Preface |
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1 | (6) |
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1.1 HF Radio Transmissions |
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2 | (2) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.2.1 Transmitting Antennas |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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1.2.3 Antenna Polarization |
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5 | (1) |
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1.3 HF Radio in the Computer Age |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (16) |
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2.1 Surface-Wave Propagation |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (5) |
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8 | (2) |
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2.2.2 Ionospheric Propagation |
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10 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Near Vertical Incidence Skywave |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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2.3 Noise in the High-Frequency Band |
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13 | (1) |
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2.4 Models of the HF Communication Channel |
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14 | (6) |
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2.4.1 Propagation Prediction |
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14 | (2) |
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2.4.2 The Watterson Model |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (3) |
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20 | (3) |
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Chapter 3 Data Transmission in 3-kHz Channels |
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23 | (40) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (23) |
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24 | (9) |
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3.2.2 PSK Serial-Tone Waveforms |
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33 | (9) |
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3.2.3 MIL-STD-188-110B and STANAG 4539 |
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42 | (5) |
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3.3 ARQ for HF Radio Data Links |
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47 | (8) |
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3.3.1 Introduction to ARQ Protocols for HF Radio Links |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (2) |
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50 | (5) |
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55 | (8) |
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3.4.1 Media Access Control Options |
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55 | (4) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (3) |
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Chapter 4 Automatic Link Establishment |
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63 | (24) |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (5) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Forward Error Correction |
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67 | (4) |
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71 | (1) |
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4.4 Automatic Channel Selection |
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72 | (2) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Link Quality Analysis |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (6) |
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75 | (1) |
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4.5.2 Individual Calling Protocol |
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75 | (2) |
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4.5.3 Net Calling Protocol |
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77 | (1) |
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4.5.4 Group Calling Protocol |
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77 | (1) |
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4.5.5 Other One-to-Many Calling Protocols |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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4.5.7 ALE Performance Requirements |
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79 | (1) |
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4.5.8 Orderwire Functions |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (7) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (2) |
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4.6.3 Application Levels and Algorithms |
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83 | (1) |
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4.6.4 Time Synchronization |
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83 | (2) |
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85 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 Third-Generation Technology |
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87 | (100) |
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5.1 Introduction to the 3G HF Technology Suite |
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88 | (2) |
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90 | (8) |
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5.2.1 Generic Structure of the Burst Waveforms |
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90 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Burst Waveform 0 (BW0) |
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92 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Burst Waveform 1 (BW1) |
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92 | (2) |
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5.2.4 Burst Waveform 2 (BW2) |
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94 | (2) |
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5.2.5 Burst Waveform 3 (BW3) |
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96 | (1) |
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5.2.6 Burst Waveform 4 (BW4) |
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97 | (1) |
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5.2.7 Burst Waveform 5 (BW5) |
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97 | (1) |
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5.3 Third-Generation Automatic Link Establishment |
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98 | (40) |
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5.3.1 Synchronous Operation |
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100 | (2) |
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5.3.2 3G Frequency Management |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (15) |
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118 | (15) |
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133 | (5) |
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138 | (3) |
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139 | (1) |
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5.4.2 TM Protocol Operation |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (20) |
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5.5.1 3G Data Link Protocols: A New Approach |
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142 | (1) |
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5.5.2 LDL: Low-Latency Data Link Protocol |
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143 | (3) |
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5.5.3 High-Throughput Data Link Protocol |
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146 | (4) |
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5.5.4 HDL+ Data Link Protocol |
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150 | (2) |
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5.5.5 3G Data Link Performance |
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152 | (9) |
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5.6 Automatic Link Maintenance |
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161 | (4) |
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162 | (1) |
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5.6.2 ALM Protocol Operations |
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162 | (3) |
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165 | (11) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (2) |
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168 | (7) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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5.8 3G Performance in Internet Applications |
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176 | (6) |
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5.8.1 Characteristics of Internet Applications |
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176 | (3) |
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5.8.2 Interaction of Internet Protocols with HF Data Links |
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179 | (3) |
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182 | (1) |
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5.10 Summary of 3G HF Technology |
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183 | (4) |
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184 | (3) |
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187 | (44) |
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187 | (1) |
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6.2 The Need for Higher Data Rates |
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188 | (1) |
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6.2.1 Large Files to Fast Movers |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Common Operating Picture (Surface-Wave) |
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189 | (1) |
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6.3 Achieving Higher Data Rates |
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189 | (5) |
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190 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Multichannel Waveforms |
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191 | (2) |
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6.3.3 Wider Contiguous Bandwidth Waveforms |
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193 | (1) |
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6.3.4 Best Approach for WBHF |
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194 | (1) |
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6.4 Standardization of Wideband HF Technology in the United States |
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194 | (13) |
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194 | (2) |
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6.4.2 WBHF Waveform Design |
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196 | (1) |
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6.4.3 WBHF Data Modulations |
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197 | (3) |
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6.4.4 Synchronization Preamble |
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200 | (2) |
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6.4.5 Data Blocks and Miniprobes |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (2) |
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6.4.8 Standardized Feature Packages |
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207 | (1) |
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6.4.9 WBHF Performance Requirements |
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207 | (1) |
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6.5 WBHF Application Performance |
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207 | (7) |
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6.5.1 Estimated Application Performance: File Transfer |
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208 | (2) |
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6.5.2 Estimated Application Performance: Video Over HF Skywave |
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210 | (2) |
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6.5.3 Estimated Application Performance: Common Operating Picture |
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212 | (2) |
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6.5.4 Robust Voice Communications |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (12) |
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6.6.1 Harris On-Air Testing |
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214 | (4) |
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6.6.2 Rockwell-Collins On-Air Testing |
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218 | (8) |
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6.7 Operational Considerations |
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226 | (5) |
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228 | (3) |
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Chapter 7 Future Directions |
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231 | (10) |
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231 | (7) |
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7.1.1 Wideband ALE Design Considerations |
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231 | (1) |
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7.1.2 A Conceptual WBALE System |
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232 | (2) |
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7.1.3 Spectrum "Sense and Avoid" Demonstrated |
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234 | (1) |
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7.1.4 A "Hybrid Simulation" Experiment |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (3) |
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238 | (3) |
Acronyms and Abbreviations |
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241 | (4) |
About the Authors |
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245 | (2) |
Index |
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247 | |