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E-grāmata: Shield Tunnel Engineering: From Theory to Practice

, (Professor of Civil Engineering and Deputy Director, Department of Tunnel Engineering, Central South University, China), (Lecturer, Central South University of Forestry and Technol), (Associate Professor, Central South University, China)
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  • Izdošanas datums: 08-Aug-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128242452
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  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 08-Aug-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128242452
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Shield Tunnel Engineering: From Theory to Practice is a key technique that offers one of the most important ways to build tunnels in fast, relatively safe, and ecologically friendly ways. The book presents state-of-the-art solutions for engineers working within the field of shield tunnelling technology for railways. It includes expertise from major projects in shield tunnel construction for high-speed rail, subways and other major projects. In particular, it presents a series of advances in shield muck conditioning technology, slurry treatment, backfill grouting, and environmental impact and control. In this volume, foundational knowledge is combined with the latest advances in shield tunnel engineering.

Twelve chapters cover key areas including geological investigation, the types, structures and workings of shield machines, selecting a machine, shield segment design, shield tunnelling parameter control, soil conditioning for earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunnelling, shield slurry treatment, backfill grouting, environmental impact, and problems in shield tunnel structures and their amelioration. This book presents the essential knowledge needed for shield tunnel engineering, the latest advances in the field, and practical guidance for engineers.

  • Presents the foundational concepts of shield tunnel engineering
  • Gives the latest advances in shield tunnel engineering techniques
  • Considers common problems in shield tunnel structures and their solutions
  • Lays out step-by-step guidance for engineers working with shield tunnelling
  • Assesses environmental impacts and their control in shield tunnel engineering
Foreword xv
Preface xvii
1 Introduction
1(28)
1.1 Concepts of shield tunnel engineering
1(2)
1.2 Types of shield machines
3(4)
1.3 Development history of shield machine and tunnelling method
7(11)
1.3.1 Overview of development in countries other than China
7(6)
1.3.2 Overview of development in China
13(5)
1.4 Development trend of shield tunnelling method
18(6)
1.4.1 Miniaturization and supersizing
18(4)
1.4.2 Diversified forms
22(1)
1.4.3 High level of automation
22(1)
1.4.4 High adaptability
22(2)
1.5 Book organization
24(5)
References
26(1)
Exercises
27(2)
2 Geological survey and alignment design for a shield tunnel project
29(48)
2.1 Purposes of geological survey
29(1)
2.2 Geological survey contents and methods
30(19)
2.2.1 Geological survey contents
30(7)
2.2.2 Main survey means
37(6)
2.2.3 Survey results and documentation requirements
43(6)
2.3 Evaluation of engineering geological conditions
49(6)
2.3.1 Contents of the engineering geology evaluation
49(2)
2.3.2 Influence of common strata on shield tunnel construction
51(4)
2.4 Cross-section and alignment design of shield tunnels
55(9)
2.4.1 Classification of shield tunnels
55(1)
2.4.2 Cross section forms of shield tunnels
55(4)
2.4.3 Alignment design of shield tunnel
59(5)
2.5 Case study of a supplementary survey
64(9)
2.5.1 Project overview
64(2)
2.5.2 Purposes of the supplementary survey
66(1)
2.5.3 Supplementary survey for karst cave section
67(1)
2.5.4 Engineering geological cqjpditions
67(5)
2.5.5 Hydrogeological conditions
72(1)
25.6 Testing methods of karst cave treatment result
73(4)
2.5.7 Suggestions for shield tunnel construction
73(1)
References
74(1)
Exercises
75(2)
3 Shield machine configurations and working principles
77(38)
3.1 Composition of the two main types of shield machines
77(1)
3.2 Concepts and functions of shield machine components
78(26)
3.2.1 Basic components
78(22)
3.2.2 Backup systems
100(4)
3.3 Working principles of main shield machines
104(3)
3.3.1 EPB shield machine
104(2)
3.3.2 Slurry shield machine
106(1)
3.4 Special shield machines
107(8)
3.4.1 Free-section shield machine
107(1)
3.4.2 Radial-expanding shield machine
108(1)
3.4.3 Spherical shield machine
109(1)
3.4.4 Multicycle shield machine
109(1)
3.4.5 Horizontal and vertical shield machine
110(1)
3.4.6 Variable-section shield machine
111(1)
3.4.7 Eccentric multiaxis shield machine
112(1)
References
112(1)
Exercises
113(2)
4 Shield machine selection
115(58)
4.1 Selection principles and methods of shield machines
115(3)
4.1.1 Selection principles
115(2)
4.1.2 Selection methods
117(1)
4.2 Selection of shield machine types
118(10)
4.2.1 Selection of shield machine types
121(3)
4.2.2 Application extension of EPB and slurry shield machines
124(4)
4.3 Selections of shield machine configurations
128(19)
4.3.1 Cutterhead selection
128(4)
4.3.2 Cutter selection
132(6)
4.3.3 Selection of muck discharging systems
138(2)
4.3.4 Selection of other main configurations
140(7)
4.4 New technologies in the configuration of shield cutters
147(4)
4.4.1 Technologies for the cutterhead configurations
147(2)
4.4.2 New structures and materials for shield cutters
149(2)
4.4.3 New detection technologies of cutter states
151(1)
4.5 Examples of shield machine selection in common strata
151(22)
4.5.1 Shield machine selection for tunnelling in composite strata: EPB shield
151(10)
4.5.2 Shield machine selection for tunnelling under a river: slurry shield
161(9)
References
170(1)
Exercises
171(2)
5 Structure type and design of shield tunnel lining
173(94)
5.1 Types and materials of shield tunnel lining
173(9)
5.1.1 Structure types
173(5)
5.1.2 Materials of fabricated segment lining
178(4)
5.2 Segment types and features
182(7)
5.2.1 Classification of segments
182(1)
5.2.2 Features of segments with different section shapes
183(3)
5.2.3 Structure characteristics of segments
186(3)
5.3 Segments assembly and waterproofing
189(16)
5.3.1 Segment connection forms
189(8)
5.3.2 Segment assembly modes
197(3)
5.3.3 Combination forms of segment lining ring
200(1)
5.3.4 Segment lining waterproofing
200(5)
5.4 Load calculation for shield tunnel
205(14)
5.4.1 Load hypothesis
205(2)
5.4.2 Load calculation methods
207(12)
5.5 Internal force calculation of segment lining
219(30)
5.5.1 Introduction of internal force calculation methods
219(1)
5.5.2 Routine calculation method and its modified form
220(4)
5.5.3 Multihinged ring calculation method
224(2)
5.5.4 Elastic-hinge ring calculation method
226(2)
5.5.5 Beam-spring model calculation method
228(4)
5.5.6 Numerical simulation method
232(8)
5.5.7 Case study of internal force calculation
240(9)
5.6 Reinforcement and structure design of segments
249(8)
5.6.1 Design principle
249(1)
5.6.2 Reinforcement calculation
249(2)
5.6.3 Design of connection joints
251(1)
5.6.4 Design of segment details"
252(5)
5.7 Connection tunnel design
257(3)
5.7.1 Design principle
257(1)
5.7.2 Key points for connection tunnel design
258(1)
5.7.3 Connection tunnel structure forms
258(2)
5.8 Seismic design of shield tunnel
260(7)
5.8.1 Seismic coefficient method
261(1)
5.8.2 Displacement response method
261(1)
5.8.3 Surrounding stratum strain transfer method
262(1)
5.8.4 Subgrade reaction coefficient method
263(1)
5.8.5 Dynamic finite element method
263(1)
References
263(1)
Exercises
264(3)
6 Launching and receiving of shield machines
267(52)
6.1 Working shafts and ground improvement for shield machine tunnelling
268(30)
6.1.1 Working shafts
268(2)
6.1.2 Ground improvement closed to the shafts
270(9)
6.1.3 Safety calculation of the reinforced ground
279(8)
6.1.4 Reinforcement range at the end
287(8)
6.1.5 Soil reinforcement inspection
295(1)
6.1.6 An example of safety calculation
296(2)
6.2 Configurations and technical controls for shield machine launching
298(8)
6.2.1 Shield machine launching configurations
298(4)
6.2.2 Reaction frame for launching
302(2)
6.2.3 Technical controls for shield machine launching
304(2)
6.3 Configurations and technical controls for shield machine receiving
306(4)
6.3.1 Shield machine receiving configurations
306(2)
6.3.2 Technical controls for shield machine receiving
308(2)
6.4 Shield machine launching and receiving under special conditions
310(9)
6.4.1 Steel sleeve-aided technology for shield machine launching and receiving
310(3)
6.4.2 Passing station technology
313(3)
References
316(1)
Exercises
317(2)
7 Shield tunnelling and segment assembling
319(80)
7.1 EPB shield tunnelling technology
319(14)
7.1.1 Calculation and selection of tunnelling parameters
319(8)
7.1.2 Pressure balance control of the excavation face
327(4)
7.1.3 Selection of tunnelling modes
331(2)
7.2 Slurry shield tunnelling technology
333(4)
7.2.1 Control of slurry pressure
334(1)
7.2.2 Management of excavation volume
335(2)
7.3 Segment transport and assembling
337(14)
7.3.1 Segment storage and transport
337(1)
7.3.2 Segment assembly
338(2)
7.3.3 Selection of segments
340(7)
7.3.4 Tunnelling errors and technical controls
347(4)
7.4 Technologies for opening excavation chamber and replacing cutters
351(4)
7.4.1 Reasons for opening excavation chamber and changing cutters
351(1)
7.4.2 Methods of replacing cutters
352(1)
7.4.3 Techniques for replacing cutters
353(2)
7.5 Connection tunnels between two main tunnels
355(2)
7.5.1 Functions of connection tunnels
355(1)
7.5.2 Construction method of connection tunnels
355(2)
7.6 Monitoring
357(9)
7.6.1 Monitoring of environment around tunnel
359(6)
7.6.2 Monitoring of tunnel structure
365(1)
7.7 Construction techniques and case studies for shield tunnelling in special conditions
366(33)
7.7.1 Special conditions for shield tunnelling
366(2)
7.7.2 Shield tunnelling in multilayer ground
368(4)
7.7.3 Shield tunnelling in a sandy gravel stratum
372(4)
7.7.4 Shield tunnelling in ground with bedrock or large boulders
376(3)
7.7.5 Shield tunnelling in a karst stratum
379(3)
7.7.6 Shield tunnelling in gassy ground
382(3)
7.7.7 Construction of parallel bored tunnels with small spacing
385(3)
7.7.8 Shield tunnelling with a small-radius curve
388(4)
7.7.9 Shield tunnelling undercrossing existing buildings
392(4)
References
396(1)
Exercises
397(2)
8 Backfill grouting for shield tunnelling
399(34)
8.1 Introduction
399(3)
8.1.1 Purposes of backfill grouting
399(2)
8.1.2 Classifications of backfill grouting for the shield
401(1)
8.1.3 Segment grouting
402(1)
8.2 Backfill grouting materials and performance demands
402(8)
8.2.1 Backfill grouting materials and their applicability
402(4)
8.2.2 Performance indexes of backfill grouting materials
406(2)
8.2.3 Basic performance test of backfill grouting material
408(2)
8.2.4 Mixing proportion of grouting materials for typical shield engineering
410(1)
8.3 Common equipments for backfill grouting
410(9)
8.3.1 Mixing equipment
410(3)
8.3.2 Injection equipment
413(2)
8.3.3 Control system
415(2)
8.3.4 Precautions
417(2)
8.4 Backfill grouting construction and control for shield
419(7)
8.4.1 Backfill grouting process parameter control
419(2)
8.4.2 Grouting construction organization and management
421(2)
8.4.3 Effect evaluation of backfill grouting for segment
423(1)
8.4.4 Common problems and solutions
424(2)
8.5 Backfill grouting process optimization technology and cases
426(7)
8.5.1 Solution of optimal proportioning
426(2)
8.5.2 Cases
428(3)
References
431(1)
Exercises
432(1)
9 Muck conditioning for EPB shield tunnelling and muck recycling
433(58)
9.1 Reasons for muck conditioning
433(3)
9.2 Properties of the shield muck
436(3)
9.2.1 Composition of muck
437(1)
9.2.2 Physical and mechanical properties of muck
438(1)
9.3 Types and technical parameters of soil-conditioning agents
439(10)
9.3.1 Types of soil-conditioning agents
439(5)
9.3.2 Technical parameters and their determination for soil conditioning
444(3)
9.3.3 Soil adaptability of conditioning agents
447(2)
9.4 Soil conditioning systems
449(3)
9.4.1 Foam injection system
449(1)
9.4.2 Clay mineral injection system
450(1)
9.4.3 Dispersant and flocculant injection system
451(1)
9.5 Index properties and its determination method of conditioned soil
452(11)
9.5.1 Fluidity and plasticity
452(2)
9.5.2 Permeability
454(1)
9.5.3 Abrasion
454(1)
9.5.4 Adhesion
455(4)
9.5.5 Shear strength
459(3)
9.5.6 Compressibility
462(1)
9.5.7 Shield tunnelling parameters
462(1)
9.5.8 Summary of evaluation methods for shield muck properties
463(1)
9.6 Numerical simulation of shield tunnelling under soil conditioning
463(7)
9.7 Case study of muck conditioning for shield tunnelling
470(8)
9.7.1 Project overview
470(1)
9.7.2 Necessities for soil conditioning
470(1)
9.7.3 Selection of conditioning agent
471(1)
9.7.4 Determination of conditioning parameters
472(1)
9.7.5 Muck conditioning parameters for shield tunnelling
473(2)
9.7.6 Soil conditioning effect analysis
475(3)
9.8 Recycling of shield muck as resources
478(7)
9.8.1 Significance of muck recycling
478(1)
9.8.2 Methods and case studies of muck recycling
479(6)
9.9 Technical issues of muck conditioning
485(6)
References
487(3)
Exercises
490(1)
10 Slurry treatment for shield tunnelling and waste slurry recycling
491(32)
10.1 General
491(1)
10.2 Shield slurry
492(8)
10.2.1 Functions of slurry
492(2)
10.2.2 Composition of shield slurry
494(1)
10.2.3 Shield slurry performance and index
495(2)
10.2.4 Shield slurry performance requirements
497(3)
10.3 Slurry treatment site layout and equipments
500(9)
10.3.1 Slurry treatment site layout
500(1)
10.3.2 Slurry treatment equipments
501(8)
10.4 Case study on shield slurry treatment
509(6)
10.4.1 Project profile
509(1)
10.4.2 Engineering geology
509(1)
10.4.3 Slurry disposal
510(5)
10.4.4 Site slurry treatment effect
515(1)
10.5 Recycling of waste slurry and case studies
515(8)
10.5.1 Recycling of waste slurry in backfill grouting
517(2)
10.5.2 Recycling of waste slurry in subgrade engineering
519(1)
10.5.3 Recycling of waste slurry in reclamation materials
520(1)
References
520(1)
Exercises
521(2)
11 Ground deformation and its effects on the environment
523(58)
11.1 Shield tunnelling induced ground deformation
523(3)
11.1.1 Main reasons and mechanisms of ground deformation
523(1)
11.1.2 Effects of shield tunnelling induced groundwater loss
523(2)
11.1.3 Effects of shield tunnel construction on ground deformation
525(1)
11.2 Ground loss in shield tunnel construction
526(10)
11.2.1 Concept and composition of ground loss
526(1)
11.2.2 Calculation method of ground loss
527(7)
11.2.3 Calculation cases
534(2)
11.3 Prediction of ground deformation
536(24)
11.3.1 Empirical formula method
537(5)
11.3.2 Method based on stochastic medium theory
542(6)
11.3.3 Analytical method
548(8)
11.3.4 Numerical analysis
556(1)
11.3.5 Model experiment
557(1)
11.3.6 Other methods
558(2)
11.4 Assessment of the effects of shield tunnelling on existing buildings
560(11)
11.4.1 Buildings damage forms
561(1)
11.4.2 Assessing methods for building deformation and damages
562(7)
11.4.3 Calculation engineering cases
569(2)
11.5 Common methods for ground deformation control
571(10)
11.5.1 Common methods for ground deformation control
571(2)
11.5.2 Control of shield tunnelling parameters
573(4)
11.5.3 Ground reinforcement
577(1)
References
578(2)
Exercises
580(1)
12 Defects of shield tunnel lining and their treatments
581(32)
12.1 Common defect causes and control measures
581(14)
12.1.1 Uneven circumferential joint
581(1)
12.1.2 Uneven longitudinal joint
582(2)
12.1.3 Segment cracks
584(6)
12.1.4 Segment dislocation
590(1)
12.1.5 Segment joint damage
591(1)
12.1.6 Water leakage of a segment
592(2)
12.1.7 Segment corrosion
594(1)
12.1.8 Frost damage in a segment
594(1)
12.2 Investigation of defects in the shield tunnel segments
595(5)
12.2.1 Defects investigation methods
595(1)
12.2.2 Main investigation content
596(4)
12.3 Safety evaluation of the shield tunnel structure
600(6)
12.3.1 Safety monitoring of the shield tunnel lining structure
600(2)
12.3.2 Safety evaluation content of the shield tunnel lining structure
602(1)
12.3.3 Classification standard for typical defects of the shield tunnel lining structure
603(3)
12.4 Defect treatment in the shield tunnel lining
606(7)
12.4.1 Treatment principle for defects in the segment lining
606(1)
12.4.2 Treatment for lining cracks
607(1)
12.4.3 Treatment for water leakage of segment lining
608(1)
12.4.4 Treatment for corrosion of segment lining
609(1)
12.4.5 Prospect for durability guarantee technology in the segment lining structure
610(1)
References
611(1)
Exercises
612(1)
Index 613
Shuying Wang is a Professor of Civil Engineering, and a deputy director in the Department of Tunnel Engineering, at Central South University, in China. He received a PhD from Missouri University of Science and Technology, USA, focusing on cyclic and postcyclic behavior of low-plasticity silt. His current research interests include tunnel engineering and experimental investigation of earth materials. He has published over 60 papers, and holds 10 Chinese patents. He has won several professional prizes, and serves as an editorial board member for major journals. Jinyang Fu is an Associate Professor at Central South University. in China. He received his PhD from the Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany. His current interests include tunnelling ground structure interaction, numerical analysis in underground engineering, and health detection in underground structures by computer vision. He has led projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, as well as participating in corporate research projects. He has published over 20 papers, and holds five Chinese patents. Dr. Cong Zhang is a lecturer of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, China. In 2019, he graduated from Central South University with a doctoral degree in engineering. His research interest is mainly focus on research and development of new grouting materials, numerical analysis method of grouting, and the rehabilitation of tunnels and underground structures. He has presided over and participated in more than 10 projects entrusted by the state, provincial and ministerial level, as well as enterprises and companies, also won the second prize of science and technology progress of Ministry of Education in 2019 (in seventh place). In addition, he is published more than 30 journal papers indexed by SCI/EI, authorized 10 national patents. Junsheng Yang is a Professor at the Central South University, in China. He received his PhD from the Central South University of Technology in 1996 (now Central South University). His main focus is on teaching and research in tunnel and underground engineering. His research includes impact assessment and risk control for sensitive structures adjacent to tunnels, amelioration of tunnel defects, construction mechanics and risk assessment, shield technology, and other areas focusing on tunnelling and geotechnical mechanics. He has led over 50 projects for government and enterprise, and has published over 200 papers, a monograph, and five textbooks.