31 | (2) |
|
|
33 | (6) |
|
|
39 | (18) |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
|
40 | (2) |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
|
41 | (1) |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
|
42 | (2) |
|
|
44 | (2) |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
4.4.2 Clinical Signs/Clinical Profile |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
|
46 | (3) |
|
|
46 | (3) |
|
4.6 Prevention and Control |
|
|
49 | (1) |
|
|
50 | (7) |
|
|
57 | (22) |
|
|
57 | (2) |
|
|
59 | (3) |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
|
59 | (2) |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
63 | (3) |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
5.4.2 Clinical Signs/Clinical Profile |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
|
66 | (3) |
|
|
66 | (3) |
|
5.6 Prevention and Control |
|
|
69 | (2) |
|
|
71 | (8) |
|
6 Newcastle Disease and Other Avian Paramyxoviruses |
|
|
79 | (14) |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
80 | (2) |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
|
83 | (2) |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
6.4.2 Clinical Signs/Clinical Profile |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
6.6 Prevention and Control |
|
|
85 | (3) |
|
|
88 | (5) |
|
|
93 | (8) |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
7.3 Pathology/Transmission |
|
|
95 | (3) |
|
|
98 | (3) |
|
8 Neglected Bird-Associated Viral Zoonotic Infections |
|
|
101 | (14) |
|
8.1 Western Equine Encephalomyelitis |
|
|
101 | (4) |
|
8.2 Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
8.3 Saint Louis Encephalitis |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
8.4 Murray Valley Encephalitis |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
8.7 Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever |
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
8.8 Kyasanur Forest Disease |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
|
110 | (5) |
Part III Bacterial Infections |
|
|
9 Clostridial Infections (Avian Botulism) |
|
|
115 | (10) |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
|
116 | (2) |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
9.2.2 Host Range and Distribution |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
9.2.3 Transmission and Role of Birds |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
|
118 | (2) |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
9.3.2 Clinical Signs and Pathology |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
9.4.2 Treatment and Control |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
9.5 Public Health Concerns |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
122 | (3) |
|
10 Avian Campylobacteriosis |
|
|
125 | (12) |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
|
126 | (2) |
|
10.2.1 Etiology and Classification |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
10.2.2 Host Range and Reservoirs |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
10.2.3 Transmission and Role of Birds |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
|
128 | (2) |
|
10.3.1 Pathogenesis and Pathological Features |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
10.3.2 Clinical Signs of Campylobacteriosis in Birds |
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
10.4.1 Diagnosis of Campylobacteriosis in Birds |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
10.4.2 Treatment and Control |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
10.5 Public Health Concerns |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
|
132 | (5) |
|
11 Avian Chlamydiosis (Psittacosis, Ornithosis) |
|
|
137 | (12) |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
|
138 | (3) |
|
11.2.1 Etiology and Classification |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
11.2.2 Morphology and Life Cycle |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
11.2.3 Host Range and Distribution |
|
|
139 | (2) |
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
11.3 Disease Characteristics |
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
11.3.2 Clinical Signs and Pathology |
|
|
142 | (1) |
|
|
142 | (2) |
|
11.4.1 Diagnosis of Avian Chlamydiosis |
|
|
142 | (1) |
|
11.4.2 Treatment and Control |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
11.5 Public Health Concerns |
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
|
144 | (5) |
|
12 Avian Colibacillosis (Escherichia coli) |
|
|
149 | (14) |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
12.2.1 Etiology and Classification |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
12.2.2 Hosts and Distribution |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
12.3 Pathogenic Characteristics |
|
|
151 | (5) |
|
12.3.1 Antigenic Structure of E. coli |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
12.3.2 Virulence Associated Factors |
|
|
152 | (3) |
|
12.3.3 Clinical Signs and Pathological Features |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
12.4.2 Treatment and Control |
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
12.5 Escherichia coli, Wild Birds, and the Public Health Concerns |
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
|
158 | (5) |
|
|
163 | (8) |
|
|
163 | (1) |
|
|
164 | (2) |
|
|
164 | (1) |
|
13.2.2 Hosts and Distribution |
|
|
164 | (1) |
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
13.3 Disease Characteristics |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
13.3.2 Clinical Signs and Pathological Features |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
13.4.2 Treatment and Control |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
13.5 Erysipelothrix, Wild Birds, and the Public Health Concerns |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
|
169 | (2) |
|
|
171 | (12) |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
|
172 | (3) |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
14.2.4 Mycoplasma in Wild Birds |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
14.3 Disease Characteristics |
|
|
175 | (2) |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
14.3.2 Clinical Signs and Pathology |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
14.4.2 Treatment and Control |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
14.5 Public Health Concerns |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
179 | (4) |
|
|
183 | (14) |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
|
184 | (4) |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
15.2.4 Wild Birds as Carriers of Salmonella |
|
|
185 | (3) |
|
15.3 Disease Characteristics |
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
15.3.2 Clinical Signs and Pathology |
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
|
189 | (2) |
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
15.4.2 Treatment and Control |
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
15.5 Public Health Concerns |
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
|
192 | (5) |
|
|
197 | (12) |
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
|
198 | (2) |
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
16.2.4 Avian Mycobacteriosis in Wild Birds |
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
16.3 Disease Characteristics |
|
|
200 | (2) |
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
16.3.2 Clinical Signs and Pathology |
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
16.4.2 Treatment and Control |
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
16.5 Public Health Concerns |
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
|
204 | (5) |
Part IV Parasitic and Mycotic Infections |
|
|
|
209 | (12) |
|
|
209 | (2) |
|
17.2 Epizootiology and Modes of Transmission |
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
17.3 Cryptosporidiosis in Canadian Geese |
|
|
212 | (1) |
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
17.5 Public Health Significance of Cryptosporidiosis |
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
17.6 Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control Measures |
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
|
216 | (5) |
|
|
221 | (8) |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
18.2 Epizootiology and Mode of Transmission |
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
18.4 Giardiasis and Canada Goose |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
18.5 Public Health Significance of Giardiasis |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
18.6 Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control Measures |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
|
226 | (3) |
|
19 Role of Birds in Tick-Borne Diseases |
|
|
229 | (14) |
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
19.2 Epizootiology and Mode of Transmission |
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
|
231 | (3) |
|
19.3.1 Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) |
|
|
231 | (2) |
|
19.3.2 Dermanyssus gallinae |
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
19.4 Diagnosis, Control, and Treatment |
|
|
234 | (2) |
|
19.5 Role of Birds as Vectors of Fluke Worms (Trichobilharzia szidati) |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
237 | (6) |
|
20 Mycotic Diseases (Aspergillosis) |
|
|
243 | (12) |
|
|
245 | (6) |
|
20.1.1 Historical Background |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
20.1.3 Mode of Transmission |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
20.1.4 Pathogenesis, Clinical Signs, and Pathology |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
20.1.5 Public Health and Animal Health Concerns |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
20.1.6 Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control Measures |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
|
251 | (4) |
|
21 Sporadic Fungal Infections |
|
|
255 | |
|
21.1 Dermatophytosis (Favus) |
|
|
255 | (3) |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
|
260 | (2) |
|
|
262 | (3) |
|
|
265 | (2) |
|
21.7 Mucormycosis (Mucor spp., Absidia spp., and Rhizopus spp.) |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
|
268 | |