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E-grāmata: Tort Law

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(University of Bristol School of Law, Bristol, UK), (University of Auckland, New Zealand)
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Feb-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Red Globe Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781352011425
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Tort LawPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Feb-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Red Globe Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781352011425
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Written by leading academics, this exciting new student-focused textbook offers readers a comprehensive understanding of Tort Law and enables them to become confident critical thinkers. Accessible and thought-provoking, Tort Law combines clear explanations of core legal principles and recent legal developments with lively discussions of key academic perspectives. Extended problem questions, flowcharts and relatable examples help students to understand how law works in a practical context and prepares them for success in assignments and exams. Engaging pedagogical boxes, such as Viewpoint and Making Connections, encourage students to develop their own critical thinking practice and appreciate how Tort Law interacts with other areas of the core law curriculum.

Comprehensive and student-friendly with engaging visual features, Tort Law is an essential companion for all undergraduate Tort Law modules, for students of all abilities.

Accompanying online resources for this title can be found at bloomsburyonlineresources.com/tort-law. These resources are designed to support teaching and learning when using this textbook and are available at no extra cost.
Table of cases
xvi
Table of legislation
xxvii
About the authors xxx
Preface xxxi
Acknowledgements xxxii
Tour of the book xxxiv
1 Introduction
1(10)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 What is a tort and the history of tort law
1(2)
1.3 Aims of tort law
3(1)
1.4 Interests protected by tort law
3(2)
1.5 Limitations of tort law
5(1)
1.6 `Compensation culture'
5(2)
1.7 Tort law and insurance
7(1)
1.8 Alternative systems
8(2)
1.9
Chapter summary
10(1)
Further reading
10(1)
PART 1 THE TORT OF NEGLIGENCE
11(152)
2 Duty of Care
13(29)
2.1 Introduction
14(1)
2.2 Foundations of the modern tort of negligence
14(2)
2.3 Establishing a duty of care
16(8)
2.3.1 From Caparo to Robinson
16(3)
2.3.2 Legally significant features
19(5)
2.4 Acts vs omissions or misfeasance vs nonfeasance
24(4)
2.4.1 The general rule
24(1)
2.4.2 When will liability for omissions arise?
25(3)
2.5 Liability of public bodies
28(12)
2.5.1 General principles
28(2)
2.5.2 Tort and the Human Rights Act 1998
30(7)
2.5.3 Is there a specific application of these principles to the police and emergency services?
37(3)
2.6
Chapter summary
40(2)
Further reading
40(1)
Roadmap
41(1)
3 Pure Economic Loss
42(19)
3.1 Introduction
43(1)
3.2 What is pure economic loss?
44(1)
3.3 Relational economic loss
44(2)
3.4 Negligent services
46(8)
3.4.1 The development of Hedley Byrne liability
50(4)
3.5 Defective premises
54(5)
3.6
Chapter summary
59(2)
Further reading
59(1)
Roadmap
60(1)
4 Psychiatric Injury
61(25)
4.1 Introduction
62(1)
4.2 Abandoning the search for a principle
63(2)
4.3 What is `psychiatric harm'?
65(1)
4.4 Distinguishing between primary and secondary victims
66(16)
4.4.1 Primary victims
66(7)
4.4.2 Secondary victims
73(9)
4.5 Law in need of reform?
82(1)
4.6
Chapter summary
83(3)
Further reading
84(1)
Roadmap
85(1)
5 Breach of Duty
86(19)
5.1 Introduction
87(1)
5.2 The objective standard of care
87(6)
5.2.1 Specific circumstances
89(2)
5.2.2 The relevance of risk
91(2)
5.3 The standard to be applied to children
93(3)
5.4 The standard to be applied to professionals
96(4)
5.5 Failure to warn patients of risks
100(1)
5.6 Social Action, Responsibility and Heroism (SARAH) Act 2015
101(1)
5.7 Res ipso loquitur
102(1)
5.8
Chapter summary
103(2)
Further reading
103(1)
Roadmap
104(1)
6 Causation
105(38)
6.1 Introduction
106(1)
6.2 Why is the causal inquiry significant and what role does it play?
107(1)
6.3 But for causation
108(15)
6.3.1 Basic but for causation
108(2)
6.3.2 Divisible and indivisible injuries
110(2)
6.3.3 Successive factors
112(3)
6.3.4 Material contribution to injury
115(3)
6.3.5 Loss of a chance of avoiding an adverse physical outcome
118(5)
6.4 Exceptions to the but for test
123(17)
6.4.1 Loss of a chance of achieving a better financial outcome
123(2)
6.4.2 Overdetermination
125(1)
6.4.3 Material contribution to risk
126(6)
6.4.4 Single agent
132(6)
6.4.5 Failure to warn
138(2)
6.5
Chapter summary
140(3)
Further reading
141(1)
Roadmap
142(1)
7 Remoteness
143(20)
7.1 Introduction
144(1)
7.2 Basic form
145(3)
7.3 Eggshell skull rule
148(1)
7.4 Scope of duty
149(6)
7.5 Novus actus interventens
155(3)
7.5.1 Act of a third party
155(1)
7.5.2 Act of the claimant
156(2)
7.6 Intentional torts
158(3)
7.7
Chapter summary
161(2)
Further reading
161(1)
Roadmap
162(1)
PART 2 TORTS RELATING TO LAND AND GOODS
163(79)
8 Occupiers Liability
164(29)
8.1 Introduction
165(1)
8.2 Who is an occupier?
165(2)
8.3 The Occupiers' Liability Act 1957 - liability to `visitors'
167(16)
8.3.1 Who is a visitor?
167(2)
8.3.2 What are premises?
169(1)
8.3.3 What is the content of the occupier's duty?
170(6)
8.3.4 How can that duty be discharged?
176(7)
8.4 The Occupiers' Liability Act 1984 - liability to those not classed as `visitors'
183(8)
8.4.1 Who is classed as a non-visitor?
186(1)
8.4.2 In what circumstances will non-visitors be owed a duty?
187(1)
8.4.3 What is the content of that duty?
188(1)
8.4.4 How can that duty be discharged?
189(2)
8.5
Chapter summary
191(2)
Further read ing
191(1)
Roadmap
192(1)
9 Product Liability
193(24)
9.1 Introduction
194(1)
9.2 Contractual remedies
195(2)
9.3 Common law negligence
197(1)
9.4 Consumer Protection Act 1987
198(14)
9.4.1 Product
199(1)
9.4.2 Damage
200(2)
9.4.3 Producer
202(1)
9.4.4 Defect
203(6)
9.4.5 Defences
209(3)
9.5 Limitation
212(3)
9.6
Chapter summary
215(2)
Further reading
216(1)
10 Nuisance and the rule in Ryland v Fletcher
217(25)
10.1 Introduction
218(1)
10.2 What is private nuisance?
219(7)
10.2.1 Title to sue and nature of damage suffered
219(2)
10.2.2 What amounts to an unreasonable interference
221(5)
10.3 Remedies
226(3)
10.3.1 Injunction v damages
226(3)
10.3.2 Abatement
229(1)
10.4 Defences in private nuisance
229(2)
10.4.1 Prescription
229(1)
10.4.2 Act of a stranger
230(1)
10.4.3 Statutory authority
230(1)
10.5 The rule in Rylands v Fletcher
231(6)
10.5.1 Defences to the rule in Rylands v Fletcher
234(3)
10.6 Public nuisance: a very different thing
237(2)
10.7 Trespass to land
239(1)
10.8
Chapter summary
240(2)
Further reading
240(1)
Roadmap
241(1)
PART 3 INTENTIONAL TORTS
242(54)
11 The Economic Torts
243(17)
11.1 Introduction
244(1)
11.2 The distinction made by the House of Lords in OSG
245(6)
11.2.1 Inducing breach of contract
247(2)
11.2.2 Causing loss by unlawful means
249(2)
11.3 [ The former tort of) intimidation - now covered by causing loss by unlawful means
251(1)
11.4 Conspiracy
252(5)
11.4.1 Lawful means conspiracy Cor simple conspiracy)
252(1)
11.4.2 Unlawful means conspiracy
253(4)
11.5
Chapter summary
257(3)
Further reading
257(1)
Roadmaps
258(2)
12 International Torts Against the person
260(36)
12.1 Introduction
261(1)
12.2 Comparing the torts
262(3)
12.3 Assault
265(3)
12.3.1 Intentional threat
265(1)
12.3.2 Immediate and direct violence
266(1)
12.3.3 Reasonable expectation by claimant
267(1)
12.4 Battery
268(4)
12.4.1 Intention
268(1)
12.4.2 Direct and immediate force
268(2)
12.4.3 Without consent
270(1)
12.4.4 Hostility?
270(2)
12.5 False Imprisonment
272(6)
12.5.1 Confinement
272(2)
12.5.2 Awareness
274(1)
12.5.3 False imprisonment within the prison system
275(3)
12.6 Defences
278(5)
12.6.1 Consent
278(1)
12.6.2 Necessity
279(2)
12.6.3 Self-defence (including defence of others)
281(1)
12.6.4 Contributory negligence
282(1)
12.6.5 Lawful arrest and detention/lawful authority
282(1)
12.7 Additional intentional torts against the person
283(11)
12.7.1 The tort in Wilkinson v Downton
284(3)
12.7.2 Protection from Harassment Act 1997
287(5)
12.7.3 Malicious prosecution
292(2)
12.8
Chapter summary
294(2)
Further reading
294(1)
Roadmap
295(1)
PART 4 DEFAMATION AND PRIVACY
296(77)
13 Defamation
297(41)
13.1 Introduction
298(1)
13.2 Defamation structure
299(1)
13.2.1 Was the publication defamatory?
300(1)
13.2.2 Is the publication defensible?
300(1)
13.2.3 What damages should be awa rded7
300(1)
13.3 Initial issues to consider
300(9)
13.3.1 Legislative reform
301(1)
13.3.2 Libel and slander
302(2)
13.3.3 Who can sue7
304(5)
13.4 Elements of defamation
309(10)
13.4.1 Was the publication defamatory?
309(7)
13.4.2 The statement referred to the claimant
316(1)
13.4.3 The statement was published to a third party
317(2)
13.5 Defences
319(10)
13.5.1 Truth
320(1)
13.5.2 Honest opinion
321(2)
13.5.3 Privilege and public interest
323(4)
13.5.4 Operators of websites
327(1)
13.5.5 Consent
328(1)
13.6 Remedies
329(1)
13.6.1 Damages
329(1)
13.6.2 Other remedies
330(1)
13.7 Challenges
330(5)
13.7.1 Human rights and defamation
331(1)
13.7.2 Defamation and social media
332(1)
13.7.3 Society's views and defamation
333(2)
13.8
Chapter summary
335(3)
Further reading
335(1)
Roadmap
336(2)
14 Privacy
338(35)
14.1 Introduction
339(1)
14.2 Current protection of privacy
340(8)
14.2.1 Common law protection of privacy
340(4)
14.2.2 Government regulation of privacy rights
344(4)
14.3 Breach of confidence
348(15)
14.3.1 Breach of confidence or `misuse of private information'?
350(1)
14.3.2 Reasonable expectation of privacy
351(6)
14.3.3 Unauthorised use
357(3)
14.3.4 Remedies
360(2)
14.3.5 Breach of confidence: concluding remarks
362(1)
14.4 A freestanding privacy tort?
363(6)
14.5 Privacy protection in the 21st century
369(1)
14.6
Chapter summary
370(3)
Further reading
371(1)
Roadmap
372(1)
PART 5 GENERAL MATTERS
373(72)
15 Vicarious Liability
374(17)
15.1 Introduction
375(1)
15.2 The development of the principle
375(1)
15.3 Relationships of employment
376(9)
15.3.1 The relationship
377(4)
15.3.2 The connection
381(4)
15.4 Non-delegable duties
385(3)
15.5
Chapter summary
388(3)
Further reading
389(1)
Roadmap
390(1)
16 Defences
391(30)
16.1 Introduction
392(1)
16.2 What is a defence7
393(1)
16.3 Contributory negligence
394(8)
16.3.1 Historical approach to contributory negligence
394(3)
16.3.2 Elements of contributory negligence
397(4)
16.3.3 Contributory negligence: concluding remarks
401(1)
16.4 Volenti non fit injuria
402(7)
16.4.1 Volenti and consent
403(1)
16.4.2 Elements of volenti
403(5)
16.4.3 Volenti: concluding remarks
408(1)
16.5 Illegality
409(9)
16.5.1 Rationale of illegality
409(1)
16.5.2 Elements of illegality
410(8)
16.5.3 Illegality: concluding remarks
418(1)
16.6
Chapter summary
418(3)
Further reading
419(1)
Roadmap
420(1)
17 Damages
421(24)
17.1 Introduction
422(1)
17.2 Purpose of damages in tort law
423(3)
17.3 Property damage
426(1)
17.4 Persona I injury
427(3)
17.4.1 Pecuniary losses
427(3)
17.4.2 Non-pecuniary losses
430(1)
17.5 Compensating benefits
430(2)
17.6 Actions after death
432(3)
17.6.1 Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1934
432(1)
17.6.2 Fatal Accidents Act 1976
433(2)
17.7 Time limitations on tort law claims
435(4)
17.8 How damages can be awarded
439(3)
17.9 Contribution and apportionment
442(1)
17.10
Chapter summary
443(2)
Further reading
444(1)
Index 445
Sarah Green is the Law Commissioner for Commercial and Common Law at the Law Commission of England and Wales. Prior to that, she was Professor of Private Law at the University of Bristol, Professor of the Law of Obligations at the University of Oxford and a lecturer at the University of Birmingham. She has written two books about specific elements of tort law, and has also published on a variety of other topics including virtual currencies, blockchain issues surrounding intermediated securities, smart contracts, sale of goods law as applicable to digitised assets, and wage theft.

Jodi Gardner is a University Lecturer in Private Law at the University of Cambridge, and a Fellow of St Johns College. She is also a Senior Adjunct Research Fellow at the Centre for Banking & Finance Law, National University of Singapore. Jodis research is primarily focused on the intersection between private law and social policy. She is written on a variety of different topics in this area including the regulation of high-cost credit contracts, the impact of austerity measures, the effect of open banking on financial exclusion, online auctions, and concurrent liability in tort and contract.
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