Sex Control In Aquaculture: Volume 1 |
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xv | |
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xvii | |
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xix | |
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Part I Theoretical and Practical Bases of Sex Control in Aquaculture |
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1 | (188) |
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1 Sex Control in Aquaculture: Concept to Practice |
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3 | (32) |
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3 | (2) |
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1.2 Establishment of Phenotypic Sex - "Promoter" to "Modulator" |
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5 | (1) |
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1.2.1 Sex Determining Factors - the Promoter |
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7 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Molecular Players in Sex Differentiation - the Modulator |
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12 | (2) |
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1.3 Sex control Practice in Aquaculture |
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14 | (1) |
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1.3.1 Large-Scale Monosex Production |
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15 | (6) |
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1.4 Sex Control Practices in Fisheries |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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1.5.1 Population Level-Based Identification of the Sex Determining Mechanism |
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22 | (1) |
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1.5.2 Targets of Sex Determining Factors and Molecular Networks Involved in Sex Differentiation |
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22 | (1) |
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1.5.3 Environmental- and Consumer-Friendly Monosex Production |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (12) |
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2 Sex Determination and Differentiation in Fish: Genetic, Genomic, and Endocrine Aspects |
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35 | (30) |
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2.1 Introduction - Sex Determination in Fish: from Sex Control Applications in Cultured Fish Species to Basic Science Interests |
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35 | (1) |
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2.2 From Genetic Sex Determination to Environmental Sex Determination and the Other Way Round |
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36 | (1) |
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2.2.1 Genetic Sex Determination: "Usual Suspects, Newcomers, and Usurpers" |
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39 | (1) |
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2.2.2 A Glimpse into Environmental Sex Determination in Fish |
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47 | (1) |
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2.2.3 When GSD and TSD Blend |
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48 | (1) |
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2.3 Sex Differentiation as a Threshold Phenotype Relying on Fine Regulations of a Plastic Gene Regulatory Network |
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49 | (1) |
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2.3.1 The Classical Actors of the Fish Sex Differentiation Cascade |
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50 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Endocrine Regulation of Fish Sex Differentiation |
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51 | (1) |
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2.4 Mechanisms for the Emergence of New Master Sex-Determining Genes and Gene Regulatory Networks |
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52 | (13) |
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3 Epigenetics of Sex Determination and Differentiation in Fish |
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65 | (20) |
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65 | (1) |
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3.2 Definition of Epigenetics |
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66 | (1) |
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3.3 Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanisms |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Histone Modifications |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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3.4 Transgenerational Effects |
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68 | (1) |
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3.5 Epigenetics and sex - General Considerations |
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69 | (1) |
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3.5.1 What Species can be More Fruitful to Study? |
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69 | (1) |
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3.5.2 What is the Best Developmental Period to Target? |
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70 | (1) |
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3.5.3 Are there Organs Other than the Gonads that should be Considered? |
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70 | (1) |
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3.5.4 Links with Ecotoxicology |
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70 | (1) |
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3.5.5 Does the Study of Epigenetics of Sex Determination-Differentiation have an Added Comparative Value? |
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70 | (1) |
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3.6 Epigenetics and Sex in Gonochoristic Species - Case Studies |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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3.6.2 Half-Smooth Tongue Sole |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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3.7 Epigenetics and Sex in Hermaphrodite Species - Case Studies |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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3.8 The "Conserved Model of Epigenetic Regulation of Sexual Development in Fish" |
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75 | (2) |
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3.9 Epigenetics and Sex Control in Fish |
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77 | (1) |
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3.10 Open Questions and Future Perspectives |
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78 | (7) |
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4 Environmental Sex Determination and Sex Differentiation in Teleosts - How Sex Is Established |
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85 | (32) |
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85 | (1) |
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4.2 Distinguishing TSD from GSD + TE |
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86 | (1) |
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4.3 How sex is Determined in ESD |
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87 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Hormone-Gene-Cell Interactions |
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90 | (5) |
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4.4 Temperature-Dependent Sex Differentiation |
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95 | (1) |
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4.4.1 Independent Genes to Interactions, Networks, and Comparative Analysis |
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95 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Yin and Yang in Sex Differentiation |
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99 | (2) |
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4.5 ESD in Aquaculture and Fisheries |
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101 | (16) |
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5 Gene Knockout and Its Principle and Application in Sex Control of Fish Species |
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117 | (20) |
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117 | (1) |
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5.2 Approaches for Gene Knockout |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (2) |
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5.3 Sex Control in Zebrafish |
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122 | (1) |
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5.3.1 Sex Determination Mechanism of Zebrafish |
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122 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Genes Required for Male Development |
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123 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Genes Required for Female Development |
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124 | (1) |
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5.3.4 Genes Required for General Fertility |
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125 | (2) |
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5.4 Sex control in Medaka |
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127 | (1) |
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5.5 Sex control in Economic Fish Species |
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128 | (1) |
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5.6 Implications for Aquaculture |
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129 | (8) |
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6 Chromosome Manipulation Techniques and Applications to Aquaculture |
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137 | (26) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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6.2.1 Induction of Triploid Fish and Shellfish |
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138 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Performance of Triploid Fish and Shellfish |
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139 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Reversion of Triploids to Diploids - Newly Recognized Problem in Shellfish |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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6.3.1 Induction of Gynogenetic Haploids by Using Irradiated Sperm |
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140 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Induction of Gynogenetic Diploids by Inhibition of Meiosis |
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140 | (2) |
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142 | (1) |
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6.4.1 Induction of Tetraploid Fish |
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142 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Induction of Tetraploid Shellfish |
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143 | (1) |
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6.4.3 Cellular Mechanisms Responsible for Whole Genome Doubling |
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143 | (1) |
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6.4.4 Performance of Tetraploids |
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143 | (1) |
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6.4.5 Mosaics Including Tetraploid Cells |
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144 | (1) |
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6.5 Gynogenetic Doubled Haploids (DHs) |
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144 | (1) |
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6.5.1 Induction of Gynogenetic DHs |
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144 | (1) |
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6.5.2 Complete Homozygosity of Gynogenetic DHs |
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145 | (1) |
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6.5.3 Performance of Gynogenetic DHs |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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6.6.1 Induction of Androgenetic Haploids by Using Irradiated Eggs |
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145 | (1) |
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6.6.2 Induction of Androgenetic Doubled Haploids |
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146 | (1) |
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6.6.3 Androgenesis by Diploid Sperm and Dispermic Fertilization |
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146 | (1) |
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6.6.4 Cold Shock-Induced Androgenesis |
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147 | (1) |
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6.6.5 Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Hybrids by Androgenetic Techniques |
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148 | (1) |
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6.7 Clonal Lines Using Isogenic Gametes of DHs |
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149 | (1) |
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6.8 Distant Hybridization and Chromosome Manipulation |
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150 | (1) |
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6.8.1 Allotetraploid Hybrid Strain of Crucian Carp x Common Carp |
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150 | (1) |
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6.8.2 Allopolyploid Hybrid Strain of Crucian Carp x Blunt Snout Bream |
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151 | (1) |
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6.8.3 Natural Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Hybrid Clonal Strain of Crucian Carp |
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151 | (1) |
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6.8.4 Applications of Atypical Reproduction of Artificial Hybrid and Hybrid-Origin Species |
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151 | (2) |
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6.9 Sex Determination Inferred from Results of Chromosome Manipulation |
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153 | (1) |
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6.10 Conclusions and Perspectives |
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154 | (9) |
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7 Hybridization and Its Application in Aquaculture |
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163 | (16) |
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163 | (1) |
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7.2 Inter-specific Hybrids and Their Applications in Aquaculture |
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164 | (1) |
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7.2.1 Improved Growth Performances |
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164 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Production of Sterile Animals |
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166 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Manipulation of Sex Ratio |
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167 | (1) |
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7.2.4 Overall Improvement |
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167 | (1) |
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7.2.5 Disease Resistance and Environmental Tolerances |
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168 | (1) |
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7.2.6 Hybrid Polyploidization |
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168 | (1) |
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7.2.7 Experimental Hybridization |
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169 | (1) |
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7.2.8 Unplanned/Accidental Hybridization |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (7) |
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8 Population Consequences of Releasing Sex-Reversed Fish: Applications and Concerns |
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179 | (10) |
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179 | (1) |
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8.1.1 The Threats of Distorted Population Sex Ratios |
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179 | (1) |
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8.1.2 Sex Determination and Sex Differentiation Fish |
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180 | (1) |
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8.2 Sex reversal and "Trojan" Genetic Elements |
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180 | (2) |
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8.3 Trojan Chromosome Carriers Produced in Brood Stocks |
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182 | (2) |
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8.4 Consequences of Releasing Sex-Reversed Fish |
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184 | (1) |
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8.5 Public and Legal Acceptance of Releasing Sex-Reversed Fish |
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184 | (5) |
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Part II Sex Determination and Control in Cichlidae |
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189 | (60) |
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9 Sex Control in Tilapias |
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191 | (44) |
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9.1 Tilapia Species and their Aquaculture |
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191 | (2) |
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9.2 Is Sex Control Always Necessary for Tilapia Farming? |
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193 | (1) |
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9.2.1 Survey on Sex Control Methods in Tilapia Aquaculture and Interest in a Sexing Kit |
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194 | (2) |
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9.3 Genetic Sex Determination in the Four Most Important Tilapia Species |
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196 | (1) |
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9.3.1 Genetic Sex Determination in Nile Tilapia, O. niloticus |
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197 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Genetic Sex Determination in the Blue Tilapia, O. aureus |
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200 | (1) |
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9.3.3 Genetic Sex Determination in the Mozambique Tilapia, O. mossambicus |
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201 | (1) |
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9.3.4 Genetic Sex Determination in the Black-Chin Tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron |
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201 | (1) |
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9.4 Thermosensitivity: a Hereditary Factor that Affects Gonad Differentiation |
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202 | (4) |
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9.5 Sex Differentiation in Nile Tilapia: Molecular Markers for Selection of the Phenotypic Sex |
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206 | (1) |
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9.6 Current Approaches for Sex Control in Tilapias |
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206 | (1) |
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9.6.1 Sex Reversal Through Hormonal Treatments |
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206 | (1) |
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215 | (4) |
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9.7 Future Approaches for Sex Control in Tilapias |
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219 | (1) |
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9.7.1 Precocious Identification of the Sexual Phenotype |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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9.7.4 Genome Editing: CRISPR/Cas9 Technology |
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222 | (1) |
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9.8 Conclusions and Perspectives |
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222 | (13) |
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10 Quantitative Genetics of Sexual Dimorphism in Tilapia and Its Application to Aquaculture |
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235 | (14) |
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235 | (1) |
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10.2 Variation Between Species |
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236 | (1) |
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10.3 Differences Among Populations Within a Species |
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237 | (1) |
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10.4 Heritability for Growth-Related Traits in Females and Males |
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237 | (3) |
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10.5 Genetic Correlations Between Sexes |
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240 | (1) |
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10.6 Can Sexual Size Dimorphism be Altered by Selection for High Growth? |
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241 | (2) |
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10.7 Do Genetic Parameters for Sexual Dimorphism Differ Between Culture Environments? |
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243 | (1) |
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10.8 Sexual Dimorphism in Other Traits of Economic Importance |
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244 | (1) |
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10.9 Concluding Remarks and Suggestions |
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245 | (4) |
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Part III Sex Determination and Control in Salmonidae |
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249 | (56) |
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11 Sex Determination and Sex Control in Salmonidae |
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251 | (30) |
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251 | (1) |
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11.2 Salmonid Aquaculture |
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252 | (1) |
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11.3 Why Control the Sex of Salmonids? |
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253 | (1) |
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11.4 Genetic Sex Determination in Salmonids |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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11.4.2 Gynogenesis, Androgenesis and Sex Inversion |
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255 | (1) |
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11.4.3 Genetic Sex Markers and the Sex-Determining Gene |
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256 | (1) |
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11.5 Effect of Environmental Factors on Sex Differentiation |
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257 | (1) |
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11.6 Gonad Sex Differentiation in Salmonids |
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258 | (1) |
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11.6.1 Histological Differentiation |
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258 | (1) |
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11.6.2 Molecular Differentiation |
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260 | (1) |
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11.7 Methods of Sex Control |
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261 | (1) |
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11.7.1 Selective Sorting Based on Secondary Sexual Characters |
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261 | (1) |
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11.7.2 Direct Feminization |
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261 | (1) |
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11.7.3 Gynogenesis and Diploidization |
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262 | (1) |
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11.7.4 Production and Use of Neomales |
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263 | (3) |
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11.8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives |
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266 | (15) |
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12 Development and Application of Sex-Linked Markers in Salmonidae |
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281 | (16) |
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281 | (1) |
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12.2 Development of Sex-Linked Markers in Salmonids |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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12.2.6 Microsatellite Markers |
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285 | (1) |
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286 | (2) |
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12.3 Evaluation of Sex Marker Applications in Salmonids |
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288 | (9) |
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13 Polyploidy Production in Salmonidae |
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297 | (8) |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (2) |
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13.3 Tetraploid Production |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (5) |
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Part IV Sex Determination and Control in Moronidae |
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305 | (54) |
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14 Genetic and Environmental Components of Sex Determination in the European Sea Bass |
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307 | (20) |
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14.1 Introduction to European Sea Bass Ecology and Reproductive Biology |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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14.3 Sex ratios in Farmed Populations |
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309 | (1) |
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14.4 Sex Ratios in Natural Populations |
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309 | (1) |
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14.5 The Genetic Component of Sex Determination in the European Sea Bass |
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310 | (2) |
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14.6 The Relationship Between Sex and Growth |
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312 | (1) |
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14.7 Influence of Manipulation of Early Growth on Sex Ratios |
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313 | (1) |
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14.8 Effects of Temperature on Sex Ratios |
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314 | (2) |
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14.9 Epigenetic Regulation of Sex Ratios |
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316 | (2) |
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14.10 Selection for Sex Ratio |
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318 | (2) |
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320 | (7) |
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15 Morphological and Endocrine Aspects of Sex Differentiation in the European Sea Bass and Implications for Sex Control in Aquaculture |
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327 | (20) |
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327 | (1) |
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15.2 Morphological Aspects of Gonad Differentiation |
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328 | (1) |
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15.2.1 Chronology and Timing of Morphological Events |
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328 | (1) |
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15.2.2 Juvenile Intersexuality |
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329 | (2) |
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15.3 Relationship Between Growth and Sex Differentiation |
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331 | (2) |
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15.4 Endocrine Control of Sex Differentiation |
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333 | (3) |
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15.5 Sex Determination and Sex Control |
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336 | (2) |
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15.6 Molecular Markers of Sex Differentiation |
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338 | (1) |
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15.7 Transcriptomic Studies |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (7) |
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16 The Induction of Polyploidy, Gynogenesis, and Androgenesis in the European Sea Bass |
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347 | (12) |
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347 | (1) |
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16.2 Induction of Triploidy |
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348 | (1) |
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16.3 Effects of Triploidy on Growth and Reproductive Performance |
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349 | (1) |
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16.4 Perspectives on the Use of Triploids |
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349 | (1) |
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16.5 Induction of Gynogenesis |
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350 | (1) |
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16.6 Effects of Gynogenesis on Growth, Gonadal Development, and Sex Ratios |
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351 | (2) |
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16.7 Perspectives on the Use of Gynogenetic Diploids |
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353 | (1) |
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16.8 Induction of Androgenesis |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (5) |
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Part V Sex Determination and Control in Centrarchidae |
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359 | (70) |
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17 Sex Determination, Differentiation, and Control in Bluegill |
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361 | (24) |
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361 | (2) |
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363 | (1) |
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17.2.1 Gonadal Differentiation and Development |
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363 | (1) |
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17.2.2 Relationship of Gonadal Differentiation with Fish Size and Age |
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366 | (1) |
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17.2.3 The role of foxl2 and cypl9a1a Genes in Early Sex Differentiation in Bluegill |
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367 | (3) |
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370 | (1) |
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17.3.1 Genotypic Sex Determination (GST) |
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370 | (1) |
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17.3.2 Temperature Effects on Sex Determination |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (1) |
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17.4.1 Effects of Steroids and Nonsteroidal Aromatase Inhibitor on Sex Reversal and Gonadal Structure of Bluegill |
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374 | (1) |
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17.4.2 Effects of Nonsteroidal Aromatase Inhibitor on Gonadal Differentiation of Bluegill |
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375 | (1) |
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17.4.3 Summary of Bluegill Sunfish Sex-Reversal |
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376 | (3) |
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17.5 Large-Scale Production of All-Males or Mostly-Males |
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379 | (1) |
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17.5.1 Develop GMB-Producing Brood Stock for Large-Scale All-Male Production |
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379 | (1) |
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17.5.2 Growth Performance of Genetically Male Bluegill |
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379 | (1) |
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17.5.3 Establishment of Mostly-Male Groups of Bluegill by Grading Selection |
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380 | (1) |
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17.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives |
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380 | (5) |
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18 Sex-Determining Mechanisms and Control of Sex Differentiation in Largemouth Bass and Crappies |
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385 | (20) |
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18.1 Significance of Largemouth Bass and Crappies for Recreational Fishery and Aquaculture |
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385 | (1) |
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18.2 Reproductive Characteristics of Largemouth Bass and Crappies |
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386 | (1) |
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18.3 Benefits of Sex Control in Largemouth Bass and Crappie Culture |
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386 | (1) |
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18.4 Strategies Evaluated for Sex Control in Largemouth Bass and Crappies |
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387 | (1) |
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18.4.1 Interspecific Hybridization |
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387 | (1) |
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388 | (1) |
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389 | (1) |
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18.4.4 Hormonal Sex-Reversal |
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390 | (5) |
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18.5 Sex Determination Mechanisms in Largemouth Bass and Crappies |
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395 | (1) |
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18.6 Conclusion and Future Projections |
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396 | (9) |
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19 Hybridization and its Application in Centrarchids |
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405 | (24) |
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405 | (1) |
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19.2 Phylogeny and Phylogeography |
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405 | (4) |
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19.3 Hybridization in Nature |
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409 | (1) |
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19.4 Artificial Hybridization and Sex Ratio of Hybrids |
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410 | (5) |
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19.5 Driving Forces of Hybridization |
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415 | (3) |
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19.6 Aquaculture of Sunfish Hybrids |
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418 | (1) |
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19.6.1 Hybrid Bluegill 1 - Green Sunfish female x Bluegill male (GB Hybrids) |
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418 | (1) |
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19.6.2 Hybrid Bluegill 2 - Redear Sunfish female x Bluegill male (RB Hybrids) |
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419 | (1) |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
19.6.4 Hybrid Largemouth Bass |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
|
420 | (9) |
Sex Control In Aquaculture: Volume 2 |
|
|
|
xv | |
|
|
xix | |
|
|
xxi | |
|
Part VI Sex Determination and Sex Control in Percidae |
|
|
429 | (48) |
|
20 Sex Determination and Monosex Female Production in Yellow Perch |
|
|
431 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
20.2.1 Sexual Size Dimorphism (SSD) |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
20.2.2 Sex-Specific Gene Expression Related to SSD |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
20.4 Sex Differentiation and Gonadal Morphogenesis |
|
|
433 | (2) |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
20.5.1 Genome and Sex Chromosomes |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
20.5.2 Search for Sex-Specific Markers |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
20.5.3 Sex Determining System |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
20.7 Large-Scale Production of Monosex Populations Through Breeding |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
20.7.1 Creating Large-Scale Monosex Population Through Progeny Testing |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
20.7.2 Creating Large-Scale Monosex Population Without Progeny Testing |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
20.7.3 Development of all-Female-Producing Brood Stock |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
20.7.4 Performance of Genetically All-Female Populations |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
20.8 Chromosome Manipulation |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
20.8.1 Gynogenetic Approach for Monosex Populations |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
20.8.2 Triploidy Induction |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
20.9 Conclusions and Future Perspectives |
|
|
441 | (4) |
|
21 Sex Determination and Control in Eurasian Perch |
|
|
445 | (16) |
|
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
21.2 Sex Determination Process in Eurasian Perch |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
21.2.1 Gonad Morphogenesis |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
21.2.3 Sex-Determining Genes |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
21.2.5 Temperature Effect on Sex Determination |
|
|
449 | (3) |
|
21.3 Sex Control and All-Female Eurasian Perch Production |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
21.3.1 Hormonal Control of Sex |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
21.3.2 Production of XX Males |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
21.3.3 Sperm Quality of Hormonally Sex-Reversed Males and Cryopreservation |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
21.3.4 All-Female Production and Performances |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
21.4 Sex Control by Chromosomes Set and Ploidy Manipulations |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
|
456 | (5) |
|
22 Sexual Dimorphism in Body Size and Form in Yellow Perch |
|
|
461 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
22.2 Examination of Sexual Dimorphism in Body Size |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
22.3 Examination of Sexual Dimorphism in Body Form |
|
|
463 | (3) |
|
22.4 Growth Dimorphism in Different Culture Conditions |
|
|
466 | (2) |
|
22.5 Morphometric Traits for Analysis of Body Form |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
22.6 Principal Component Analysis |
|
|
468 | (2) |
|
22.7 Discriminant Analysis |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
22.8 Perspectives and Applications |
|
|
471 | (6) |
|
Part VII Sex Determination and Sex Control in Catfish |
|
|
477 | (48) |
|
23 Sex Determination, Gonadal Sex Differentiation, and Sex Control in Channel Catfish |
|
|
479 | (16) |
|
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
23.3 Morphological and Cytological Indices of Gonadal Sex Differentiation |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
23.4 Signaling Mechanisms of Gonadal Sex Differentiation |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
23.4.1 Feminizing Signals |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
23.4.2 Masculinizing Signals |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
23.4.3 Thyroid Hormone: a New Masculinizing Signal? |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
23.5 Paradoxical Sex Reversal |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
23.5.1 Paradoxical Feminization |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
23.5.2 Paradoxical Masculinization |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
23.6 Integrated Model of Signaling Mechanisms |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
489 | (6) |
|
24 Sexual Size Dimorphism, Sex Determination, and Sex Control in Yellow Catfish |
|
|
495 | (14) |
|
|
|
24.1 Sexual Dimorphism and Sex Determination |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
24.1.1 The Phenotype and Molecular Mechanism of Sexual Size Dimorphism |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
24.1.2 Sex Determination System |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
24.2 Sex Control and All-Male Production |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
24.2.1 Production of YY Super-Male |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
24.2.2 Establishment of YY Female |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
24.2.3 Development of Sex Chromosome-Linked DNA Markers |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
24.2.4 Mass Production of XY All-Male |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
24.3 Genetic Mechanism of Sex Determination |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
24.3.1 Identification of Sex-Biased mRNA and miRNAs in the Testis and Ovary |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
24.3.2 Differential Gene Expression Between XY and YY Testis |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
24.4.1 A Prospective Way to Improve the Quality of All-Male |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
24.4.2 The Future Direction on Studying the Molecular Mechanism of Sex Determination |
|
|
503 | (6) |
|
25 Mechanisms of Feminization and Sex Differentiation in Southern Catfish |
|
|
509 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
25.1 Mechanisms of Feminization in Southern Catfish |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
25.1.1 Feminization by Micro-Environmental Changes? |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
25.1.2 Feminization by Gynogenesis |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
25.1.3 Complete Feminization by Feeding Limnodilus spp |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
25.2 Sex Reversal in Southern Catfish |
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
25.2.1 Female-to-Male Sex Reversal |
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
25.2.2 Sex Reversal by the Blockage of Estrogen Production and Function |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
25.3 Sex Differentiation in Southern Catfish |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
25.3.1 Time of Sex Differentiation |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
25.3.2 Genes Involved in Sex Differentiation |
|
|
516 | (2) |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
25.4.1 Genetic Sex Determination (GSD) or Environmental Sex Determination (ESD) |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
25.4.2 Sex Determining Gene and Sex Determination Cascade |
|
|
518 | (7) |
|
Part VIII Sex Determination and Sex Control in Flatfishes |
|
|
525 | (120) |
|
26 Genomic and Epigenetic Aspects of Sex Determination in Half-Smooth Tongue Sole |
|
|
527 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
26.1 Introduction to Sex Determination of the Half-Smooth Tongue Sole |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
26.2 Genomic Foundation of Sex Determination in the Half-Smooth Tongue Sole |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
26.2.1 Whole-Genome Sequencing |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
26.2.2 Genomic Organization and Evolution of Sex Chromosomes |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
26.2.3 Male Sex-Determining Gene dmrt1 |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
26.2.4 Other Sex-Related Genes |
|
|
534 | (4) |
|
26.3 Role of Epigenetic Regulation in Sex Determination and Sex Reversal in the Half-Smooth Tongue Sole |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
26.3.1 Epigenetic Regulation Mechanism of Sex Determination |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
26.3.2 Epigenetic Regulation Mechanism of Sex Reversal |
|
|
541 | (2) |
|
26.4 Conclusions and Future Directions |
|
|
543 | (4) |
|
27 Sex Identification and Control in Half-Smooth Tongue Sole |
|
|
547 | (18) |
|
|
|
27.1 Isolation of Sex-Specific Marker and Identification of Genetic Sex |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
27.1.1 Discovery of Female-Specific Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Marker and Identification of ZZ Male and ZW Female |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
27.1.2 Discovery of Sex-Specific Simple Sequence Repeat Marker and Identification of ZZ Male, ZW Female and WW Superfemale |
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
27.1.3 Application of Sex-Specific Markers in Production of Fry with High Female Proportion |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
27.2 Artificial Propagation |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
27.2.1 Technical Principle |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
27.2.2 Methods and Applications |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
27.3 Artificial Gynogenesis |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
|
556 | (3) |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
27.4.1 Technical Principle |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
27.5 Future Perspectives for Sex Control in Half-Smooth Tongue Sole |
|
|
560 | (5) |
|
28 Reproduction and Sex Control in Turbot |
|
|
565 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28.1 Introduction to Turbot Biology and Aquaculture |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
28.2 Sex Determination in Turbot |
|
|
566 | (3) |
|
28.3 Sex Differentiation in Turbot |
|
|
569 | (2) |
|
28.4 Sex Control in Turbot |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
28.4.1 Environmental Control |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
28.4.2 Hormone Treatments |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
28.4.5 Molecular Tool for Sex Identification |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
28.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives |
|
|
577 | (6) |
|
29 Sex Control in Southern and Summer Flounder |
|
|
583 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
Jamie Mankiewicz Honeycutt |
|
|
|
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
29.1.1 Life Histories of Southern and Summer Flounder |
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
29.1.2 Commercial Aquaculture |
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
29.1.3 Sexually Dimorphic Growth |
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
29.2 Larval Development and Sex Differentiation |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
29.2.1 Embryonic and Larval Development of Southern Flounder |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
29.2.2 Sex Differentiation and Sexual Maturity of Southern Flounder |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
29.2.3 Embryonic and Larval Development of Summer Flounder |
|
|
586 | (1) |
|
29.2.4 Sex Differentiation and Sexual Maturity of Summer Flounder |
|
|
586 | (1) |
|
29.2.5 Early Markers of Sex Differentiation in Flounder |
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
29.3 Sex Control in Southern Flounder |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
29.3.2 Temperature Induced Sex Control |
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
29.3.3 Hormone Treatment for Sex Reversal |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
29.4 Sex Control in Summer Flounder |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
29.4.1 Meiotic Gynogenesis |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
29.4.2 Temperature Induced Sex Control |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
29.4.3 Hormone Treatment for Sex Reversal |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
29.5 Other Factors Influencing Sex |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
29.6 Conclusions and Future Directions |
|
|
596 | (7) |
|
30 Gynogenesis and Sex Control in Japanese Flounder |
|
|
603 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
30.2 Artificially Induced Gynogenesis |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
30.2.1 Induced Meiogynogenesis in the Japanese Flounder |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
30.2.2 Induced Mitogynogenesis in the Japanese Flounder |
|
|
605 | (2) |
|
30.3 Production of Clones |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
30.3.1 Production of Homozygous Clones |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
30.3.2 Production of Heterozygous Clones |
|
|
610 | (3) |
|
|
613 | (2) |
|
|
615 | (6) |
|
31 Sex Determination, Differentiation, and Control in Atlantic Halibut and Pacific Halibut |
|
|
621 | (10) |
|
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
31.3 Sexual Differentiation |
|
|
623 | (2) |
|
|
625 | (2) |
|
|
627 | (4) |
|
32 Sex-Specific Markers, Gynogenesis, and Sex Control in Spotted Halibut |
|
|
631 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
32.2 Methods and Applications |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
32.3 Isolation of Sex-Specific AFLP Markers |
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
32.4 Construction and Characterization of a Genetic Linkage Map |
|
|
634 | (1) |
|
32.5 Development and Evaluation of Gynogenesis Technique |
|
|
634 | (3) |
|
32.6 Comparison of Current Technologies |
|
|
637 | (8) |
|
Part IX Sex Determination and Sex Control in Sturgeons |
|
|
645 | (44) |
|
33 Sex Determination in Sturgeon |
|
|
647 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
647 | (2) |
|
33.2 Sex Determination and Differentiation |
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
33.2.1 Cyto-anatomical Gonad Differentiation |
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
33.2.2 Sex Determining Genes Controlling Early Cyto-Anatomical Sex Differentiation |
|
|
652 | (2) |
|
33.3 Genetic Sex Determination (GSD) |
|
|
654 | (2) |
|
33.4 Sexing in Aquaculture |
|
|
656 | (1) |
|
33.5 Control of Sex - All-Female Stocks? |
|
|
657 | (3) |
|
|
660 | (9) |
|
34 Hybridization and Polyploidization in Sturgeon |
|
|
669 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
34.2 Chromosome Manipulation |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
|
674 | (1) |
|
|
676 | (3) |
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
34.4 Induced Sex Reversion |
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
34.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives |
|
|
681 | (8) |
|
Part X Sex Determination and Sex Control in Crustaceans |
|
|
689 | (34) |
|
35 Sex Control in Cultured Decapod Crustaceans |
|
|
691 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
35.1 Sex Determination and Differentiation in Decapod Crustaceans |
|
|
691 | (3) |
|
35.2 Regulation of Decapod Sexual Development |
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
35.3 Monosex Aquaculture of Decapod Crustaceans |
|
|
695 | (1) |
|
35.4 Commercial Biotechnologies to Achieve Monosex Aquaculture of Decapod Crustaceans |
|
|
696 | (9) |
|
36 Sex Reversal and Determination and Sex Control in Shrimp and Prawn |
|
|
705 | (18) |
|
Danitzia A. Guerrero-Tortolero |
|
|
|
|
705 | (1) |
|
36.2 Sex Reversal Techniques and Male Monosex Aquaculture in Freshwater Species |
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
36.2.1 Sex Reversal in M. Rosenbergii |
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
36.2.2 Sex Reversal in Crayfish |
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
36.2.3 Sex Reversal Techniques Changed from "Manual" to Molecular Biotechnology |
|
|
707 | (1) |
|
36.3 Sex Reversal Techniques in Penaeids |
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
36.4.1 Sex Determination System in Freshwater Species, and Interspecific Hybrids |
|
|
709 | (1) |
|
36.4.2 Sex Determination System in Penaeid Species (Triploid and Tetraploid Shrimp) |
|
|
709 | (3) |
|
36.5 Sex Determination Mechanisms in Insects |
|
|
712 | (1) |
|
36.5.1 Sex Determining Insect Genes Identified in Class Branchiopoda; Daphniidae |
|
|
713 | (1) |
|
36.5.2 Sex Determining Insect Genes Identified in Macrobrachium Nipponense |
|
|
713 | (1) |
|
36.5.3 Sex Determining Insect Genes Identified in Penaeids |
|
|
713 | (1) |
|
36.5.4 Sex Determining Insect Genes Identified in Crabs |
|
|
714 | (1) |
|
36.6 Sex Determination Mechanisms in C. elegans |
|
|
714 | (1) |
|
36.6.1 Fern Genes in Macrobrachium Nipponense |
|
|
714 | (1) |
|
36.6.2 Fern Genes in Penaeids |
|
|
715 | (1) |
|
36.6.3 Fern Genes in Crabs |
|
|
715 | (1) |
|
|
715 | (8) |
|
Part XI Sex Determination and Sex Control in Other Fish Species |
|
|
723 | (102) |
|
37 Sex Determination, Differentiation, and Control in Atlantic Cod |
|
|
725 | (10) |
|
|
|
725 | (1) |
|
|
725 | (3) |
|
37.3 Sexual Differentiation |
|
|
728 | (1) |
|
|
729 | (1) |
|
|
730 | (1) |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
|
731 | (4) |
|
38 Sex Differentiation, Sex Change, and Sex Control in Groupers |
|
|
735 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
735 | (1) |
|
38.2 Sex Differentiation in Grouper |
|
|
736 | (1) |
|
38.2.1 Histological Characteristics of Sex Differentiation |
|
|
736 | (1) |
|
38.2.2 Endocrine Mechanism of Sex Differentiation |
|
|
737 | (1) |
|
38.2.3 Role of Gonadotropin in Sex Differentiation |
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
38.3 Sex Change of Grouper |
|
|
739 | (1) |
|
38.3.1 Histological Characteristics of Gonads During Sex Change |
|
|
739 | (1) |
|
38.3.2 Endocrine Mechanism of Sex Change |
|
|
740 | (1) |
|
38.3.3 Role of Gonadotropin in Sex Change |
|
|
741 | (1) |
|
38.4 Artificial Induction of Sex Reversal |
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
38.4.1 Artificial Induction of Sex Reversal in Juveniles |
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
38.4.2 Artificial Sex Reversal in Adults |
|
|
744 | (1) |
|
|
745 | (6) |
|
39 Artificial Gynogenesis and Sex Control in Large Yellow Croaker |
|
|
751 | (24) |
|
|
|
|
751 | (1) |
|
39.2 Sexual Growth Dimorphism |
|
|
751 | (1) |
|
39.3 Induction and Genetic Analysis of Artificial Gynogenesis |
|
|
752 | (1) |
|
|
752 | (1) |
|
|
758 | (5) |
|
39.4 Sex Determination in Large Yellow Croaker |
|
|
763 | (1) |
|
39.4.1 Elucidation of Sex-Determining Systems Without the Use of Markers |
|
|
763 | (1) |
|
39.4.2 Karyotypical Analysis |
|
|
764 | (1) |
|
39.4.3 DNA Markers for Sex |
|
|
764 | (3) |
|
39.5 Histological Observation on Gonadal Sex Differentiation |
|
|
767 | (1) |
|
39.6 Effects of Exogenous Hormone and Temperature on Sex Differentiation of Large Yellow Croaker |
|
|
768 | (3) |
|
39.7 Conclusions and Perspectives |
|
|
771 | (1) |
|
39.7.1 Culture Platforms and Technology |
|
|
771 | (1) |
|
39.7.2 Parameters of Sex Control |
|
|
771 | (1) |
|
39.7.3 Mechanism of Sex Determination and Differentiation |
|
|
771 | (1) |
|
39.7.4 Relations Between Growth and Gonad Development |
|
|
772 | (3) |
|
40 Sex Determination and Control in Eels |
|
|
775 | (18) |
|
|
|
775 | (1) |
|
40.2 Biology of the Rice Field Eel |
|
|
775 | (1) |
|
|
775 | (1) |
|
40.2.2 Genome and Karyotype |
|
|
776 | (1) |
|
|
776 | (1) |
|
40.2.4 Histology of Gonadal Development |
|
|
776 | (1) |
|
40.3 Sex Determination and Differentiation in the Rice Field Eel |
|
|
777 | (1) |
|
40.3.1 Roles of Certain Key Genes in Sex Determination and Differentiation |
|
|
777 | (1) |
|
40.3.2 Summary and Perspectives |
|
|
781 | (1) |
|
|
781 | (1) |
|
40.4.1 Sex Control in the Rice Field Eel |
|
|
782 | (1) |
|
40.4.2 Sex Control in the Other Eels |
|
|
782 | (1) |
|
40.4.3 Summary and Perspectives |
|
|
785 | (8) |
|
41 Sex Control and Chromosome Manipulation in Cyprinidae: Common Carp and Grass Carp |
|
|
793 | (32) |
|
|
|
|
793 | (1) |
|
41.2 Management of Reproduction - Artificial Propagation and Sex Manipulation |
|
|
793 | (3) |
|
|
796 | (1) |
|
41.3.1 Genetic Sex Determination |
|
|
796 | (1) |
|
41.3.2 Sex Differentiation |
|
|
796 | (1) |
|
41.3.3 Inducement of Sex Reversal by Androgens and Aromatase Inhibitors |
|
|
797 | (1) |
|
41.3.4 Genetic Sex Regulation and Advantage of Raising All-Female Progenies |
|
|
803 | (1) |
|
41.3.5 Induced Gynogenesis |
|
|
804 | (1) |
|
|
805 | (1) |
|
|
806 | (1) |
|
41.4.1 Artificial Propagation and Sex Manipulation |
|
|
806 | (1) |
|
|
808 | (1) |
|
41.4.3 Sex Differentiation |
|
|
809 | (1) |
|
41.4.4 Age-Size Effects on Gonadal Differentiation |
|
|
809 | (1) |
|
41.4.5 Density-Dependent Growth Management |
|
|
810 | (1) |
|
41.4.6 Grass Carp Sex Manipulation - Initial Development (1973-1984) |
|
|
810 | (1) |
|
41.4.7 Integrated Monosex Breeding Program Verification: Albino Grass Carp Model (1994-2000) |
|
|
814 | (1) |
|
41.4.8 Commercial Triploid Production in the United States |
|
|
816 | (9) |
|
|
825 | (7) |
|
|
832 | |