Foreword |
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xv | |
Preface |
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xvii | |
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1 | (28) |
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1.1 Concepts of shield tunnel engineering |
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1 | (2) |
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1.2 Types of shield machines |
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3 | (4) |
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1.3 Development history of shield machine and tunnelling method |
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7 | (11) |
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1.3.1 Overview of development in countries other than China |
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7 | (6) |
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1.3.2 Overview of development in China |
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13 | (5) |
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1.4 Development trend of shield tunnelling method |
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18 | (6) |
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1.4.1 Miniaturization and supersizing |
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18 | (4) |
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22 | (1) |
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1.4.3 High level of automation |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (5) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (2) |
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2 Geological survey and alignment design for a shield tunnel project |
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29 | (48) |
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2.1 Purposes of geological survey |
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29 | (1) |
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2.2 Geological survey contents and methods |
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30 | (19) |
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2.2.1 Geological survey contents |
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30 | (7) |
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37 | (6) |
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2.2.3 Survey results and documentation requirements |
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43 | (6) |
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2.3 Evaluation of engineering geological conditions |
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49 | (6) |
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2.3.1 Contents of the engineering geology evaluation |
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49 | (2) |
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2.3.2 Influence of common strata on shield tunnel construction |
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51 | (4) |
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2.4 Cross-section and alignment design of shield tunnels |
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55 | (9) |
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2.4.1 Classification of shield tunnels |
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55 | (1) |
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2.4.2 Cross section forms of shield tunnels |
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55 | (4) |
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2.4.3 Alignment design of shield tunnel |
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59 | (5) |
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2.5 Case study of a supplementary survey |
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64 | (9) |
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64 | (2) |
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2.5.2 Purposes of the supplementary survey |
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66 | (1) |
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2.5.3 Supplementary survey for karst cave section |
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67 | (1) |
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2.5.4 Engineering geological cqjpditions |
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67 | (5) |
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2.5.5 Hydrogeological conditions |
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72 | (1) |
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25.6 Testing methods of karst cave treatment result |
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73 | (4) |
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2.5.7 Suggestions for shield tunnel construction |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (2) |
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3 Shield machine configurations and working principles |
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77 | (38) |
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3.1 Composition of the two main types of shield machines |
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77 | (1) |
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3.2 Concepts and functions of shield machine components |
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78 | (26) |
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78 | (22) |
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100 | (4) |
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3.3 Working principles of main shield machines |
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104 | (3) |
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104 | (2) |
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3.3.2 Slurry shield machine |
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106 | (1) |
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3.4 Special shield machines |
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107 | (8) |
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3.4.1 Free-section shield machine |
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107 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Radial-expanding shield machine |
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108 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Spherical shield machine |
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109 | (1) |
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3.4.4 Multicycle shield machine |
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109 | (1) |
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3.4.5 Horizontal and vertical shield machine |
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110 | (1) |
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3.4.6 Variable-section shield machine |
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111 | (1) |
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3.4.7 Eccentric multiaxis shield machine |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (2) |
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4 Shield machine selection |
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115 | (58) |
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4.1 Selection principles and methods of shield machines |
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115 | (3) |
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4.1.1 Selection principles |
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115 | (2) |
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117 | (1) |
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4.2 Selection of shield machine types |
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118 | (10) |
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4.2.1 Selection of shield machine types |
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121 | (3) |
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4.2.2 Application extension of EPB and slurry shield machines |
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124 | (4) |
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4.3 Selections of shield machine configurations |
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128 | (19) |
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4.3.1 Cutterhead selection |
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128 | (4) |
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132 | (6) |
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4.3.3 Selection of muck discharging systems |
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138 | (2) |
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4.3.4 Selection of other main configurations |
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140 | (7) |
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4.4 New technologies in the configuration of shield cutters |
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147 | (4) |
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4.4.1 Technologies for the cutterhead configurations |
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147 | (2) |
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4.4.2 New structures and materials for shield cutters |
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149 | (2) |
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4.4.3 New detection technologies of cutter states |
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151 | (1) |
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4.5 Examples of shield machine selection in common strata |
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151 | (22) |
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4.5.1 Shield machine selection for tunnelling in composite strata: EPB shield |
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151 | (10) |
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4.5.2 Shield machine selection for tunnelling under a river: slurry shield |
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161 | (9) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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5 Structure type and design of shield tunnel lining |
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173 | (94) |
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5.1 Types and materials of shield tunnel lining |
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173 | (9) |
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173 | (5) |
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5.1.2 Materials of fabricated segment lining |
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178 | (4) |
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5.2 Segment types and features |
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182 | (7) |
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5.2.1 Classification of segments |
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182 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Features of segments with different section shapes |
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183 | (3) |
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5.2.3 Structure characteristics of segments |
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186 | (3) |
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5.3 Segments assembly and waterproofing |
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189 | (16) |
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5.3.1 Segment connection forms |
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189 | (8) |
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5.3.2 Segment assembly modes |
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197 | (3) |
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5.3.3 Combination forms of segment lining ring |
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200 | (1) |
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5.3.4 Segment lining waterproofing |
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200 | (5) |
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5.4 Load calculation for shield tunnel |
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205 | (14) |
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205 | (2) |
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5.4.2 Load calculation methods |
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207 | (12) |
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5.5 Internal force calculation of segment lining |
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219 | (30) |
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5.5.1 Introduction of internal force calculation methods |
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219 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Routine calculation method and its modified form |
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220 | (4) |
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5.5.3 Multihinged ring calculation method |
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224 | (2) |
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5.5.4 Elastic-hinge ring calculation method |
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226 | (2) |
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5.5.5 Beam-spring model calculation method |
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228 | (4) |
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5.5.6 Numerical simulation method |
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232 | (8) |
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5.5.7 Case study of internal force calculation |
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240 | (9) |
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5.6 Reinforcement and structure design of segments |
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249 | (8) |
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249 | (1) |
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5.6.2 Reinforcement calculation |
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249 | (2) |
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5.6.3 Design of connection joints |
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251 | (1) |
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5.6.4 Design of segment details" |
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252 | (5) |
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5.7 Connection tunnel design |
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257 | (3) |
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257 | (1) |
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5.7.2 Key points for connection tunnel design |
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258 | (1) |
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5.7.3 Connection tunnel structure forms |
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258 | (2) |
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5.8 Seismic design of shield tunnel |
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260 | (7) |
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5.8.1 Seismic coefficient method |
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261 | (1) |
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5.8.2 Displacement response method |
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261 | (1) |
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5.8.3 Surrounding stratum strain transfer method |
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262 | (1) |
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5.8.4 Subgrade reaction coefficient method |
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263 | (1) |
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5.8.5 Dynamic finite element method |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (3) |
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6 Launching and receiving of shield machines |
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267 | (52) |
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6.1 Working shafts and ground improvement for shield machine tunnelling |
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268 | (30) |
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268 | (2) |
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6.1.2 Ground improvement closed to the shafts |
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270 | (9) |
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6.1.3 Safety calculation of the reinforced ground |
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279 | (8) |
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6.1.4 Reinforcement range at the end |
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287 | (8) |
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6.1.5 Soil reinforcement inspection |
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295 | (1) |
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6.1.6 An example of safety calculation |
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296 | (2) |
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6.2 Configurations and technical controls for shield machine launching |
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298 | (8) |
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6.2.1 Shield machine launching configurations |
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298 | (4) |
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6.2.2 Reaction frame for launching |
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302 | (2) |
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6.2.3 Technical controls for shield machine launching |
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304 | (2) |
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6.3 Configurations and technical controls for shield machine receiving |
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306 | (4) |
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6.3.1 Shield machine receiving configurations |
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306 | (2) |
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6.3.2 Technical controls for shield machine receiving |
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308 | (2) |
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6.4 Shield machine launching and receiving under special conditions |
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310 | (9) |
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6.4.1 Steel sleeve-aided technology for shield machine launching and receiving |
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310 | (3) |
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6.4.2 Passing station technology |
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313 | (3) |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (2) |
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7 Shield tunnelling and segment assembling |
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319 | (80) |
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7.1 EPB shield tunnelling technology |
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319 | (14) |
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7.1.1 Calculation and selection of tunnelling parameters |
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319 | (8) |
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7.1.2 Pressure balance control of the excavation face |
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327 | (4) |
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7.1.3 Selection of tunnelling modes |
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331 | (2) |
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7.2 Slurry shield tunnelling technology |
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333 | (4) |
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7.2.1 Control of slurry pressure |
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334 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Management of excavation volume |
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335 | (2) |
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7.3 Segment transport and assembling |
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337 | (14) |
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7.3.1 Segment storage and transport |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (2) |
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7.3.3 Selection of segments |
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340 | (7) |
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7.3.4 Tunnelling errors and technical controls |
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347 | (4) |
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7.4 Technologies for opening excavation chamber and replacing cutters |
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351 | (4) |
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7.4.1 Reasons for opening excavation chamber and changing cutters |
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351 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Methods of replacing cutters |
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352 | (1) |
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7.4.3 Techniques for replacing cutters |
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353 | (2) |
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7.5 Connection tunnels between two main tunnels |
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355 | (2) |
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7.5.1 Functions of connection tunnels |
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355 | (1) |
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7.5.2 Construction method of connection tunnels |
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355 | (2) |
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357 | (9) |
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7.6.1 Monitoring of environment around tunnel |
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359 | (6) |
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7.6.2 Monitoring of tunnel structure |
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365 | (1) |
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7.7 Construction techniques and case studies for shield tunnelling in special conditions |
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366 | (33) |
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7.7.1 Special conditions for shield tunnelling |
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366 | (2) |
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7.7.2 Shield tunnelling in multilayer ground |
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368 | (4) |
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7.7.3 Shield tunnelling in a sandy gravel stratum |
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372 | (4) |
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7.7.4 Shield tunnelling in ground with bedrock or large boulders |
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376 | (3) |
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7.7.5 Shield tunnelling in a karst stratum |
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379 | (3) |
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7.7.6 Shield tunnelling in gassy ground |
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382 | (3) |
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7.7.7 Construction of parallel bored tunnels with small spacing |
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385 | (3) |
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7.7.8 Shield tunnelling with a small-radius curve |
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388 | (4) |
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7.7.9 Shield tunnelling undercrossing existing buildings |
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392 | (4) |
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396 | (1) |
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397 | (2) |
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8 Backfill grouting for shield tunnelling |
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399 | (34) |
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399 | (3) |
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8.1.1 Purposes of backfill grouting |
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399 | (2) |
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8.1.2 Classifications of backfill grouting for the shield |
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401 | (1) |
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402 | (1) |
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8.2 Backfill grouting materials and performance demands |
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402 | (8) |
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8.2.1 Backfill grouting materials and their applicability |
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402 | (4) |
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8.2.2 Performance indexes of backfill grouting materials |
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406 | (2) |
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8.2.3 Basic performance test of backfill grouting material |
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408 | (2) |
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8.2.4 Mixing proportion of grouting materials for typical shield engineering |
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410 | (1) |
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8.3 Common equipments for backfill grouting |
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410 | (9) |
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410 | (3) |
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8.3.2 Injection equipment |
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413 | (2) |
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415 | (2) |
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417 | (2) |
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8.4 Backfill grouting construction and control for shield |
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419 | (7) |
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8.4.1 Backfill grouting process parameter control |
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419 | (2) |
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8.4.2 Grouting construction organization and management |
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421 | (2) |
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8.4.3 Effect evaluation of backfill grouting for segment |
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423 | (1) |
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8.4.4 Common problems and solutions |
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424 | (2) |
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8.5 Backfill grouting process optimization technology and cases |
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426 | (7) |
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8.5.1 Solution of optimal proportioning |
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426 | (2) |
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428 | (3) |
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431 | (1) |
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432 | (1) |
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9 Muck conditioning for EPB shield tunnelling and muck recycling |
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433 | (58) |
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9.1 Reasons for muck conditioning |
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433 | (3) |
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9.2 Properties of the shield muck |
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436 | (3) |
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9.2.1 Composition of muck |
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437 | (1) |
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9.2.2 Physical and mechanical properties of muck |
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438 | (1) |
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9.3 Types and technical parameters of soil-conditioning agents |
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439 | (10) |
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9.3.1 Types of soil-conditioning agents |
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439 | (5) |
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9.3.2 Technical parameters and their determination for soil conditioning |
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444 | (3) |
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9.3.3 Soil adaptability of conditioning agents |
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447 | (2) |
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9.4 Soil conditioning systems |
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449 | (3) |
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9.4.1 Foam injection system |
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449 | (1) |
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9.4.2 Clay mineral injection system |
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450 | (1) |
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9.4.3 Dispersant and flocculant injection system |
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451 | (1) |
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9.5 Index properties and its determination method of conditioned soil |
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452 | (11) |
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9.5.1 Fluidity and plasticity |
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452 | (2) |
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454 | (1) |
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454 | (1) |
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455 | (4) |
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459 | (3) |
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462 | (1) |
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9.5.7 Shield tunnelling parameters |
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462 | (1) |
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9.5.8 Summary of evaluation methods for shield muck properties |
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463 | (1) |
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9.6 Numerical simulation of shield tunnelling under soil conditioning |
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463 | (7) |
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9.7 Case study of muck conditioning for shield tunnelling |
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470 | (8) |
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470 | (1) |
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9.7.2 Necessities for soil conditioning |
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470 | (1) |
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9.7.3 Selection of conditioning agent |
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471 | (1) |
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9.7.4 Determination of conditioning parameters |
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472 | (1) |
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9.7.5 Muck conditioning parameters for shield tunnelling |
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473 | (2) |
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9.7.6 Soil conditioning effect analysis |
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475 | (3) |
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9.8 Recycling of shield muck as resources |
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478 | (7) |
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9.8.1 Significance of muck recycling |
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478 | (1) |
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9.8.2 Methods and case studies of muck recycling |
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479 | (6) |
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9.9 Technical issues of muck conditioning |
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485 | (6) |
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487 | (3) |
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490 | (1) |
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10 Slurry treatment for shield tunnelling and waste slurry recycling |
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491 | (32) |
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491 | (1) |
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492 | (8) |
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10.2.1 Functions of slurry |
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492 | (2) |
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10.2.2 Composition of shield slurry |
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494 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Shield slurry performance and index |
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495 | (2) |
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10.2.4 Shield slurry performance requirements |
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497 | (3) |
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10.3 Slurry treatment site layout and equipments |
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500 | (9) |
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10.3.1 Slurry treatment site layout |
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500 | (1) |
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10.3.2 Slurry treatment equipments |
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501 | (8) |
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10.4 Case study on shield slurry treatment |
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509 | (6) |
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509 | (1) |
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10.4.2 Engineering geology |
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509 | (1) |
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510 | (5) |
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10.4.4 Site slurry treatment effect |
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515 | (1) |
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10.5 Recycling of waste slurry and case studies |
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515 | (8) |
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10.5.1 Recycling of waste slurry in backfill grouting |
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517 | (2) |
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10.5.2 Recycling of waste slurry in subgrade engineering |
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519 | (1) |
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10.5.3 Recycling of waste slurry in reclamation materials |
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520 | (1) |
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520 | (1) |
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521 | (2) |
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11 Ground deformation and its effects on the environment |
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523 | (58) |
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11.1 Shield tunnelling induced ground deformation |
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523 | (3) |
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11.1.1 Main reasons and mechanisms of ground deformation |
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523 | (1) |
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11.1.2 Effects of shield tunnelling induced groundwater loss |
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523 | (2) |
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11.1.3 Effects of shield tunnel construction on ground deformation |
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525 | (1) |
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11.2 Ground loss in shield tunnel construction |
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526 | (10) |
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11.2.1 Concept and composition of ground loss |
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526 | (1) |
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11.2.2 Calculation method of ground loss |
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527 | (7) |
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534 | (2) |
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11.3 Prediction of ground deformation |
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536 | (24) |
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11.3.1 Empirical formula method |
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537 | (5) |
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11.3.2 Method based on stochastic medium theory |
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542 | (6) |
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548 | (8) |
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11.3.4 Numerical analysis |
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556 | (1) |
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557 | (1) |
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558 | (2) |
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11.4 Assessment of the effects of shield tunnelling on existing buildings |
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560 | (11) |
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11.4.1 Buildings damage forms |
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561 | (1) |
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11.4.2 Assessing methods for building deformation and damages |
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562 | (7) |
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11.4.3 Calculation engineering cases |
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569 | (2) |
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11.5 Common methods for ground deformation control |
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571 | (10) |
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11.5.1 Common methods for ground deformation control |
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571 | (2) |
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11.5.2 Control of shield tunnelling parameters |
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573 | (4) |
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11.5.3 Ground reinforcement |
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577 | (1) |
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578 | (2) |
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580 | (1) |
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12 Defects of shield tunnel lining and their treatments |
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581 | (32) |
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12.1 Common defect causes and control measures |
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581 | (14) |
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12.1.1 Uneven circumferential joint |
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581 | (1) |
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12.1.2 Uneven longitudinal joint |
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582 | (2) |
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584 | (6) |
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12.1.4 Segment dislocation |
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590 | (1) |
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12.1.5 Segment joint damage |
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591 | (1) |
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12.1.6 Water leakage of a segment |
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592 | (2) |
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594 | (1) |
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12.1.8 Frost damage in a segment |
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594 | (1) |
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12.2 Investigation of defects in the shield tunnel segments |
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595 | (5) |
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12.2.1 Defects investigation methods |
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595 | (1) |
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12.2.2 Main investigation content |
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596 | (4) |
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12.3 Safety evaluation of the shield tunnel structure |
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600 | (6) |
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12.3.1 Safety monitoring of the shield tunnel lining structure |
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600 | (2) |
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12.3.2 Safety evaluation content of the shield tunnel lining structure |
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602 | (1) |
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12.3.3 Classification standard for typical defects of the shield tunnel lining structure |
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603 | (3) |
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12.4 Defect treatment in the shield tunnel lining |
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606 | (7) |
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12.4.1 Treatment principle for defects in the segment lining |
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606 | (1) |
|
12.4.2 Treatment for lining cracks |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
12.4.3 Treatment for water leakage of segment lining |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
12.4.4 Treatment for corrosion of segment lining |
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
12.4.5 Prospect for durability guarantee technology in the segment lining structure |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
612 | (1) |
Index |
|
613 | |